高中英語必修三知識(shí)點(diǎn)外研版

1、必修三Module 1be located/ situated ( on/ in / to) = lie/ stand (on/ in/ to)位于的；坐落于的；處于地位（狀態(tài)的）我們學(xué)校坐落于一個(gè)美麗的地方，周圍有青山綠水環(huán)繞。Our school is situated in the beautiful place, with green mountains and clear rivers around. situation n. 立場(chǎng)；局勢(shì)；形勢(shì) in a situation 處于.狀況中；在形勢(shì)下 1). In the present situation, I wouldnt adv

2、ise you to sell your house. 在目前的形勢(shì)下， 2). Youre putting me in a very embarrassing situation. 你使我處于非常尷尬的境地。 3). With no rain for three months and food supplies running out, the situation here is getting worse.三個(gè)月無雨，食品供應(yīng)也將消耗殆盡，這里情況越來越糟糕了。face1). face up to 勇敢面對(duì)（接受并處理） (be) faced with 面對(duì)；面臨 face (to the

3、) south/north/east/west 面朝南/北/東/西 2). face to face 面對(duì)面(地) in (the) face of 面對(duì)；在面前 make a face at 向做鬼臉 save/lose face 保全/丟面子 to ones face 當(dāng)著某人的面 stare sb. in the face 盯著某人 turn red in the face 漲紅了臉be+過去分詞+介詞（這些詞作狀語或定語時(shí)用ed形式,be 去掉）be faced with； be compared withbe seated； be hidden；be lost / absorbed/

4、occupied in be abandoned/ addicted to（沉溺于）； be born； be dressed ； be tired of （厭煩）等表示 “某物在哪個(gè)方向”可用 south/north/east/west等，構(gòu)成以下幾種表達(dá)方式。(1). is in the south of 在的南部（在內(nèi)部） is on the south of 在的南邊（接壤） is to the south of 在以南（在外部） is south of 在的南部（不指明在內(nèi)部還是外部）(2). 把表示方位、地點(diǎn)的介詞或副詞短語放在句首，句子用完全倒裝語序。.Jiangsu is on

5、 the south of Shandong. South of Shandong is Jiangsu.East of our school lies a railway.倍數(shù)表示法： asasA is (more than) times -er than B 倍數(shù) the N. of size, length, height, weight主謂一致三原則：語法一致的原則： 語法一致的原則是指主語為單、復(fù)數(shù)與謂語動(dòng)詞要相呼應(yīng)。但要注意一些特殊情況；1）以along with, together with, with, as well as, accompanied by, rather th

6、an, but, except 連接的兩個(gè)主語，其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)以第一個(gè)主語為主。例如：Several passengers, together with the driver, were hurt.2）表示時(shí)間，重量，長度，價(jià)格等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語從整體來看時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：Fifty years is not a long time.3） 非謂語動(dòng)詞，從句或其他短語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Early to bed and early to rise is healthful.4）如果主語是由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，但前面有each, every, no 等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語用

7、單數(shù)。例如： Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.意義一致的原則： 意義一致的原則指謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達(dá)的概念，而不取決于表面的語法標(biāo)志，主要表現(xiàn)為某些集體名詞后可跟動(dòng)詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。如果這些集體名詞指整體概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指具體成員時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：The population of the earth is increasing very fast. 類似這樣的集體名詞有： family, class, audience, committee （委員會(huì)）, crowd, crew, gro

8、up, party, population, team, public, council （理事會(huì)）, village等。就近原則： 所謂就近原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于離它最近的詞語，而無須考慮其他的詞。1） 以eitheror, or, neithernor和not onlybut also連接的兩個(gè)主語，其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與離謂語最近的主語保持一致。例如：Either you or he has to go there with me. 2） 由there或here引起的主語，而又不止是一個(gè)時(shí)，采取就近原則。例如： Here is a pen, a few envelopes and

