必修3 Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars全套教案

1、Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the starsI單元教學(xué)目標(biāo)技能目標(biāo)GoalsTalk about the science of the stars, the development of life and space travel and gravity Practise giving instructionsPractise talking abut problems in study or lifeLearn to use Noun Clauses as the subjectLearn to write an essay to show your p

2、roblems and the way to overcome them.II. 目標(biāo)語言功能句式Talk about the science of the stars, the development of life and space travel and gravity Where do we come from?How did the universe begin?Why is the universe the way it was?How will it end?How much do you know about universe?Do you want to have a spa

3、ce travel?Do you know something about gravity?Do you know something about black holes?Practise giving instructionsPlease look at/ listen toPlease check thatYou needPlease pay attention toDont forget toYoud betterMake sure youWatch out forYou mustntPractice talking about problems in study or lifeMy p

4、roblem isThe difficulty isMy trouble isThe question isMy advice isWhat I think about it isThe fact isMy suggestion is詞匯1 四會(huì)詞匯astronomy, atmosphere, system, violent, solid, explode, carbon, dioxide, oxygen, surface, planet, harmful, development, spread, method, depend, exist, presence, telescope, dis

5、appoint, disappointed, publish, publishing, gravity, force, gradually, cheer, float, mass2認(rèn)讀詞匯astronomer, biochemistry, geophysics, solar, Big Bang, vapour, nitrogen, dissolve, amphibian, reptile, generally, mammal, global, comet, Issac Newton, Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking, lessen, weightlessly,

6、 cabin, exhaust, exclaim3 詞組solar system, in time, preventfrom, depend on, cheer up, now that, get the hang of, break out語法Noun Clauses as the subjectNoun Clauses as the subject is also called the Subject Clause. That means a Noun Clause serves as Subject in the sentence. The words which are used in

7、 this Noun Clause are: that, whether, who, what, which, when, where, how, why, etc.Example1. What it was to become was a mystery.2. It was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.重點(diǎn)句子1. What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around

8、the sun. P252. Its exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. P253. It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases, which had become part of the earths atmosphere, int

9、o the oceans and seas. P254. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. P265. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths. P306. Walking does need

10、a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. P317. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship the earths gravity increased. P318. Seen from space, the earth appears to be a water ball.9. But the answers have always seemed well beyond our reach, until now.10. Huge questio

11、ns remain to be answered, before we can hope to have a complete picture of the universe we live in.III.教材分析和教材重組：1.教材分析：本單元以astronomy: the science of the stars, the development of life, space travel and gravity為話題，通過本單元的幾篇閱讀材料使學(xué)生對(duì)以上問題有所了解，并通過文章中的一些探討性的問題，比如，The earth may become too hot for the lives

12、 on it. Then what will our future be? 使學(xué)生更好地了解我們的地球和我們的生活環(huán)境，并引發(fā)對(duì)“地球的將來如何”的熱烈討論，通過這些討論會(huì)激發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)天文學(xué)了解和探究的強(qiáng)烈興趣。通過討論登月球需要的物品和可能遇到的困難學(xué)會(huì)提出問題和解決問題的表達(dá)方法，并能就此寫出一篇表達(dá)合理清晰的短文。1.1 WARMING UP以討論的形式通過三組問題引導(dǎo)學(xué)生討論邊緣科學(xué)，討論科學(xué)研究的方法以及要成為真正的科學(xué)家所必須掌握的技能。1.2 PRE-READING 主要讓學(xué)生弄清楚什么是科學(xué)思想，什么是宗教信仰或文化傳統(tǒng)。在探討生命的起源的科學(xué)道理之前，讓學(xué)生以聽故事或講故事的方

13、式，交流一下有關(guān)宇宙的起源的種種傳說，既有趣味性，又能調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的相關(guān)知識(shí)，激活學(xué)生的思維。1.3 READING 講述了地球上生命的起源。水的形成使得地球有別于其他星球，它使得地球上生命的誕生成為可能?？茖W(xué)家認(rèn)為，地球上的生命首先誕生于水中，上百萬年后，陸地上才長出綠色植物，隨后出現(xiàn)了陸棲動(dòng)物和水陸兩棲動(dòng)物。最初的動(dòng)物靠孵化繁衍后代，后來出現(xiàn)了哺乳動(dòng)物，人類也隨之誕生了。文章最后講了令人深省的問題：The earth may become too hot for the lives on it.1.4 COMPREHENDING通過四個(gè)選擇填空題檢測學(xué)生對(duì)本文核心問題的理解：地球上生命的起源和

