譯林牛津版高二英語(yǔ)必修五unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)及語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

1、譯林牛津版高二英語(yǔ)必修五unit1 知識(shí)點(diǎn)及語(yǔ)法總結(jié)Welcome to the unit &ReadingI. 重點(diǎn)單詞1. betray. vt.1) 出賣；背叛 He would rather die than betray his country to the enemy.2) 顯露；泄露 The expression on her face betrays her anger.2. pretend. vt/vi1)vt. 假裝，佯裝, 后接不定式和從句做賓語(yǔ)。She pretended to be reading. 她假裝在看書。2）vi. 假裝She wasnt reall

2、y crying, she was only pretending. 3. admit. vt1) 承認(rèn)；供認(rèn)admit doing sth. 承認(rèn)做某事 admit to sb. 向某人承認(rèn)He admitted his crime. 2) 許可進(jìn)入，準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入 admit sb. to/into- 接納某人進(jìn)入.; 吸收某人參加.He is admitted to Nanjing University this year. 3) 容納, 容許The cinema admits about 2000 people. 4) admit of 容許有; 有.可能; 容有.的余地His illnes

3、s admits of no delay. 4. swear. vt/vi 發(fā)誓；鄭重承諾；咒罵swear to sb. / swear that 從句 向某人承諾發(fā)誓swearswore -sworn5. focus. n/vt/vi1) n. 焦點(diǎn)，注意力put focus on 集中注意力于.2) vi/vtfocus on集中注意力于.近義詞組：concentrate on pay full attention to devote to6. guilty. adj 有罪的1) be guilty of “犯了罪”In the process of gaining our rightfu

4、l place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. 2)be found guilty 被判決有罪Maggie could be sentenced to up to three years in prision if (he was) found guilty.7. remark. Vt / n 評(píng)論make remarks on sth = make comments on sth 對(duì)作出評(píng)論8. apologize. vi 道歉apologize to sb=make an apology to sb 向某人道歉9. sensitive.

5、adj 敏感的;體貼的 be sensitive to 對(duì)體貼，敏感10. blame. n/vt 責(zé)備1) n. put blame on sb 責(zé)備某人2) vt. blame sb for sth 因某事責(zé)備某人 blame sth on sb 把某事歸咎于某人 He blamed his faiure on his teacher.sb be to blame= sb should be blamed 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)You are to blame. 你應(yīng)該受責(zé)備。11. gifted. adj = talented 有天賦的1) be gifted for/as 有天賦2) have

6、 a gift for有天賦II. 重點(diǎn)詞組1. beg sb to do sth 懇求某人做某事2. stare at 凝視glare at 怒視gaze at 瞪眼看3. keep ones word 守諾言break ones word 食言have a word with 與交談have a words with 與吵架4. feel like doing 想要做某事sound like 聽(tīng)起來(lái)像5. go straight to 徑直去6. spy on 監(jiān)視watch over 看管7. keep pace with 與協(xié)調(diào)一致keep up with 跟上8. as a resu

7、lt of 由于because of= due to=owing to 由于as a result 結(jié)果result in 導(dǎo)致result from 源于，由于9. turn into 轉(zhuǎn)變成turn up 出現(xiàn)，出席turn out 結(jié)果是turn sb down 拒絕turn around 轉(zhuǎn)身；逆轉(zhuǎn)turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向10. as well as 和as well 也 may as well 不如不妨11. shout at 朝大喊( 生氣，憤怒)shout to朝大喊（指遠(yuǎn)處）12. make some cruel remarks 咒罵某人，說(shuō)壞話13. even though 即使

8、14. can not help doing sth 禁不住做某事cant help but do sth 只好做某事cant help to do sth 不能幫助做某事15. accuse sb of sth 指控某人某事inform. of 告知approve of 同意warn of 警告III.重點(diǎn)句式1. I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good mark. （page 2）（1）“must+完成時(shí)”

