英語演講與辯論課件Lecture One

1、Lecture One Brief Introduction to English Speaking What is a speech? A speech is a genuine social activity in which the speaker faces the audience, airing his/her own opinions, expatiating on a specific topic or exchanging information with verbal form mainly aided by nonverbal forms. What is an Engl

2、ish speech? An English speech is a genuine social activity in which the speaker faces the audience, airing his/her own opinions, expatiating on a specific topic or exchanging information in English with verbal form mainly aided by nonverbal forms. gestures expressions Why do people make speeches? Ma

3、ke those who share the same opinion with the speaker firmer. Persuade some who hold different opinions to waver, to give up or to change their original ideas and finally accept the speakers viewpoint gladly and whole-heartedly. Chinese Definition 演講又稱演說（演講又稱演說（Oration)，是一門綜合性的藝，是一門綜合性的藝術(shù)，是語言的一種高級(jí)表現(xiàn)形

4、式，是藝術(shù)地表達(dá)術(shù)，是語言的一種高級(jí)表現(xiàn)形式，是藝術(shù)地表達(dá)出語言的基本意思，是一種有計(jì)劃、有目的、有出語言的基本意思，是一種有計(jì)劃、有目的、有主題、有系統(tǒng)的視聽兩方面信息的傳播。它可以主題、有系統(tǒng)的視聽兩方面信息的傳播。它可以使見解一致的聽眾更堅(jiān)定其原有的信念，同時(shí)，使見解一致的聽眾更堅(jiān)定其原有的信念，同時(shí)，力爭(zhēng)不同見解的聽眾動(dòng)搖、放棄、改變其原有的力爭(zhēng)不同見解的聽眾動(dòng)搖、放棄、改變其原有的思想觀點(diǎn)，心悅誠(chéng)服地接受你的意見。思想觀點(diǎn)，心悅誠(chéng)服地接受你的意見。 Types of Speech Manner of delivery Purpose of speech Speaking from m

5、anuscript Speaking from memory Speaking impromptu Speaking extemporaneously Informative speech Persuasive speech Other speeches Read by paper Advantage Disadvantage Can convey what the speaker want to express accurately. Unnatural, not relaxed or even inflexibleDifficult to keep eye-contact and emot

6、ional exchange with the audienceLack of enthusiasm u People use such styleu Featuresu Forms Used by professional speakers, politician or speakers in speech contest. 1) Unnatural and insincere, difficult to arouse the enthusiasm and sympathetic response of the audience2) Possible to forget the conten

7、t Speech contests Short speeches Without special advance preparation Predict Accommodate yourself to circumstances Think on your feet Predict whether you will be invited to have a speech ( an important guest or the guest of honor), then prepare in advance. Discussion: give your own opinionsWedding,

8、Award ceremony: favorable words, complimentsParty (fare-well party, retirement party): greetings and recollection of one or two moving instances Definition Advantage A previous planned speaking but not from manuscript or memory. It is also different from speaking impromptu. In the process of the spe

9、aking, the speaker can refer to outlines or cards prepared in advance. Accurately convey information or keynote Keep eye-contact with the audience, speak in conversational tone, look natural and relaxed. Principles Types Tips Subject: wide range Audience Purpose Handle the length, the depth and the

10、width of the speech according to the audiences interest, the degree of familiarity and understanding of the subject To understand, to recognize and to comprehend It is basically aimed at explanation not persuasion. Types About objects （事物）（事物）: Places, Organizations, People About processes （程序）（程序）:

11、 Steps, Action, Measures on how to About events （事情）（事情）: Sth. that occurs in a certain place during a particular interval of time About concepts （概念）：（概念）：Love，F(xiàn)riendship About issues （問題）（問題）: Problems, Matters (an overview) Tips for successful informative speeches Present new and interesting info

12、rmation （材料內(nèi)容要新） Relate subject directly to the audience （要與聽眾直接掛鉤） Personalize your ideas （要用親身經(jīng)歷來說明問題） Define key terms （關(guān)鍵術(shù)語概念要解釋清楚） Dont be too technical or abstract （內(nèi)容不要太專業(yè)化或太抽象） Include neither too much, nor too little （篇幅不要太長(zhǎng)或太短） Reinforce message through repetition （重復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)演講主旨）Purpose: To inf

13、luence the attitudes, beliefs, values, and acts of the audience and others To reinforce audiences existing attitudes, beliefs, and/or behavior To influence audiences attitudes, beliefs, and/or understanding To influence audiences behavior Introduction Acceptance Presentation Commencement Eulogy Func

14、tions: Entertainment, Celebration, Commemoration and inspiration Speakers qualities Language art Conception techniques Communication skills Criteria for successful English speaking Content judgment Artistic judgment Language judgment Ethical judgment Original view, different sight Talk substantively, constructively and justifiably Correct, accurate and complete information Adequate information Meet the needs of the audience Stress given, talk coherently and combination of all parts and elements Str