人教版高一英語必修一Unit2知識(shí)梳理、重點(diǎn)詞匯解析及單元自測(cè)

1、人教版高一英語必修一Unit2知識(shí)梳理、重點(diǎn)詞匯解析及單元自測(cè)課文回憶1.詞匯練兵英語可以讓你想到那些詞匯English 英語 abroad 海外 language 語言 foreigner外國(guó)人speak 、say 說 listen聽 read讀 learn 學(xué)習(xí)等等2.說明文閱讀技巧：找全文或每段的the main point（中心話題）Paragraph1: The spread of English language in the world Paragraph2:Native speaker can understand each other but they may not be

2、able to understand everythingParagraph3:All languages change when cultures communicate with one another Paragraph4:English is spoken as a foreign language or second language in Africa and Asia 3.短語歸納1. 不只有一種英語 more than one kind of English2. 在一些重要方面 in some important ways3. 彼此不同 be different from on

3、e another4. 與現(xiàn)代英語不同 be different from modern / present day English 5. 世界英語 world Englishes6. 起著的重要作用 play an important role / part7. 起著越來越重要的作用 play a more and more /an increasingly important part / role8. 因?yàn)樗厥獾淖饔?because of its special role9. 國(guó)際語言 an international language10. 在16世紀(jì)末 at the end of

4、the 16 th century11. 在17世紀(jì)初 at the beginning of the 17 th century12. 在20世紀(jì)前期 in the early 20 th century13. 比以往任何時(shí)候都 than ever before14. 即使 even if / even though15. 以德語為基礎(chǔ) be based on German16. 使用更大的詞匯量 make use of a wider vocabulary17. 它自己的特色 its own identity18. 眾多講英語的人a very large number of English

5、 speakers19. 學(xué)英語的人數(shù) the number of people learning English20. 迅速增長(zhǎng)increase rapidly21. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語standard English22. 信不信由你 believe it or not23. 講最好的英語 speak excellent English24. 相鄰的城鎮(zhèn) neighboring towns 25. 從一個(gè)地方搬到另一個(gè)地方 move from one place to another26. 充分利用不同的方言 make full use of different dialects27. 目前的形勢(shì)

6、present situation28. 國(guó)際組織 an international organization29. 詞匯與慣用法 vocabulary and usage30. 辨認(rèn)出他的口音 recognize his accent31. 中西部地區(qū)的方言 midwestern dialect(s)32. 發(fā)出命令 give commands33. 提出客氣的請(qǐng)求 make a polite request要點(diǎn)提煉I詞語辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour【解釋】voyage: 去國(guó)外或較遠(yuǎn)地方的海上旅行journey:

7、指較遠(yuǎn)的從一地到另一地旅行travel: 一系列的旅程，尤指旅行的概念trip: (短途)旅行tour: 為了公務(wù)、娛樂或教育參觀多處名勝的旅行【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1). It is tiring to take a long _ by train from Paris to Moscow.2). The _ from England to Australia used to take several months.3). Well have time for a _ to France next weekend.4). We went on a guided _ rou

8、nd the castle.答案:1). journey 2). voyage 3). trip 4). tour1. recognize/realize/know(1)recognize 指原來很熟悉，經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的間隔或別的原因后又重新認(rèn)出來。(2)realize 強(qiáng)調(diào)在經(jīng)過一個(gè)過程后的了解。(3)know 是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，指互相間十分熟悉、十分了解應(yīng)用1(1)Only after you lose your health will you _ the importance of health.(2)I've _ Tom for years.(3)I _ him as soon as

9、 he came into the room2. frequent/common/ordinary/general/regular【解釋】frequent經(jīng)常的，時(shí)間或間歇很短的發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)common 通常的、常發(fā)生的、廣泛使用或眾所周知的ordinary指種類普通且不能從其他中加以區(qū)別的，有時(shí)含貶義general一般性的，到處的；不限于領(lǐng)域、地區(qū)或應(yīng)用regular平常的；慣例的；習(xí)慣性的、通常的或正常的【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1). This is a _ problem.2). He often makes _ errors of judgment.3)Look at