9、表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情語(yǔ)氣比較肯定的推測(cè)。對(duì)現(xiàn)在推測(cè)，用must be. They must have been laughing behind my back. (page 2） 他們?cè)谖冶澈笠欢ㄊ切Φ煤喜粩n嘴。 “must+完成時(shí)”結(jié)構(gòu)的反義疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)根據(jù)must后的動(dòng)詞形式采用相應(yīng)的形式，可用have (has)，也可用did。但若句中出現(xiàn)了過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，則只能用did。He must have read it, hasnt /didnt he? 他一定讀過(guò)它，是嗎?He must have left yesterday, didnt he? 他昨天一定走了，是嗎? 表示推測(cè)的否定結(jié)構(gòu)要

10、用“can not /cant”, 或者是can +其他具有否定意義的副詞。例如：You cant be tired youve only been working for an hour. 你不可能疲倦，你只工作了一小時(shí)。（2）., saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good mark 是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞doing做原因狀語(yǔ)；how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good mark 是how 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句做say的賓語(yǔ)。2. I thought that Hannah must

11、 have told everyone about my grades after promising me not to.（page 2） 1) must have told 表示對(duì)過(guò)去推測(cè)； 2）after promising me not to=after she promised not to tell anyone. a. after引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)she與主句的主語(yǔ)Hannah 一致時(shí)，從句的she 可以省略，同時(shí)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞promised 要變成非謂語(yǔ)形式promising; b. promising me not to 屬于 to do 不定式省略動(dòng)詞do 的情

12、況，在某些動(dòng)詞后，如：promise, like, hope, want 等，為避免與上一句to do中的動(dòng)詞重復(fù)，可省略to后的動(dòng)詞。3. I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me. （page 3）1）if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me為wonder 的賓語(yǔ)從句2）wonder vt. (對(duì)).感到奇怪; 想知道，不知道 I wonder if/whether you 可用來(lái)客氣地提出請(qǐng)求；wonder后可

13、接其他連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：I wonder if youd give me some advice. I wonder who he is, where he came from and why he came. wonder后可接“疑問(wèn)詞動(dòng)詞不定式”作賓語(yǔ)：例如：They waited and wondered what to do. there is no wonder that 從句 ： 難怪.There is no wonder that you were late for school, for your bike broke down.4. He accuse me of

14、some bad things just to hurt me. (page 3）1) accuse sb of sth= charge sb with sth 指控某人.2）just to hurt me屬于非謂語(yǔ)to do形式，在句中做目的狀語(yǔ)，類似的詞組還有：only to (表示出乎意料的結(jié)果)，in order to/ so as to (表示目的)5. If so, the problem lies with you, not her.（page 5）(1) If so是個(gè)條件從句，so代替上文內(nèi)容。not也有同樣用法，構(gòu)成省略句式：if not。又如：She may not be

15、 free today. 她今天可能沒(méi)空。 If so, well have to put the meeting off. 如果是這樣，這會(huì)就得延后了。Get up early tomorrow, if not (you dont get up early), you will miss the first bus. 明天你得早起，否則（你不早起），你會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)首班車。(2)lie with“是的責(zé)任；取決于”。例如： The solution to the problem lies with you. 解決該問(wèn)題的辦法落在你的肩上。7. I have no doubt he will succ

16、eed.（page 7）doubt作名詞常用句型 have no doubt意為“毫無(wú)疑義；毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)”，其中doubt是名詞。例如： I for one have no doubt that hes lying. There is no doubt that“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)”, that從句是同位語(yǔ)從句。例如： There is no doubt that Mary is qualified for the job. no/without/beyond doubt“無(wú)疑地；必定”The truth of the report is beyond all doubt. He was without d