9、some paper for you.謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況：many a more than one Many a student was deeply moved by the film.Every and every/noand no/eachand each Each boy and each girl has seen the film.one and a halfaor two One and a half bananas was eaten by that monkey.nobody, everything, no one, something Everything was pre

10、pared.a/the (and) 指同一人、事物或概念 The League secretary and monitor has come.錢、時(shí)間、長度等 $300 is not enough for us to travel.the number of The number of the books is 37.a great deal of / a large amount of A large amount of money was spent. to do/ doing 作主語When and where to build the factory is not decided.謂語

11、動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況：a great number of (a great) many/ a few A great number of trees have been planted .large quantities of Large quantities of land were destroyed.people, police, cattle(牛) The police say they have caught the thieves.謂語動(dòng)詞用單/復(fù)數(shù)的情況：the rest (of )/ some Give you a glass of water, and the rest is l

12、eft for me. Some students are cleaning the floor and the rest are washing the windows. the family, the class, the group, team, public, means, sheep, deer, The class consists of 20 boys and 20 girls. The class are doing experiments. the population The population is increasing fast. Two thirds of the

13、population here are farmers. all All worksout well.All are eager to reach an agreement. What 從句/ 倒裝句 What we need is water. What we need are books. 定語從句 He is the only one of the students who has been to Shanghai. He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai.as well as, (together) with, like(

14、像), but, rather than, including He, rather than you, is to blame. The mother tiger, together with her baby tigers is playing on the grass. Nobody but we knows the matter. not only but also neithernor or There be Either you or he is to be sent abroad. Are either you or he to be sent abroad? There is

15、a table and two desks.必修三Module21. till ：直到up to sth be fit for ：勝任be busy in doing sth ：忙著做be up to sb=be left to sb to decide ：由決定/ 負(fù)責(zé)1）I can take up to four people in my car. 我的汽車最多能做四個(gè)人2）I have never heard from her up to now. 我至今也沒有她的音訊。3）Whats he up to ? 他在忙什么？4) Its up to you to decide where w

16、e go for a picnic.由你決定我們應(yīng)去哪兒野餐。5）李平不能勝任他的工作。Li Ping is not up to his job.6)這個(gè)帳篷至多能睡十人。Up to ten people can sleep in this tent.2. measuremeasure sth in/by sth用···來衡量，用···來計(jì)算 take measures to do采取措施做某事1）People in Los Angels measure distance in time, not miles.翻譯洛杉磯人用時(shí)間來計(jì)算

17、（兩地）距離而不是用英里數(shù)。2）The Chinese government is taking effective measuresto develop the economy.中國政府正在采取強(qiáng)有力的措施來發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)。3. sure1) make sure表示“務(wù)必”，“確信”，“弄明白”，后面常接 of/about sth.或that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 Make sure(that) you will arrive there on time. 你務(wù)必準(zhǔn)時(shí)到這。 I know theres a train this afternoon, but I must make sure of the

18、 time.我知道今天下午有列火車，但我必須弄清楚(發(fā)車)時(shí)間。2）be sure of, be sure that 對(duì)···有把握，對(duì)···確定，確信Can we be sure of his honesty. /Can we be sure that he is honest? 我們能相信他是誠實(shí)的？ Im sure of winning the game. 我有把握能贏得比賽。 3) be sure to do 說話人推測(cè)主語“一定；必然會(huì)”或 (常用于祈使句)務(wù)必做某事He is sure to be back soon. 他

19、一定會(huì)很快回來。 Be sure not to forget it. 千萬別忘了。 注意：be sure of 與be sure to do的區(qū)別： .He is sure of his success. =He is sure that he will succeed. 他確信他會(huì)成功。 .He is sure to succeed. 他一定會(huì)成功。(說話人的看法) . Be sure to write and tell me all your news. 務(wù)必來信把你所有情況都告訴我。另外，常見的與sure相關(guān)的短語還有：be sure of oneself 有自信心，for sure的確