10、the trains _ schedule.4)The violinist gave a very _ performance marked by an occasional memory lapse.5)As a _ rule I am home by six.答案:1). common2). frequent 3). regular 4). ordinary 5). general2. such as/for example/that is/and so on(1)such as 用于列舉事物時(shí)常放在所列舉事物與前面的名詞之間，且其后不用逗號(hào)，直接跟所列舉的事物，可與 like互換。它所列

11、舉的事物的數(shù)量不能等同于前面所提的事物的總和，否則就用 that is或 namely。(2)for example 主要用于舉例說明，其前后多用符號(hào)隔開。其位置比較靈活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列舉的事物之前)。(3)that is 相當(dāng)于 namely，它所列舉的事物的總量等于前面所提到的事物的總和。(4)and so on 對(duì)幾個(gè)事物進(jìn)行列舉時(shí)，在說了其中的幾個(gè)以后，用.and so on進(jìn)行概括，說明還有例子，但不一一列出了。應(yīng)用2(1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, _， Chinese, maths,

12、 English and PE.(2)Overcooking, _， destroys many nutrients.(3)He can speak some other languages, _ French and German.(4)There are some books, pens, erasers _ in my bag.3. especially/ specially【解釋】especially意思是“尤其，特別”，表達(dá)事物的不尋常或特別重要specially 指為了某一目的，專門做某事【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1). Our city is very beaut

13、iful, _ in spring. 我們城市很美麗，尤其在春天。2). He came here _ to ask you for help. 他是專程來這里向你求助的。答案: 1). especially 2). specially 4 a number of / the number of【解釋】a number of意思是“若干；許多”the number of意思是“的數(shù)目”【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1). Today _ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly.2). _ books in th

14、e market are in English.答案: 1). the number of 2). A number ofII詞性變化 （旨在提供語法填空所需材料）1. actual adj. 實(shí)際的actually adv. 實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上2. base n. 基地；基礎(chǔ)base v. 以為根據(jù)basic adj. 基本的3. east n. 東方eastern adj. 東方的；東部的 【練習(xí)】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1) What did he _ say? (actual)2) The _ cost was much higher than we had expecte

15、d. (actual)3）My knowledge of physics is pretty _. (base)4）She used her family's history as a _ for her novel. (base)5）This novel is _ on historical facts. (base)6）He is interested in _ customs. (determine)7) The wind is blowing from the _. (determine)答案: 1) actually2) actual3) basic4) base5) bas

16、ed 6) eastern7) east重點(diǎn)詞匯1. present n. 禮物adj. 在場(chǎng)的；目前的vt. 贈(zèng)送 典例 1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.這輛山地自行車是父母給我的生日禮物。2). I am afraid I cant help you at present. 恐怕現(xiàn)在我沒法幫助你。3). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情況，我建議你等等。 重點(diǎn)用法at present=at the present time=now 目前，

17、現(xiàn)在be present at 出席；到場(chǎng)(反義： be absent from)present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送給某人1 All the people _ (出席晚會(huì)的)were her supporters.練習(xí) 中譯英1). 所有（那些）在場(chǎng)者一眼就看出那個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。2). 這本書是哥哥贈(zèng)送給我的。答案: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present. 2). This book was a present from my brother.2. command n.& v

18、. 命令；指令；掌握1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名軍官命令士兵們開火。重點(diǎn)用法 command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事 be under the command of 由指揮,由控制be in command of 控制 be at ones command 聽任某人支配have / take command of 指揮特別提醒 command后接that從句時(shí)要用虛擬語氣練習(xí) 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1). For the first time in years, she felt _ command of h

19、er life.2). The army is _ the kings direct command.3). The police arrived and took command _ the situation.答案: 1). in 2). under 3). of3. request n.& v. 請(qǐng)求；要求典例 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的請(qǐng)求能夠獲準(zhǔn)。. 2). I requested him to help. 我請(qǐng)求他幫忙。重點(diǎn)用法request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事request that sb (shoul

20、d) do 要求某人做某事 He requested me _ (write) a letter of recommendation. He requested that I _(write) a letter of recommendation. The passengers _(request) to show their passports. 練習(xí) 中譯英。1). 我是（特別）應(yīng)你要求而來。 2). 請(qǐng)不要吸煙。答案: 1). I came at your (special) request.2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke.擴(kuò)展=聯(lián)

21、想：像command一樣，其后的名詞性從句的謂語用“(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形”的常用詞有：一個(gè)“堅(jiān)持(insist)”；兩個(gè)“命令(order，command)”；三個(gè)“建議(suggest，advise，propose)”；四個(gè)“要求(demand，ask，require，request)”；4. recognize vt. 辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn)典例 1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根據(jù)她的紅色帽子認(rèn)出了她。2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir.