17、oubt the very worst kind of reporter. Those who left were attracted, no doubt, by higher pay. Task &ProjectI. 重點(diǎn)單詞1. acquaintance. n 泛泛之交 make acquaintance with sb 結(jié)識(shí)某人2. anchor. n. 錨；vt. 扎根于be anchored in=be based on 根植于3. attitude. n. 看法，態(tài)度have positive attitude towards sth/sb4. cautious. adj

18、小心謹(jǐn)慎的be cautious about=be careful aboutcaution. N 小心5. eager. adj 急切的be eager to do =be dying for = long for= look forward toeagerness. N6. respond.vi 回應(yīng)，回復(fù)respond to 回復(fù)reply to 回應(yīng)react to 回應(yīng)response.n 回復(fù)in response to sth 對(duì)做出回復(fù)7. mercy. n 仁慈at the mercy of 在的支配下8. committed. adj 盡心盡力的be committed t

19、o doing sth= be devoted to doing=be absorbed in doing=concentrate on doing=be bent on doing=be occupied in doing 投入做某事commit. Vt 致力于commit to doing sth 致力于做某事commit to sth 致力于某事commit suicide 自殺commit crime犯罪9. regardless. Adv不管，不顧regardless of = in despite of= despite +名詞或名詞性從句，意為“ 盡管”regard. Vt 看做

20、regardas = think of as= look on as= consideras II. 重點(diǎn)詞組1. get through 接通電話；渡過(guò)get on/along with 與相處get over 克服get across 使明白2. be anchored in 根植于3. be based on 以為基礎(chǔ)sb baseon 某人把基于之上on the basis of 在的基礎(chǔ)上4. regardless of 不管不顧5. end up 結(jié)果end up+形容詞/ done/ doing/ 介詞短語(yǔ)，表結(jié)果是end in 結(jié)果是in the end 最后6. rely o

21、n 依賴depend on 依賴 依靠7. thanks to 幸虧but for = thanks to +名詞表示與事實(shí)相反時(shí)，主句用虛擬語(yǔ)態(tài)，例如：Thanks to your help, we would not have finished the task.8. get along with 與相處get along with sb 與某人相處get along with sth 某事進(jìn)展9. have different attitudes towards 對(duì)有不同的看法10. be cautious about 對(duì)小心謹(jǐn)慎11. be eager to 急切盼望.12. on t

22、he way to sp 在去的路上on the way to doing 即將.in this way 如此一來(lái)in the way 擋道，礙事13. have a quarrel with 與某人爭(zhēng)吵quarrel with sb與某人爭(zhēng)吵14. make an apology 道歉apologize to sb道歉15. in conclusion 總結(jié)in a word總之in short 簡(jiǎn)言之in all 總共in brief 簡(jiǎn)言之16. look back on 回顧look through 看穿；瀏覽look down upon 小看，瞧不起look up to 敬仰look

23、 into 調(diào)查III. 重點(diǎn)句式1. They are still sitting on the sofa, continuing the same conversation on the same topic.continuing the same conversation on the same topic,在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，主句主語(yǔ)they與continue是主謂關(guān)系，故用doing非謂語(yǔ)形式。2. When asked, they usually hesitate before responding.此句完整形式為 When they were asked, they usually

24、 hesitate before they respond. 屬于狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，當(dāng)狀從的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，從句的主語(yǔ)可省略，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。3. We have to realize: boys share activities, while girls share feelings.1） while 意為“然而”，并列連詞表對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折。2） while還可意為“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句=though, 例如：while the weather is terrible, they still arrived here on time 4. The qualities t

25、hat boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same, regardless of the basis of these friendship.1） that boys and girls consider important in a friend 是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是qualities; 2） seem to do 表示“似乎，好像”，屬于to do 非謂語(yǔ)形式，其形式還有：seem to be doing( 表進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))/ seem to have done(表示過(guò)去已完成)3） regardless