20、；確實(shí)地， sure enough果真，果然。 用于口語，此時(shí)的“Sure.”相當(dāng)于“Of course.” 與“Certainly.”。 4. From the agreement came the Human Development Report. 表示方位或方式的副詞和介詞短語放在句首用完全倒裝, 即謂語動(dòng)詞完全置于主語之前。At the foot of the mountain lies a small village. 在山腳下有一個(gè)小村莊。Out rushed the children. 孩子們沖了出去。 Here comes the bus. 車來了。(To the) south

21、 of our school stand many shops. 【部分倒裝】only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句，放于句首否定副詞never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom等放于句首 so+adj/adv+(倒裝)+ that1. Only when he returned did we find out the truth (We found out the truth only when he returned.)2. Never before have I seen such a moving film.(I have never seen such

22、 a moving film before)3. So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.(He speaks English so clearly that)5. figure n./v.1).He had always looked upon Sarah as a kind of mother figure. 形象2).How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much? 體形3).He was the out

23、standing political figure of his time. 人物 v. 4).I figured that he was drunk and shouldnt be allowed to drive. 認(rèn)為5).It took me hours to figure those problems out. 分析；想出6).Women. I just cant figure them out. 理解7).Many economists have been figuring out what makes China develop so fast. 分析8).指望figure on

24、6 S.+ be + adj. + to do easy/ good/ safe/comfortable/ dangerous/hard/ difficult1).The water is not pure to drink (drink)2).He needs a chair comfortable to sit on.(sit )3).The young man felt the room cold to live in (live) 必修三Module 31.occur 過去式occurred 過去分詞occurred1)發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)Earthquakes occur frequently

25、 in this area. 2) sth occur to sb某人想到，某事浮現(xiàn)腦海It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble. A brilliant idea occurred to me. 【回憶“發(fā)生”】.A big earthquake occurred /happened in the south of China last month. .It occurred to me that she didnt know I had moved into the new house. .I happened to see h

26、im on my way home. = It happened that I saw him on my way home. . A fire broke out in the hospital in the mid-night. . After the flood, diseases broke out here and there. .Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.How did it come about that such a short journey took su

27、ch a long time.wordsmeaningsoccur 偶然發(fā)生；突然想起 It occurred to sb. that .happen偶然發(fā)生；碰巧 It happened that / sb. happen to do sth.break out (戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、疾病、爭(zhēng)吵) 突然爆發(fā)take place (有計(jì)劃地)發(fā)生; 舉行 strike 打擊，撞擊，（雷電，暴風(fēng)雨等）襲擊， 過去式struck 過去分詞struck / strickenThe clock struck five. 敲打A powerful earthquake struck

28、 the island early this morning. 襲擊I was struck by its beauty. 被打動(dòng)At this point, it suddenly struck me that I was wasting my time. 浮現(xiàn); 使人想起【注意區(qū)分】strike, hit, beat, knockstrike “(鐘)敲打，撞擊，襲擊”， 表示有力的打一下。beat 連續(xù)地打，心臟的跳動(dòng)，在游戲、競(jìng)賽或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中擊敗對(duì)方，也可表示毆打，體罰。hit 瞄準(zhǔn)某物而擊中。也可表示“襲擊”knock 用拳頭或硬的東西“敲、擊、打必修二Module 4strength

29、n.【辨析】：strength, force, energy, power Union is strength. Knowledge is power.I shall do everything in my power to help you. (注：盡力幫助do everything in ones power to do).The law remains in force. （法律仍舊有效。）.Young people usually have more energy than the old.【總結(jié)】：wordsmeaningsstrength著重指人的力氣，物的強(qiáng)度。force自然力量

30、；暴力，勢(shì)力；法律，道德，感情力量；軍事力量等energy主要指人的精力；自然界的能量power用途最廣，包括能力，功能；事物的力量；職權(quán)，權(quán)力或政權(quán)sothat/ such that.so that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句so+ adj./ adv. + that 從句他跑的如此快，沒人能趕上他。He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.so+ adj.+ a/an+n.+that 從句他是這么好的一個(gè)男孩，我們大家都喜歡他。He is so good a boy that all of us like him.so+many/much/l