22、大家都承認(rèn)他為合法繼承人。重點(diǎn)用法recognizeby sth 認(rèn)出或識(shí)別某人/某事物 recognizeas sth 承認(rèn)某人/某事物是recognizeto be承認(rèn)是 recognize +賓語從句 意識(shí)到；承認(rèn)I recognize him_. (他是個(gè)聰明人).Though they hadnt met for many years，they _ (認(rèn)出了對(duì)方)at the first sight.練習(xí) 中譯英 1). 人們都承認(rèn)他是他們理所當(dāng)然的領(lǐng)袖。2). 我認(rèn)出他是我朋友的哥哥。答案: 1). He is recognized to be their natural lead

23、er.2). I recognized him as my friends brother.5. straight adj.筆直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直典例 1). This is a straight road. 這是一條直路。2). She went straight from school to university. 她中學(xué)一畢業(yè)就馬上進(jìn)了大學(xué)。練習(xí) 中譯英1).我的領(lǐng)帶系得正不正?2). 一直往前看。答案: 1). Is my tie straight? 2). Look straight ahead. 6. block vt. 堵塞；阻礙n. 街區(qū)；木塊；石塊典例 1).

24、He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方與此處相隔三條街. 2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了重點(diǎn)用法a block of 一大塊 block out 堵住 block off 封鎖；封閉 block up 堵塞；阻礙練習(xí) 中譯英1). 他們?cè)诶@樓群散步。2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往蘇格蘭的道路。答案:1). They are taking a walk round the block. 2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads

25、 into Scotland.7、actually adv. 實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上相近詞匯：in factas a matter of fact8gradual adj.逐漸的，逐步的gradually adv.逐漸地，逐步地9.native adj. 本地的，出生地的；天賦的n. 本地人；出生于某國(guó)的人be native to.原產(chǎn)于某地ones native country/land本國(guó)，祖國(guó)native place出生地ones native language本國(guó)語，本族語，母語a native of當(dāng)?shù)厝?產(chǎn)于的動(dòng)/植物即學(xué)即練1(1)China is our _， and Chinese

26、is our _.中國(guó)是我們的祖國(guó)，漢語是我們的母語。(2)The tiger _ India.這種虎產(chǎn)于印度。(3)He is _ Beijing.他是北京人。答案.native country; native language；is native to；a native of重點(diǎn)詞組 （旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）e up走近；上來；提出典例 1). The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. 小男孩向陌生人走去，并告訴他去警察局的路。3). It is certain

27、 that the question will come up at the meeting. 這個(gè)問題在會(huì)議上一定會(huì)被提出來的。5). I am afraid something urgent has come up. 恐怕發(fā)生了什么急事。短語歸納come across邂逅 come about發(fā)生 come at向撲來,攻擊come from 來自come out 出版;開花；結(jié)果是come up with想出come round 繞道而來 come down落下,塌下練習(xí) 用come構(gòu)成的詞組填空。1). The hunter walked across the forest when

28、suddenly a bear _ him. 2). The magazine _ once a month.3). I wish you can _ to England on your holiday.4). The engineers has _ new ways of saving energy.5). They _ an old school friend in the street this morning.答案: 1). came at 2). comes out 3). come over4). come up with5). came across2. make use of

29、 利用；使用典例 1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English. 你應(yīng)該好好利用機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)英語。短語歸納make good use of 好好利用make full use of 充分利用 make the best/most of 充分利用練習(xí)1). 要充分利用一切機(jī)會(huì)說英語。2). 我們要很好地發(fā)揮她的才能。答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English. 2). We will make good use of her