26、of 表示盡管，做讓步狀語(yǔ)。5. I end up returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room.end up+形容詞/ done/ doing/ 介詞短語(yǔ)，表結(jié)果是,例如：1） He ends up successful after years of efforts.2） He ends up in prison because he was charged with robbery.3） He ends up finishing the task ahead of ti

27、me.4） His efforts end up paid off.6. Friendship means being committed to others.1) mean. vt.意謂, 想要, 預(yù)定 vi.用意, 有意義 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味著做某事I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.He means this house for his daughter.習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)： be meant to do照道理，照規(guī)矩；應(yīng)該，必須；得要；He was meant for /

28、to be a doctor.mean sb. for準(zhǔn)備讓某人干某工作mean much to sb. 對(duì)某人很重要; 對(duì)某人很可貴mean a great deal mean. adj.低劣的, 卑鄙的, 普通的, 吝嗇的, 簡(jiǎn)陋的,不舒服的 Peter's father was very mean; he never gave Peter any new clothes.2) be committed to sb 表示對(duì)某人很投入，真誠(chéng) 7. The best way to have a friend is to be a friend.to have a friend系to d

29、o 非謂語(yǔ)形式做后置定語(yǔ)；to be a friend 是to do 非謂語(yǔ)形式做表語(yǔ)。 Grammar: to do/ doing語(yǔ)法知識(shí) :非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一、動(dòng)詞不定式 The Infinitive Form of Verbs動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式之一，它不能充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，但具有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主要特征，即時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化；可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。1. 不定式的形式肯定式to do sth.Hed like to play basketball this afternoon.否定式not to do sth.No one likes to be looked down upon.進(jìn)行

30、體to be doing sth.He pretended to be reading when the teacher came in.完成體to have done sth.He seemed to have known the result.被動(dòng)式to be doneHe certainly deserves to be sent to prison.完成被動(dòng)式to have been doneHe seems to have been elected a model worker.2不定式的用法不定式可以用來(lái)做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、獨(dú)立成分，表示比較具體的意義。（1）做主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)

31、詞不定式短語(yǔ)To master a foreign language is no easy job.To see this film is to waste time.To solve this problem is out of the question 為平衡整個(gè)句子，避免頭重腳輕，常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正主語(yǔ)不定式放后面，用于這種形式是一些特定的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1）謂語(yǔ)部分是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語(yǔ)是某些形容詞或名詞。例如：It is foolish to act in this way.It sounds reasonable to do it this way.It appears likel

32、y for them to arrive. It is a good idea to think this way.2）某些動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)時(shí)。例如：It took much time to do this.It makes us excited to think about that.It needs hard work to finish the job.It does no good to say like that.(2) 做表語(yǔ)表示打算、計(jì)劃、命令和要求，有時(shí)可見(jiàn)用appear, seem, happen等做系動(dòng)詞，常做主語(yǔ)的名詞有：wish, aim, duty, hope, idea,

33、 mistakes, plan, purpose, suggestion.等抽象名詞，也可以是what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。例如：Such questions are to be avoided.What he said proved to be true. He seems to be ill.(3) 做定語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)時(shí)不定式一般緊跟其所修飾名詞或代詞后面。例如：He kept on saying really mean thing to hurt me.He was the first one to come this morning.He didnt have the chance to go t

34、o school in the past.如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)注意其相應(yīng)介詞的搭配。例如：He has nothing to worry about.She is a very nice person to work with.There was only a small cold room to live in at that time.(4) 作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)可以表示目的、原因和結(jié)果。 表目的常用in order to, so as to, so+形容詞/副詞+as to，such+名詞+as to等結(jié)構(gòu)但so as to只能放在主句之后。Check your homework

35、so as to avoid mistakes. She goes home (in order) to see her grandmother every week. 表結(jié)果常用only to do, enough to do, tooto do等句型，不定式短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)具有“意料之外”之意。He is too excited to speak anything.I hurried to his house, only to find him out.原因 She seemed s

