【高中英語教材知識梳理】必修五Unit3

1、Unit 3 Life in the futurePart 1輸人必備知識詞句通關(guān). .No.l狂背單詞I 單詞語境記憶1.every aspect of our lives 我們生活的每一個方面2.a narrow opening in the fence 圍欄上的狹窄缺口3.glanee sideways at sb斜眼看某人4.under amask of loyalty 忠誠之下的偽裝5.a carriage of a train 火車車廂6.fasten the safety belt while driving 開車期間系好安全帶7.flash and show a light 閃

2、示一下信號燈8.be optimistic about the future樂觀面對未來9.shoes covered withmud滿是泥巴的鞋子10. travel in the desert 在沙漠中旅行11.Chinesecitizens中國公民12.a typist busy typing with a typewriter忙于用打字機(jī)打字的打字員13. be greedy for power 貪圖權(quán)利14.a swallow rsst只燕子窩15. the recycled materials 再利用的材料16. goods of high quality 高質(zhì)量的貨物17.a l

3、ack of motivation缺乏動機(jī)n .詞性轉(zhuǎn)換與派生記憶1.guide n.指導(dǎo)；向?qū)?；?dǎo)游vt.指引；指導(dǎo)2.surrounding n.周圍的事物；環(huán)境adj.周圍的3.lack vi.& vt.缺乏；沒有n.缺乏；短缺的東西4.switch n.開關(guān)；轉(zhuǎn)換vt.轉(zhuǎn)換5. impress vt.給留下印象，銘記impression n. 印象； 感想； 印記impressive adj.給人以深刻印象的6. previous adj.在前的； 早先的 previously adv.在前； 早先7.certain adj.確切的；肯定的uncertain adj.不確切的；

4、無把握的8.surround vt.環(huán)繞； 包圍surroundings n. 周圍的事物； 環(huán)境 surrounding adj .周圍的9. tolerate vt.容忍；忍受toleranee n.容忍；忍受；寬容tolerant adj.寬 容的；容忍的10. adjust vt.調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)adjustment n.調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)11. press vi.& vt.按；壓；逼迫 n.按；壓；新聞；印刷 pressure n.壓力12. settle v.定居；解決settler n.定居者settlement n.定居川.單詞趣味串記1In an instant， he reali

5、zed he had made a mistak，eand he made aninstant decisionto correct it.馬上，他意識到已犯錯，然后他迅速決定改正錯誤。2The constant errors he has made just now made him rather depressedfor an instant，but quickly he became active again.他剛剛犯的連續(xù)的錯誤有那么一刻令他相當(dāng)沮喪，但是很快他又滿血復(fù)活。3He is a representative farmer from England，and the farm

6、he runs is a representativeof British farms.他是一位典型英國農(nóng)民，他經(jīng)營的農(nóng)場是英國農(nóng)場的代表。聯(lián)想記憶1單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的名詞集錦1good 善行；好處 goods 貨物2brain 智力brains 智者3custom 習(xí)慣；風(fēng)俗customs 海關(guān)4instruction 指示instructions 用法說明5pa in 痛苦pains 辛苦；努力6sand 沙子sands 沙灘7time 時間times 時代2常見合成名詞集錦1timetable 時間表；時刻表2viewpo int 觀點3waterfall瀑布4bookstore書店5bo

7、okmark書簽6hometow n 家鄉(xiāng)7seafood 海產(chǎn)品3男女有別1steward 乘務(wù)員；服務(wù)員stewardess 女乘務(wù)員2waiter 男服務(wù)員waitress 女服務(wù)員3actor 男演員actress 女演員4host 男主人hostess 女主人4. 后綴-ive 形容詞大觀園1attractive 吸引人的2impressive 印象深刻的3creative 創(chuàng)造性的4constructive 建設(shè)性的5expensive 昂貴的6active 積極的7positive 積極的5. er 后綴指物的名詞小結(jié)1typewriter 打字機(jī)2receiver 聽筒；話筒3