14、延續(xù)需要那些條件？隨后通過排序的方式幫助學(xué)生弄清本文的行文線索，也就是地球上生命的起源和發(fā)展歷程。最后提出兩個(gè)問題，考察學(xué)生的深層理解和推斷能力。1.5 LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE分詞匯和語法兩部分。其中，Discovering useful words and expressions是通過英文釋意，短文填空，詞語分類和單項(xiàng)選擇等練習(xí)在語境中掌握和運(yùn)用詞匯。Grammar是采用先發(fā)現(xiàn)后應(yīng)用的學(xué)習(xí)方法。先通過到課文中找句子，讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)主語從句，然后，設(shè)置一個(gè)用一手機(jī)發(fā)短信息的情景，讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行簡單句與主語從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)。最后設(shè)置情景來復(fù)習(xí)表語從句。1.6 USING LAN

15、GUAGE由Listening、Reading和Speaking and Writing三部分交互組合而成。指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在聽和讀的輸入性學(xué)習(xí)之后，完成說和寫的輸出性應(yīng)用練習(xí)。Listening的內(nèi)容介紹三位科學(xué)巨匠。不僅通過聽力填表的形式訓(xùn)練學(xué)生捕捉細(xì)節(jié)的能力，還通過四選一的方式幫助學(xué)生找主題思想。在解釋對(duì)與錯(cuò)的過程中，教師可以適當(dāng)?shù)慕榻B一下概括主題的方法。Reading是一個(gè)科幻小故事，通過我和我的朋友乘宇宙飛船登月球的經(jīng)歷，介紹了重量、失重和地球引力等科學(xué)道理。Speaking 以Visiting the moon為話題，要求學(xué)生討論登月球需要攜帶的物品和在月球上可能遇到的困難。Writing

16、要求學(xué)生找出登月球可能遇到的三個(gè)困難并找出克服這些困難的方法。在聽說讀寫綜合提高的同時(shí)，培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新意識(shí)和實(shí)踐能力。2教材重組2.1 精讀可將 Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading 和Comprehending四部分整合在一起上一節(jié)閱讀課。2.2 語言學(xué)習(xí)包括Leaning about language和 Workbook中的 Using Words and expressions以及 Using Structures。2.3 聽力Using language中的 Listening與 Workbook中 Listening和Listening task三部分話題較

17、為接近，其中Listening部分是介紹三位對(duì)地球引力的認(rèn)識(shí)做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)的科學(xué)偉人。在提高聽力的同時(shí)，為下文的Reading部分作了鋪墊。Workbook中 Listening是關(guān)于轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的航天英雄楊利偉的故事。通過聽力練習(xí)，讓學(xué)生了解作為宇航員所需要哪些素質(zhì)。而Listening task中的聽力則是向?qū)W生展示space travel 的潛在價(jià)值。既然三部分都在談?wù)撆cAstronomy有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，所以放在一起處理比較合適。2.4 口語訓(xùn)練是把Using Language 中的Speaking 和 Workbook 中的 Talking 和 Speaking task放在一起。這幾部分涉及到

18、本單元的功能句，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)如何思考需要的東西，怎樣給別人以指示以及如何向別人問問題?？梢哉显谝黄鹕弦惶每谡Z課。2.5 泛讀 是把Using language中的Reading和Workbook中的Reading task 整合在一起。這兩部分利用science fiction story向讀者解釋gravity和black hole.2.6 寫作練習(xí)是把Using language中的Writing 和Workbook中的Writing Task以及Project整合在一起上一堂寫作練習(xí)課。3課型設(shè)計(jì)與課時(shí)分配1st period Intensive Reading 2nd period

19、Language study3rd period Listening4th period Extensive Reading5th period Speaking6th period WritingIV. 分課時(shí)教案The First Period Intensive Reading Teaching goals 教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. Target language目標(biāo)語言a重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語 astronomy, atmosphere, system, violent, solid, explode, carbon, dioxide, oxygen, surface, planet, harmful,

20、development, spread, method, depend, solar system, in time, preventfrom, depend onb重點(diǎn)句子1.What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun. P252.Its exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon d

21、ioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. P253.It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases, which had become part of the earths atmosphere, into the oceans and seas. P254.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on

22、 whether this problem can be solved. P262. Ability goals 能力目標(biāo)a. Enable Ss to talk about the science of the stars, the development of life and space travel and gravity Where do we come from?How did the universe begin?Why is the universe the way it was?How will it end?How much do you know about univer