31、ittle/few+n.+that從句他如此博學(xué)，所以被大學(xué)錄取。He has so much knowledge that he is admitted into the college.suchthat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句such+a/an +adj.+n. +that從句他是這么好的一個(gè)男孩，我們大家都喜歡他。He is such a good boy that all of us like him.such+ adj. +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句天氣如此好，我們都想去公園散步。It is such fine weather that we want to take a walk

32、in the park.【特別注意】：so little (少)+n./ such little (小)+n. (用so或such填空)He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.It is not surprising that such little worms eat so little grain.當(dāng)so 或such 置于句首時(shí)，主句要用倒裝語序。 這個(gè)男孩如此害怕， 以至于不知該怎么做。The boy was so frightened that he didnt know what to do.改為倒裝句

33、：So frightened was the boy that he didnt know what to do.appear to/ It appears that He is only forty , but appears to be (be) quite old. It appears to me thatThe girl appears to have known (know) it. 這女孩好像已經(jīng)知道了這件事。It appears to me that you are all mistaken. 我覺得你們?nèi)e(cuò)了。 make +it + adj. + to do The heav

34、y rain made it impossible for us to get there on time. (這場(chǎng)大雨使我們不可能按時(shí)到達(dá)那里了)。His explanation made it easy for us to understand the text. (他的解釋使我們理解課文容易了)【拓展】 make + it +n. +to doHe made it a rule to read aloud and recite ten English words every morning.( 他把每天早晨大聲朗讀，背10 個(gè)英語單詞作為一項(xiàng)規(guī)定)to do不定式結(jié)構(gòu) : to do (

35、否定) not to do 時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài) 主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式 to do  to be done進(jìn)行式 to be doing  -完成式 to have done  to have been done 完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing -用法(1). 主To see is to believe.Its important to learn .不定式作主語時(shí),往往放在謂語之后,用it作形式主語.(2). 表My job is to help the patient.Your task i

36、s to clean the classroom.(3) 賓I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：hope, refuse, learn, set outchoose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. (4). 賓warn, tell, allow, help, ask, forceTh

37、e teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.五看watch see look at observe notice三使let make have二聽listen to hear一感覺: feel不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.She could do nothing but cry.I have no choice but to go.What do you like to do

38、besides sleep.注：在cant but ，cant help but ，cant choose but （意思是不得不，只能，只好），的結(jié)構(gòu)后， 不定式不帶to(5). 定語I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則不定式中要有介詞.)不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后。不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：動(dòng)賓

39、關(guān)系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。主謂關(guān)系He is always the first to come.他總是第一個(gè)來。同位關(guān)系We all have a chance to go to college.我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，即使是及物動(dòng)詞，不定式后面仍須有相應(yīng)的介詞。 不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live.他沒錢沒地方住。something, anything, nothing

40、, everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。注意比較：Do you have anything to send?你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you）Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？ （不定式to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someone else）(6) 狀I(lǐng) came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too

41、.to.,(7).獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth關(guān)于小品詞to 不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要省略該動(dòng)詞.eg: Would you like to go with me ? Id like to .不定式是to be 結(jié)構(gòu), be 不可省.eg: Would you like to be a teacher? Id like to be.不定式與疑問詞who,which, when, how, what 等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、

42、表語、賓語等。He didnt know what to say.他不知道說什么。(賓語) How to solve the problem is very important.如何解決這個(gè)問題很重要。(主語) My question is when to start.我的問題是什么時(shí)候開始。(表語)注意：在與why連用時(shí)，只用于why或why not開頭的簡(jiǎn)短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。Why not have a rest?固定句型:had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事Why (not) do sth.?prefer to do/prefer doingprefer n./doing to n./doing prefer to do rather than (to) do would rather (not) do sth.would rather do than (do) would rather