8、counter 柜臺4drawer 抽屜5cooker 炊具6speaker 揚聲器7sin ger 歌手8damper 氣閘NO.2狂背短語/77 屮皿勸皿短語背誦1. take up 拿起；接受；開始；繼續(xù)；占用2. sweep up 打掃； 橫掃3. slide into （快捷而悄聲地）移動；溜進(jìn)4. be back on one s fe 困境后）恢復(fù)；完全復(fù)原5. lose sight of. 看不見.6. in all directions 向四面八方7. remi nd sb of.使某人想起；提醒某人8. speed up 力卩速9. switch off 關(guān)掉10. sta

9、re at 凝視；盯著看11. in an instant 立刻，馬上12. be absorbed by 被. 吸引詞塊積累1.rem in d.c on sta ntly that.不斷提醒2. be nervous and uncertain 感至 U 緊張和心神不定3. tran sport.safely in to.安全地把 送入4. fasten one s safety b 系好某人的安全帶5. from under the floor 從地板下面6. fall fast asleep 很快睡著7. finance and currency 金融與貨幣8. be describe

10、d as. 被描述成.9.the most up- to date inventions 最前沿的發(fā)明10. the sending butt on 發(fā)送按鈕11. be stored on 被存儲在.12.environmentally friendly環(huán)保的13. the principles of ecology 生態(tài)學(xué)原理No3狂背句式/ / |1.At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate .開始的時候新的環(huán)境讓我難以忍受。2.However, I lost sight of Wang Pi ng whe n we

11、reached what looked like a largemarket because of too many carriages flying by in all directi ons.可是，當(dāng)我們到達(dá)一個看上去像大市場的地方時，由于太多車子朝四面八方飛奔， 我看不見王平了。3.Exhausted , I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.我感到累極了，爬上床很快就睡著了。4.In side was an exhibiti on of the most up to date inven tio ns of the 31st cen tury.太空站

12、里展出了 31 世紀(jì)一些最前沿的發(fā)明。.衣背落實.I.單詞拼寫1.They were both uncertain 無把握的） about what to do and went to their uncle for help.2.More young people are making the switch 轉(zhuǎn)換）to online job seeking.3.We are taking off now.Please fasten 系牢）your safety belt.4.It is more complicated than we previously 早先地）thought.5. If

13、 a student lacks 缺乏）the motivation to study，he or she will quickly become tired ofstudy ing.6.The shop assistant guided 指弓丨）me to the shelf where the gardening books weredisplayed.7.The recycled（回收利用）water is used to water plants.8.As a diligent student, he is greedy 渴望的）for success.9. A tall buildi

14、ng was put up where there used to be a dese 沙漠).10. A new series of simple En glish readi ng materials 材料)for middle school stude ntshas come out this year.n.詞性變化練習(xí)1. They have decided to make a few adjustments(adjust) to their travelling plan.2.As I walked through the town, I was constantly(constan

15、t) reminded of mychildhood.3. We are in instant need of help.Please tell us instantlythey arrive.(instant)4. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class and no one will be tolerant ofthat.(tolerate)5. The city of Hangzhou is really an impressive place.Especially the famous West Lakealways

16、leaves quite an impression on the visitors .I was stro ngly impressed by its beautythe first time I visited it.(impress)6. The famous star was enjoying the pleasant surroundings when he was recognizedand was surrounded by a crowd of fans.(surround)7. The firm is pressing me for a decision and the pr

17、essure from my parents is quiteunbearable so I had to accept this new job.(press)8. An official was sent to settle the problem but different opinions of two sides destroyedall the hopes of a peaceful settlement(settle)川.選詞填空lose sight of, switch off, be absorbed by take up, sweep up in an instant, s

18、lide into, stareat1. Peter will take up his post as head of the travel agency at the end of next month.2. I switched off all the lights before I went out.3. Before moving into his new apartmen, Jone swept it up thoroughly.4.In_an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water to save the dr