23、se?Do you want to have a space travel?Do you know something about gravity?b. Understand the text and answer the following questions:1. What was there on the earth before life could begin?2. Why do scientists think there has never been life on the moon?3. Why did animals first appear in the seas?4. W

24、hy did green plants help life to develop?5. Why were mammals different from other animals?c. Enable the Ss to understand the details about the passage, choosing the correct answer according to the text and put the order of development of life into a time line and answer questions.d. Retell the passa

25、ge using key sentences.3. Learning ability goals 學(xué)能目標(biāo)Enable Ss learn how to talk about the beginning of life on the earth.Teaching important points教學(xué)重點(diǎn)a. Talk about the beginning of life on the earth.Why did animals first appear in the seas?Why did green plants help life to develop?b. Discuss the or

26、der of development of lifeTeaching difficult points教學(xué)難點(diǎn)a. Understand the beginning of life on the earth. b. Discuss the questions:What will our future be if the earth may become too hot for the lives on it?Why are humans the cleverest animals on the earth? Teaching methods教學(xué)方法a. Skimming and scannin

27、gb. Asking-and-answering activity to check the Ss understanding of the text.c. Individual, pair or group work to finish each task.d. Discussion.Teaching aids教具準(zhǔn)備A recorder, a computer, a projectorTeaching procedures & ways教學(xué)過程與方式Step I PresentationT: Hello, everyone! Today well come to Unit4 Ast

28、ronomy. Before that I have a question: Where do we come from? Or we can say: Who are our ancestors?S1: Monkeys!S2: Beijing Ren who lived many years ago.S3: Reptiles.S4: Mammals.S5: Amphibians.S6: Dinosaurs.T: Very good! Can you put them in right order?S7: Amphibians, Reptiles, Dinosaurs, Mammals, Be

29、ijing Ren T: Do you know what it was like before life appeared on earth?S8: It was full of water, perhaps.T: Before that, what was it like?S9: Sorry, I dont know.T: Do you want to get more information? Today well learn something about How Life Began on the Earth. Turn to Page25. Lets come to Warming

30、 up first.Step II Warming up 1. Read the three questions, while the students listen and follow.2. Give them some time to discuss the questions.3. Collect answers from the whole class.4. Check the answers while discuss.T: Ill read the three questions for you. You should listen to me carefully. (If st

31、udents dont know how to discuss, show them an example.) For example, medicine. When someone gets very serious illness, he will go to the hospital. The doctor will examine him. He will take his temperature, measure his blood pressure and give him an X-ray, or a CT. For the whole process of the examin

32、ation, what kind of science has been used?S1: Biology.S2: Chemistry.T: So we can say medicine combines biology and chemistry. What about biochemistry and geophysics?S3: I think biochemistry combines biology and chemistry.S4: Geophysics combines geology and physics.T: What about astronomy?S5: Physics

33、.S6: Mathematics.T: Very good. We should know that astronomy is a multidisciplinary subject and if we want to do some research on it, we should know many science subjects related to it. Now discuss the second question: What do we mean when we say we are studying a subject scientifically? Or whats th

34、e correct attitude towards science? S7: We should be objective, not superstitious.T: Whats the correct way to prove a scientific idea?S8: We should design experiments to test it for several times.S9: Then we can analyze the results and draw a conclusion at last.T: Lets sum up the answers. To study a

35、 subject scientifically, we must try to be objective. In order to test our idea, we should design experiments, then analyze the results and draw a conclusion. Now we talk about the third question. What are the most important skills we need to be real scientists?S10: We should be very careful.S11: Be

36、 objective and logical.S12: We should be wise enough to design an experiment and write the reports clearly.S13: We should be able to draw conclusions from the experiments and not impose conclusions on the data.T: I think you have done great work. From the discussion we know that its not easy to be a

37、 scientist. So you should work harder if you want to be a scientist.Step III Pre-readingGet the Ss to discuss the questions on Page 25 with their partners. Then ask the Ss to tell their stories. Encourage the Ss to tell different stories. If they dont know any, tell them some.T: Now please look at t

38、he slide show. And discuss these questions with your partners. Then Ill ask some students to tell us their stories. Are you clear?Ss: Yes, sir/madam.1.Do you know each religion or culture has its own ideas about the beginning of the universe?Please give an example if you know.2. Do you know what a s

39、cientific idea is?After the Ss discussion, teacher says the following.T: Now whod like to tell us a story? Volunteer!S1: Let me try. In China, we have Pangu separates the sky from the earth.T: Can you describe the story in details?S1: Sorry, I cant remember clearly.T: Who can? Nobody? Now Ill tell y