30、 talents.3. such as例如；像這種的1). Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry. 有些詩人, 如濟(jì)慈和雪萊, 寫的是浪漫主義的詩歌2). Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 蘭花和報(bào)春花之類的野花越來越少了練習(xí) 用such as或for example填空1). I like drinks _ tea and soda.2). The report is incomplete; it doesnt include sal

31、es in France, _.答案: 1) such as2). For example4. play a part (in) 扮演一個(gè)角色；參與典例 1). She plays an active part in local politics. 她積極參與地方政治活動(dòng)。2). She played a major part in the success of the scheme. 她對(duì)該計(jì)劃的成功起了重要作用。翻譯：中國(guó)在當(dāng)今世界扮演著重要的角色。_China is playing an important part/role _in the world today.短語歸納take p

32、art (in sth)參加, 參與（某事物 for the most part 整體上; 通常; 多半the best part of sth（某事物的）絕大部分（尤指一段時(shí)間） for my part就我來說練習(xí) 中譯英1). 有多少國(guó)家要參加（世界杯賽）？2). 對(duì)我來說, 到哪兒吃飯都無所謂。答案: 1). How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)? 2). For my part, I don't mind where we eat.6. because of 因?yàn)?；由于典?). They are h

33、ere because of us. 他們是因?yàn)槲覀儊磉@里的。短語歸納because of 是復(fù)合介詞。because 是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。練習(xí) He came late to school again _ he got up too late. The girl cried _ what the teacher said. we have to cancel our trip _ the bad weather.7. base on 以為基礎(chǔ)e.g The movie is based on facts 7ever before 從前 8even if/though 即使9be b

34、ased on 以為基礎(chǔ) 10over time 長(zhǎng)期以來11in the early days 在早期 12the same as 相同于13. Believe it or not信不信由你14. a number of N. 許多,大量. 作主語時(shí), 謂語用復(fù)數(shù). the number of N. 的數(shù)量. 作主語時(shí), 謂語用單數(shù) Eg A number of people have read this novel. The number of people here is 50. V重點(diǎn)句子 （旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料）1. Which country do you think has

35、 the most English learners?解釋do you think/believe/expect/ find/know/suppose 作為插入語,放在特殊疑問詞后，其它內(nèi)容緊跟其后并用陳述語序。 What time do you expect we will come and pick you up？你希望我們幾點(diǎn)來接你？ What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news？你認(rèn)為他聽到那個(gè)好消息后

36、會(huì)做什么呢？Why do you think their team could win the football match? 你認(rèn)為他們隊(duì)為什么能贏得那場(chǎng)足球賽呢？2. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.解釋 than ever before 常與比較級(jí)連用，意為“比以往任何時(shí)候更”。如：The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky, and the

37、 night was more beautiful than ever before. 繁星點(diǎn)綴在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。練習(xí) 中譯英1). 簡(jiǎn)看起來比以前漂亮多了。 2). 雨下得比以前更大。答案: 1). Jane looks much prettier than ever before. 2). It's raining harder than ever before.拓展：(1)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞還有 although, though, no matter when/what., whenever, wherever, however 等等。(2)as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從

38、句，但要把其表語、謂語或賓語前置，且前置的單數(shù)名詞不可以加冠詞。Even though you achieve great success in your work, you should not be conceited.即使你們?cè)诠ぷ髦腥〉昧司薮蟮某煽?jī)，也不應(yīng)該自滿。Whatever you do, do it well.不管你做什么，把它做好。However hot it is, he won't take off his hat.不管多熱，他都不摘下帽子。Girl as she is, she can go alone in the darkness.盡管她是個(gè)女孩，她敢一個(gè)人

39、走夜路。即境活用1(2007·浙江)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _they knew it to be valuable.Aas if Bnow that Ceven though Dso that解析：even thougheven if “即使”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。答案：C 2Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你，(世界上)沒有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。(1)believe it or not 信不信由你。常在句中做插入語。(2)

40、no such thing 沒有這樣的事情。such與 all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one 等詞連用時(shí)，應(yīng)位于它們的后面。Believe it or not, he refused to accept our offer.信不信由你，他拒絕接受我們的幫助。There is no such street in the city.這城市沒有那樣的街道。He said he didn't have time or made some such excuse.他說他沒有時(shí)間或別的諸如此類的借口。即境活用2(2009