19、ow ningboy.5. It acbmanners to stare _at others for a long time.6. Since he was absorbed_by the beauty of Zhangji ajieshe wan ted to visit it aga in then ext year.7. I lost sight of him but could still hear his footsteps.8. He slid into the room when nobody noticed him.IV .補(bǔ)全句子1. On one hand, there

20、are still lots of people having no houses to live in.On the otherhand, many apartments are difficult to sell out.(福建高考書面表達(dá)) 一方面，很多人沒有房子居?。涣硗庖环矫?，很多樓盤很難賣出。2. It is not the story itself but what is reflected_in the story that counts.不是故事本身，而是故事所反映出來的問題最重要。3. Tired and thirsty, he went into a tea- house

21、 and a robot waiter quickly came up toserve him.又累又渴，他走進(jìn)一家茶館，一個機(jī)器人侍者迅速過來招待他。4. In front of our. _house _stands_a_ ll _tree with a history of 1000 years which isprotected by the gover nment now.在我們房子的前面有一棵 1 000 多年樹齡的大樹，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被政府保護(hù)起來了。Part 2拿握核心知識分層突破wi核心要點突破1. lack v.沒有；缺乏 n.缺乏；短缺的東西(1) lack+ n.缺乏.lac

22、k for + n.(多用于否定句中)需求；需要(2) for/through lack of + n.因缺乏.a lack of+ n. 缺乏.no lack of 不缺乏(3) lacki ng adj.短缺的；缺乏的be lack ing in 缺少單句語法填空1For lack of human protection, the number of Yangtze Finless Porpoise is becomingsmaller and smaller.2It s not that exercise makes you hea； hyt s more thata lack of e

23、xercise leaves yourbody weak and easily affected by disease.3As I look back on that day now, it surely lacks（lack） any sense of reality.4Though Jack was lackingjp experience he made up for it in enthusiasm.佳句背誦The most obvious problem in our class is lack of interaction and teamwork.（廣東高考讀寫任務(wù)）我們班最明顯

24、的問題是缺少互動和協(xié)作。名師指津lack 作名詞時常與介詞 of 連用；作動詞時可用作及物動詞直接加賓語（不用被動語態(tài)），也可作不及物動詞用；形容詞 lacking 常與 in 連用。2.instant n.瞬間；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的（1）in an instant= instantly 立刻； 馬上for an in sta nt 瞬間the instanAinstantly（2） the mome nt/the mi nute+ 從句就.in sta ntly/immediately/directly +從句單句語法填空/一句多譯1He paused for an instant

25、before continuing.2I ll be badfa an instant；please wait for me for a moment.3讓我非常驚訝的是，她一讀那封信就哭了起來。f Much to my surprise, she burst into tears the instant she read the letter.f Much to my surprise, she burst into tears instantly she read the letter.佳 句背誦 Furthermore , vot ing on the In ternet makes i

26、n sta nt feedback possible.（2016 江蘇高考書面表達(dá)）此外，網(wǎng)上投票會立刻產(chǎn)生可能的回饋。3. take up 拿起；接受；開始從事；承擔(dān)；繼續(xù)；占用（時間、物品等）；占據(jù)（空 間）一詞多義寫出下列句中 take up 的含義1We tried to find a table for seven but they were all taken up .占據(jù)(空間)2Shetook up the story where Tim had left off 繼續(xù)3I always take up the book and read whe n I am in my lo

27、w spirits 拿起4Alfred has just take n up play ing the guitar since he moved here with his pare nt 開始從事5Are you going to take up the challe nge of last ing a whole week without argu ing?接受take in 收留；吸收；欺騙；領(lǐng)會；理解take off 脫掉；起飛；成功take on 雇用；呈現(xiàn)；承擔(dān)take over 接任；接替；采用單句語法填空6He didn t takein, what he read beca