36、urprised to see us. He is sorry for what he did to think of his past. 不定式作條件狀語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常含有will, shall, should, would, can, must等。 You will do better to get her support. You must get u

37、p early not to miss the train. 不定式作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常采用as if 或 as though + to 的結(jié)構(gòu)，其意為“好像要”。He raised his hand as if to hit me. She took out a pen and a piece of 

38、;paper as though to write something. (5) 做賓語(yǔ) 某些及物動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ), 以下及物動(dòng)詞常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)：agree, ask, attempt, begin, care, choose, continue, decide, desire, determine, expect, forget, hate,hope,intend, learn, like, love,

39、0;manage, mean, offer, prefer,pretend,promise, refuse, start, try, want, undertake,  wish等。例如：I want to tell you about Zhao Jie. (page 7)We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. Mary

40、 begged to go with us. 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如其后有補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則可以用先行語(yǔ)it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式后移，用于該形式的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：believe, consider, declare, feel, guess, imagine, judge, know, make, prove, realize, report, see, show, suppose, think, understand, find等。例如：I felt it useless for us

41、60;to say anything further. I made it a rule to get up early, take a cold bath, and then do some running. I consider it better not to go. (6) 做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的及物動(dòng)詞或

42、短語(yǔ)可以接帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)。例如：I shall try to persuade her to see the doctor. The villagers didnt allow them to do this. I will ask them to leave the company. I shall persuade him to take the medic

43、ine.He called on his friends to help him. 不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)也有一些及物動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，常見(jiàn)的有使役動(dòng)詞類：make, let, have；感官動(dòng)詞類：see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel等。但在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中要帶to (let除外)。例如：Someone saw him enter my room. He was seen to enter 

44、my room.The boy made the baby laugh by making a face at him.The baby was made to laugh by making a face at him.(7)“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”相當(dāng)于這些疑問(wèn)代詞和副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)該形式的動(dòng)詞有：decide, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, remember, see, settle, think, understand, wonder等，在句子中可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。例如：What to do next has no

45、t been decided. = What will do next has not been decided.What worries me most is how to do it. = What worries me most is how we will do it.I dont know when to leave. = I dont know when we will leave.It is not yet decided whether to discuss this.= It is not yet decided whether we will discuss this.(8

46、) 不定式的省略動(dòng)詞不定式中再次出現(xiàn)與前面相同的動(dòng)詞只留下不定式符號(hào)to, 省略其他以避免重復(fù)。例如：I thought that Hannah must have deliberately told everyone about my mark after promising not to (tell everyone about my mark).We wont tell anyone about your call unless you want us to (tell anyone about your call).Will you join us?

47、60; I should love to (join you).   The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him not to (ride his bicycle in the street).(9) 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，若其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子主語(yǔ)

48、或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則可以用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)。the important thing to remember is that both of them are friendships. (page 18) 但有時(shí)既可用主動(dòng)形式也可用被動(dòng)形式，意思不太一樣。比較：Have you anything to send? (to send 的執(zhí)行者是“你”。)Have you anything to be sent? (to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是 “他人”。) 形容詞easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，nice，dangerous，comfortable， ex

49、citing, funny, heavy, important, good, interesting等后面接不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義, 可用it做形式主語(yǔ)的句型替換。This book is easy to read. = It is easy to read the book.（這本書很容易讀。）We found the man difficult to deal with. =It is difficult for us to deal with the man.（我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)人很難對(duì)付。） 在tooto中, 不定式的主動(dòng)式可以表示被動(dòng)意義。The plane is too f

50、ar away to see.(10) 動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“for sb. to do sth.”可充當(dāng)多種句子成分。一般情況下，不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者就是句子的主語(yǔ)。有時(shí)不定式的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者不是句子的主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)不定式for sb.來(lái)充當(dāng)不定式to do sth.的邏輯主語(yǔ)。例如：I dont think it advisable for him to learn medicine. (賓語(yǔ))This is for you to d