41、·安徽)Im amazed to hear from my school teacher again. _， it is ten years since we met last.AIn a word BWhats more CThats to say DBelieve it or not解析：句意：想不到又一次收到學(xué)校老師的來信，信不信由你，我們上次見面還是在十年前。in a word總之；whats more而且；thats to say也就是說；believe it or not信不信由你。答案：D3. with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用3(1)Come on, please give me

42、 some ideas about the project.Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.Afilled Bfilling Cto fill Dbeing filled解析：with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，work和fill是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示正在進(jìn)行，因此其后要用doing結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：B(2)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _， he gladly accepted it.Afinished Bfinishing Chaving finishe

43、d Dwas finished解析：根據(jù)work和finish是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，可以判斷出答案。答案：A(3)_ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.AWith BBesides CAs for DBecause of解析：根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)采用“with賓語不定式”。答案：A(4)It was cold outside, the boy ran into the room _ his nose red.Ato Bon Cin Dwith解析：這個(gè)句子考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法，用“with名詞形容詞”做

44、狀語表示伴隨情況。而to、on、in作為介詞則沒有這種用法，故排除A、B、C，答案為D。句意是：外面天氣很冷，那個(gè)男孩跑進(jìn)了屋子時(shí)，鼻子紅紅的。答案：D語法講解引語的概念（以課文88頁為主，本文重在方法提煉與鞏固）直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語 直接引語通常都用引號(hào)括起來用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來，叫間接引語間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè) _賓語從句Direct SpeechShe said, “I like singing. ”She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”Indirect SpeechShe said she liked singingShe sa

45、id she was waiting for a bus. 總結(jié)：直接引語是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)用連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句.從句中的人稱,時(shí)態(tài),指示代詞,時(shí)間狀語,地點(diǎn)狀語等相應(yīng)變化.（見課本88）補(bǔ)充：Direct SpeechShe asked, “Have you seen the film?”He asks, “Are you a doctor, John?”She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?”He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?”Indirect SpeechShe a

46、sked me whetherif I had seen the film.He asks John ifwhether he is a doctor. She asked us where we were going to get off.He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.總結(jié) 直接引語是一般疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),用連詞if或whether連接。直接引語是特殊疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),仍用原來的疑問詞作連詞來引導(dǎo)。解題步驟:1.陳述句“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her

47、 friends.第一步Sarah said to her friends that I dont like computers.（ Ishe 時(shí)態(tài)said 過去式 dont - didnt ）第二步Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.2. 一般疑問句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him )第一步It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.第二步They asked him

48、 if it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.第三步Asked過去式 is- was第四步They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.3.特殊疑問句：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )第一步y(tǒng)ou harvest the wheat第二步They asked him When you harvest the wheat.第三步（you-he）(harvest- harvested)第四

49、步They asked him when he harvested the wheat練習(xí)1.He asked _ for the violin.A Did I pay how muchB. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.A.who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is 3. Can you tell me _?A.how good is his spoken Engli

50、sh B. how well his spoken English isC. how well he speaks English D. how good he can speak English4. He said that he had bought the jacket_.A .before three days B. three days before C. three days ago D. last week5. Did you say_?A. that what he said was true B. that it was true that he saidC. what di

51、d he say was true D. what he said it was true6. Please tell me _ from.A .where do you comeB. where you comeC. where you will comeD. there you come7. Ask her _ come with us.A if she willB. if or not she willC. that if she willD. whether will she8. The driver said that he _ pick _ a passenger at west

52、street.A will, upB. would, up C. will, out D. would, out9. He said he _ in 1993.A .has born B. had been bornC. had born D. was born10. John _ me he was going to help me with my English.A. explainedB. spoke C. told D. said答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.C; 4.B ; 5.A; 6.B; 7.A; 8.B ;9.D; 10.C單元小測(cè)1.課文單詞填空At the end of

53、the 16th century, English was only spoken by people from England. They were native speakers. Today, the largest number of people 1 (speak) English may be in China. A lot of Chinese people speak English 2 their foreign language. 3 English language has changed quite a lot over the last four centuries. Old English sound more 4 less like German for it was 5 on German, but modern English sounds more like French than German 6 England was once ruled