28、use his mind was focused on something else.7Hearing the promise I felt a great load taken off my mind.8Some years ago the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by anothercompa ny.佳句背誦In return， her studentstook on a completely new look.(廣東高考書面表達(dá))反過來，她的學(xué)生們呈現(xiàn)出了一個全新的面貌。4. speed up 力卩速(1) reduc

29、e speed/slow dow n 減速pick up speed 逐漸加速(2) at high/low/full/top speed 以高 / 低 /全 / 最高速at a speed of.以.速度單句語法填空1The instructor kept repeating the words “Speed up ”“Slow down! ”“Turnleft!”2Our physics teacher said that light travels at a speed of 300 000 km per second. 佳句背誦Obviously ,a good habit can h

30、elp us tcspeed up to reach our destinations. 很明顯，一個好的習(xí)慣能幫助我們加速到達(dá)我們的目的地。名師指津(1) speed 的過去式、過去分詞有兩種形式：speeded speeded 或 sped, spec。(2) 動詞+ up 構(gòu)成的常見短語還有：1hold up 舉起；耽擱2keep up 保持；維持3set up 建造；創(chuàng)立4bring up 教育；培養(yǎng)5build up 逐步建立6turn up 出現(xiàn)；露面7clear up 整理；收拾；(天空)放晴5. tolerate vt.容忍；忍受(1) tolerate (sb) doi ng

31、 sth 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事(2) tolera nee n.寬容；容忍；忍受tolera nt adj.寬容的；容忍的單句語法填空1People who have pers on ality traits that connect with competitive ness and low upsettolerance(tolerate) are much more likely to get angry.2I can tolerate working(work) with Kate in the same office.She just refuses to stop talking

32、 while she works.3In stead of blam ing the child who had broke n the vase, she gave him atolerant(tolerate) smile and let him go.佳句背誦In some experts op,iivriing conditions on the Mars are very hard totolerate.（廣東高考寫作）在一些專家的眼中，火星上的生活條件非常艱苦，難以忍受。6. lose sight of 看不見；忽略；忘記（1）catch sight of 望見；看到lose on

33、essight 失明come into sight 進(jìn)入視野內(nèi)；映入眼簾（2）at first sight 乍一看at the sight of 看至 Uout of sight 看不至 Uin/within sight 在視野內(nèi)單句改錯/補(bǔ)全句子1They fell in love at the first sight , and three mon ths later, they got married.去掉 first前的 the2At sight of his mother, the boy ran to her.sight 前加 the3The wi nd parted the sm

34、oke just eno ugh for him to catch sight of the village.風(fēng)吹散了煙使得他正好能夠看見這個村莊。4At the railway station , the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the trainwas outsight.在火車站，母親向女兒揮手告別直到火車從她的視野中消失。佳句背誦In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true placein the uni verse.在真實的意

35、義上來說，光污染使我們忽略了我們在宇宙中的真實位置。7. 形容詞（短語）作狀語Exhausted , I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.教材原句）我感到累極了，爬上床很 快就睡著了。1Too nervous, I couldn t think of anything at the beginning oe tfexam.Howeve,I didn t worry but tried to calm myself doW 四川 I 高考書面表達(dá)）由于太緊張，考試剛開始時我什么也想不起來。但我沒有著急，而是努力使自己平靜下來。2To our relief，t

36、he missing child returned home ten days later tired_but_healthy.讓我們感到寬慰的是，那個丟失的小孩子十天后返回了家里，疲憊不堪卻很健康。3Worried_ _about the time available she arranged her own plan carefully.擔(dān)心時間不夠用，她仔細(xì)地安排了自己的計劃。名師指津形容詞（短語）作狀語時常用來說明句子主語的狀態(tài)， 即和主語?？蓸?gòu) 成系表關(guān)系。如果用來修飾句子的謂語動詞或整個句子， 則應(yīng)用副詞作狀語。試 比較：4Helpless，we watched the house