51、ecide. (表語(yǔ))She waved the red flag for the car to stop. (狀語(yǔ))The article is too difficult for a child of ten to understand. (狀語(yǔ))The order for them to climb the mountai

52、n was given. (定語(yǔ)) For a child to learn everything is impossible. (主語(yǔ)) 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常見(jiàn)用兩種特定句型: “It is + adj. for / of sb. to do sth.” 和 “It is + n. of sb. to do sth”。1) 在 “It isfor /of sb. to do sth.”句型中，for sb.和of sb. 有區(qū)別。for sb.前應(yīng)是表事物性質(zhì)的形容詞如eas

53、y, important, necessary, possible等，sb和這些形容詞邏輯主謂關(guān)系不能成立。而of sb. 前應(yīng)是表性格特征的形容詞如good, kind, nice, brave, clever, careless, foolish, silly, stupid等，其邏輯主謂關(guān)系能夠成立。例：It is easy for us to understand the sentence. We are easy邏輯主謂關(guān)系不能成立故用介詞for。It is clever of you to do that.You are clever邏輯主謂關(guān)系能夠成立故用介詞of。It is r

54、ight/wrong for/of you to do that.形容詞right, wrong后接for sb和of sb都對(duì)。2) “It is + n. of sb. to do sth”句型中常見(jiàn)名詞多是抽象名詞如pleasure, pity, mistake, honor等，不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)其實(shí)對(duì)抽象名詞做了細(xì)節(jié)說(shuō)明。例如：It is a great mistake for them to agree with you. It is a matter of honor for us to keep our standards as high a

55、s possible. It is a great pleasure for me to live with you. (11) 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞不定式有不同的時(shí)態(tài)。一般式說(shuō)明行為在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的行為之后，多數(shù)是那些表愿望的詞：want; hope; expect等。I want to go home.I hope to see you.說(shuō)明行為與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的行為同時(shí)發(fā)生，多數(shù)是些省略不定式符號(hào)的詞，一般是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。I saw him come in.He helped him (to) carry things.完成式說(shuō)明行為動(dòng)詞在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的行為動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。I'm

56、sorry to have troubled you. He is said to have come here.He seemed to have known it.進(jìn)行式不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。它強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)進(jìn)行。They seemed to be getting along quite well. = It seemed that they were getting along quite well.二、動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞是一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，起名詞的作用，但帶有動(dòng)詞的特征，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。1. 動(dòng)名詞的形式：肯定

57、式doing sth.It will be nice getting scholarships to the university.否定式not doing sth.I am sorry for not having kept my promise.完成體having done sth.I remember having asked her to wait us.被動(dòng)式being doneI dont like being left at home in the evening.完成被動(dòng)式having been doneThe house showed no sign of having be

58、en damaged.2. 動(dòng)名詞的用法動(dòng)名詞句法作用表句 子 成 分例 句主 語(yǔ)Swimming is a best sport in summer.There is no telling what will happen.賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)We enjoyed seeing the film.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)I am thinking of taking over the job.介詞賓語(yǔ)After having finished his work, he went home. 表 語(yǔ)What like best is swimming in the sea.定 語(yǔ)He looked me

59、 with questioning eyes.(1) 做主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)表示比較抽象、習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性的意義，在傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法上和不定式做主語(yǔ)表具體意義有區(qū)別, 隨著語(yǔ)言不斷進(jìn)步, 這種區(qū)別正在逐漸消失。例如：Moving to a new town or area can be a trying time. (page 12)Saying is easier than doing. Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 為平衡整個(gè)句子，避免頭重腳輕，常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正主語(yǔ)不定式放后面，用于這種形式是一些特定的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1) 謂語(yǔ)部分是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語(yǔ)是某些形容詞。例如：Its interesting planning a holiday. Its rather tiring walking around in a city.2) 當(dāng)use，good，waste，bore，fun，shame，encouragement，等名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把作