40、ou. Look at the screen. Pangu separates the sky from the earth. The sky and the earth were at first one blurred entity like an egg. Pangu was born into it. The separation of the sky and the earth took 18,000 years- the yang which was light and pure rose to become the sky, and the yin which was heavy

41、 and murky sank to form the earth. Between them was Pangu, who went through nine changes every day, his wisdom, greater than that of the sky and his ability greater than that of the earth. Every day the sky rose ten feet higher, the earth became ten feet thicker, and Pangu grew ten feet taller. Anot

42、her 18,000 years passed, and there was an extremely high sky, an extremely thick earth, and an extremely tall Pangu. Then came the Three Emperors (the Emperor of the Sky, the Emperor of the Earth, the Emperor of the Men.) So these numbers came into existence and evolve like this. The number begins w

43、ith one, becomes established at three, is completed at five, prospers at seven, and ends in nine. So the sky is ninety thousand li from the earth.Other legends about the beginning of universeThe Biblical Account"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless

44、and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the spirit of God was hovering over the waters. And God said." Day 1 : God spoke and separated light from darkness creating Day and Night Day 2 : God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean Day 3 : God spoke and created dry

45、land Day 4 : God spoke and created the sun, moon, and stars Day 5 : God spoke and created living creatures in the air and sea Day 6 : God spoke and created the land animals and man Day 7 : God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy India Brahma has created the world many times. This creation is

46、 repeated every four ages or yugas. There are four yugas in one eon or kalpa. In the beginning of each kalpa the world is a watery chaos. As Brahma thought beings were created. The demons were created by a wind from his rectum. After creating the demons he discarded his body which became night. He a

47、ssumed a new body and out of his mouth came the shining gods or devas. This body was also discarded and became day. With his next body he created ancestor spirits. With his fourth body Brahma created human beings were created. This discarded body became the moon. With the fifth body Brahma had a str

48、ange thought and he created ogres, terrible creatures, that wanted to devour the primordial sea of chaos. In shock at what he had done he then created ghouls, or Gandharvas. Finally he regained his senses and created birds, mammals, plants, and all the other life that we see today. Japan In the begi

49、nning was chaos until the heaven and earth separated. When this separation occurred the Three High Deities created two principles, the passive, Izanami or the Female, and the active, Izanagi or the Male. It was these two people who are our ancestors.In the beginning the heaven and the earth were one

50、. The In (Yin) and Yo (Yang) had not been separated. All that existed was chaos in the form of an egg. This egg contained the seeds of the creation. Heaven, being made of the purer portion of the substance rose and the earth being heavier did not. As the heaven rose the islands began to be formed. L

51、ater a strange plant grew between heaven and earth which became a great male god. Two additional male gods followed. These three were formed by the will of heaven. Following this six deities were formed and then Izanagi ( the male ) and Izanami ( the female ). Izanagi and Izanami were the first ance

52、stors. They thrust down the jeweled spear of heaven into the sea. As they lifted the spear the liquid on the tip formed the islands of Japan. EuropeCelticThere were giants in the past. These giants were the gods. During the first winter a large giant was made from the hoarfrost. When this giant was

53、exposed to fire he naturally melted. The body of this giant became the world. His hair became the forests. His skull became the sky. His blood produced the sea. His bones produced the mountains. In the middle of the earth on high mountains live the gods. The underworld is beneath, the land of the de

54、ad. South America IncaThe Incas worshiped a god named Pachacamac, also known as Viracocha. This god had originally risen from the waters of lake Titicaca and created the stars, planets, and the moon. Pachacamac created everything, including people, out of clay. Because he felt sorry for humans, Pach

55、acamac sent his daughter, the moon god, to teach humans how to build houses, grow crops, and make clothes. The children of Pachacamac lived at lake Titicaca but could travel. When they traveled they were required to stick into the ground a golden rod they received from their father, Pachacamac. Each

56、 time this happened the humans would build a city.T: Are they interesting? Though they are interesting, they are only legends. We should believe a scientific idea. Whats a scientific idea?S2: It should be an idea coming from scientific theory.T: Quite right. Now well come to Reading. Thats a scienti

57、fic idea.Step IV Reading.ScanningGet the Ss to read the passage quickly and accurately and meanwhile help the Ss to form a good habit of reading. Teacher gives the Ss a couple of minutes to look through the whole passage. Tell the Ss to read the text silently and then ask some detailed questions about the text on the slide show with their partners. Teacher encourages the Ss to express their ideas.T: Were going to learn a passage about How life began on the earth .Now lets look at the slide show. Read the text quickly and find answers to the following questions.