37、 being destroyed before our eyes.我們看著那棟房子在我們眼前被毀，很是無助。（helpless 說明主語 we 的狀態(tài)）5The old buildi ng was burned dow n as crowds watchedhelplessly.在人群無助地觀望中那座舊建筑物燒毀了。（helplessly 修飾從句謂語動詞watched）W2考綱詞匯專練I多義詞專練一一選擇語境中詞匯的含義1. lackA. n.缺乏 B . vi.& vt.缺乏；沒有 C. n.短缺的東西1一 Jack still can t help being an xious

38、about his job in terview.Lack of self con fide nee is his Achilles ，lanheerlaid.（2016 江蘇高考）A2The real museumlacked eno ugh artwork to in terest her.（2018 天 津高考-）B3The lacks in his life have urged him to work harder2. pressA. v.按；壓 B. v.逼迫 C. n.印刷 D. n.新聞1The bear hit at the camera cutting it off the

39、 tripod（三腳架）.1 raised my left arm toprotect my face；the beast held tightly on the tripod ancpressed it into my side.（北京 高考）A2The freedom of thepress must be protected3I do not press others；I let them have a choiceB4The worker works for a bus in ess oforess.C3. switchA. vt.轉(zhuǎn)換 B . n.開關(guān) C. n.轉(zhuǎn)換1After a

40、 week, the two groups switched with participants.（四川高考）A2Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone and some New Yorkers areready for the switch .（福建高考）C3He sn atched up the receiver and his free hand reached for tlswitch on the bedsidelamp. B4. represe ntativeA . n.代表；典型人物B . adj.典型的 C . adj.

41、有代表性的1For the first time in decades they will soon choose their own representative government. C2For the salesrepresentatives , their level of conscientiousness mattered almost asmuch as their sales in determining who stayed on 江蘇高考）A3Beijing is a representative Chinese cityn.微閱讀一一寫出黑體詞匯在語境中的詞性和詞義Pr

42、eviously I was a typist.I resig ned because I could n tolerate myboss beinggreedy Lack of the motivati on to do simple things was ano ther reas on .Curre ntly Iwork as a bus in ess represe ntative in the Ecology Compa ny.My new job has left megood impressions in many aspects except that I have to co

43、nstantly go on bus in essby jet. Once I was on the way to Califor nia whe n somethi ng urge nt happe ned.The plane was swallowed by a thun derstorm, with light ning shimmeri ng among the darkclouds.A stewardessinstantly told us to put on the oxygen masks and faste n thesafety belts.She then pressed

44、a butt on to switch on the emerge ncy lights.Fortunatelythe crew was professional and calm.They made several adjustme nts to the situati onand fin ally we Ian ded safely.vt.容忍；忍受n.缺乏3n.代表n.方面5adv.不斷地vt.吞下； 咽下adv.立即； 立刻vt.系牢； 扎牢vt.按n.調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)川.微完形-根據(jù)語境選出正確選項His whole morning was taken up with the meetin

45、g and his head ached when it wasfin ally over.Just at that time, the assista nt came in and _1_ him that it was time forhim to pick up the _2_ from the USA at the airport 丄 ooking at his watch, he jumped tohis feet and rushed out of his office into his car.Worried about making a poor _3onthe represe

46、 ntative, he _4_ his car on the way to get there in time.Am ong all the peoplegoing in all _5_, he caught sight of the representative who was wait ing for him.The nthey went to the meet ing room of the hotel, which had bee n _6_ by the waiters.1. A.flashedB. guidedC. switchedD. reminded2. A.represen

47、tativeB. stewardessC. typistD. receiver3. A.motivationB . aspectC. impressionD . adjustme nt4. A.took upB . speeded upC. slid intoD . lacked for5. A.surroundingsB . materialsC. goodsD . direct ions6. A.swept upB . suffered fromC. took inD. set up答案 1.D 2.A3.C 4.B 5.D6.APart 3練實基礎(chǔ)考點多維檢測I.在空白處填入 i 個適當(dāng)

48、的單詞或所給單詞的正確形式 熱考常考1. After the wedding, Richard returned home exhausted(exhaust) but delighted.2. There is no possibility that every student is willing to take up this kind of thrillingsport.3. These methods can help in crease stude ntmotivation(motivate) and in terest.4. When he reached the kingdom

49、 , he found the new surroundings difficultto_tolerate(tolerate).5. I can tell that Tom was not hungry just no w.He was just greedy for biscuits.6 . They were uncertain(certa in) whether they would go to the coun tryside or not.7 . She got quickly into her car an d fastened(faste n) the seat belt.8 .

50、 Nowadays people are more concerned about the en vir onm ent where they live.9 . The road was so muddy(mud) that my new shoes got ruined completely.10 . The members of the union will meet tomorrow in an attempt to reach asettlement(settle)n.用所給詞的正確形式填空不規(guī)則變化1 . The dustma n_swept(sweep) up all the fa

51、lle n leaves on this street yesterday.2 . Ann slid(slide) in to the furni shed room, but found nothing valuable.3 . He has a small room and most of the space is_take n(take) up by a pia no.4 . He sped/speeded(speed) up a bit and fin ally reached the tow n at dusk.川.改正下列句子中的唯一錯誤 易錯易混desti nati on. Gu

52、idi ng Guided3.Lackingsuch arrangements will journey.constanconstantly1 . Roughly speaking, the school cant tolerate cheat in thechamcheating2.Guidingby the typist ,they walked towards the enjoyablecon sta nt trouble you in yourC. took inD. set up4 . It is to your credit that you switch your mobile

53、phone before board in g.switch 后加off5 . It is widely agreed that pressing students to studying is not a good idea.study inL study6.In addition , the climate here is very similar with that in the USA , so there is no n eedfor you to worry about it.withto7.To our delight, Lucy was back on her foot aga

54、in after careful treatment.foo feet8.I mentioned his name and he appeared as if with magic.with by9.The book aims to cover all aspect of city life , for which it is popular amongreaders.aspecaspects10. He swallowed in the last of his coffee and asked for the bil 去掉 inIV .根據(jù)語境選出加黑詞的正確含義一一熟詞生義A. rejec

55、ted B. ignore C. believed1.We shouldn dse sight of the fact that education is importantB2.Her excuse was an obvious lie, but it was surprising that Tom should haveswallowed it whole.CPart 4提髙應(yīng)試技能切塊集訓(xùn)II閱讀提速練II閱讀理解AHistoria n Tom Holla nd is the award wi nning author of Rubic on, Persia n Fire andMill

56、ennium .He appears regularly on radio TV and in print.His latest book Dynasty ispublished in paperback.He shares the books that cha nged his life.Moomi nsummer Madn essBy Tove JansoonWhat I love about this book, as a child and still today, is its mix of the fantastical andnormal.On the one hand it s

57、 about a family and their friends all enjoying themselves quitehappy not doing much.On the other hand, it s about characters that can change intostrange shapes magicians coming down from the moon and strange creatures coming outfrom the roof.That mix of the familiar and extraord inary in forms all m

58、ywriting.The HistoriesBy HerodotusBy the time I was 12， I was attracted by Ancient Greece and Rome.At first， I found the earlysection of The Histories really boring because it s like a long story that never gets to thepoint.In the second half I was rewarded with the stories I for，like the battles of

59、 Marathon，Salamis and Thermopylae.Over the year，s I came to value the infectious curiosity of thefirst half and the description of the world in the fifth century BC seen through the eyes ofthis extraordinary Greek historian.A Distant MirrorBy Barbara W TuchmanTuchman s booTkhe Guns of August won the

60、 Pulitzer Prize，but it s this slightly less wellknown work that provided me with a role model for my own writing.Both scholarly（學(xué)術(shù)的）and interesting, it s a description of the 14th centuriyn Western Europe and bringsmedieval civilization（中世紀(jì)文明）to life , transporting the reader back to the horror of theBlack Dea