中考英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)教案

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上中考專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)教案初三 使用 初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)分析與歸納             Tiger縱觀現(xiàn)行的初中英語(yǔ)教材，無(wú)論是人教版、新目標(biāo)、廣州版等等，都沒有脫離教學(xué)大綱的要求；對(duì)于時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的要求是一致的。在初中階段，學(xué)生必須了解和掌握八種時(shí)態(tài)，兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)。只有很好地掌握好時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，才能為進(jìn)一步運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。下面，我們一起對(duì)此做一分析和歸納。（一）   時(shí)態(tài)所謂時(shí)態(tài)，在英語(yǔ)中，就是通過動(dòng)詞的不同形式變化來表達(dá)不同時(shí)間內(nèi)以

2、不同的方式發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。初中階段要求掌握的時(shí)態(tài)如下表：時(shí)      式間          一     般進(jìn)     行完    成現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成時(shí)將來一般將來時(shí)不做要求不做要求過去將來一般過去將來時(shí)不做要求不做要求從上面的表格中，我們可以整體上把握時(shí)態(tài)的形式與結(jié)構(gòu)；我們?cè)倬唧w分析如下：

3、I.        一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1  含義：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)、習(xí)慣或客觀事實(shí)與真理。2  基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)（非第三人稱單數(shù)）+ 動(dòng)詞原形 (be 例外)e.g. I play tennis .主語(yǔ)（第三人稱單數(shù)）+動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式e.g. She doesnt play tennis. The train leaves every morning at 8 a.m.3  基本用法：A) 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。特征：常常與頻度副詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用如：a

4、lways , usually , ever, never , often , sometimes , every day ( week , month etc ) 等等。經(jīng)典例析：Peter often goes to his office by underground . “皮特常常坐地鐵上班?！盕ather doesnt smoke . “父親不吸煙?！盉) 表示不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在。所謂不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在即包括客觀真理、格言、科學(xué)事實(shí)等等。注意：在賓語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不變。e.g. The sun rises in the east and sets in he west .“太

5、陽(yáng)東升西落?！?#160;  A rolling stone gathers no moss. “滾石不生苔”。   Our teacher said that the moon turns around the earth .    C) 表示主語(yǔ)的特征、性格、能力等等。e.g. John is an American .    She has brown hair . 4  特別提醒：     一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)間：1）某些瞬間動(dòng)詞如：begin , come

6、 , start , leave, arrive, go , come ,stop, return ,open , close 等等，強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)的客觀性或不可變更時(shí)，常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來時(shí)。e.g. The plane leaves at 7:30 .       Class begins at 8:00 every morning .   2）由if / when / as soon as / before等 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句（動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） ， 主句用一般將來時(shí)或祈使句，或者主句含

7、有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+（V原形）來表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。   e.g. If the phone rings , can you answer it ?Will you go and help to get in the crops when the harvest time comes ?Work hard and you will succeed .l         考點(diǎn)透析 ：近來的中考題加大了綜合能力的考查，把幾種時(shí)態(tài)糅合在一定的語(yǔ)境中或透過相應(yīng)的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來考查學(xué)生l  

8、60;      解題對(duì)策：不能單一地從語(yǔ)法角度考慮，而應(yīng)是結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，綜合思考。5  中考鏈接：     They usually _ TV in the evening . ( 北京 1999 )A. watch    B. will watch   C. are watching   D. watches      Ill tell Mrs. Green about it as so

9、on as she _ back . ( 浙江 2000 )A. will come   B. is coming   C. comes     D. came   - Can you guess if they _ to play basketball with us ?   - I think theyll come if they _ free . ( 2001 遼寧 )      A. come ; are  

10、; B. will come ; will be   C. will come ; are  D. come ; will be We will have to clean the plates before Mother _ home . (2003 廣東 )   A. will come   B. is coming   C. come    D. comes   Were not sure if it _ tomorrow . If it _, we

11、 wont climb the South Hill ( 2004 西寧市) A.      will snow ; snows    B. will snow ; will snow      C. snows ; snows        D. snows ; will snow He said that light _  much faster than sound . ( 沈陽(yáng)

12、)   A. travelled    B. will travel    C. travels     D. is traveling  II.     一般過去時(shí)  1  基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過去式 （ 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞是在其后 + ed , 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化要記住）2  基本用法：A)     表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。特征：常常與頻度副詞連用如：alw

13、ays , usually 等等B)      表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在已終止。用used to 來表示。C)     表示在過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)的某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。特征：常常與表示具體的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用如：yesterday, last week , just now , a week ago , in 1998, when she was 14 等等。D)     特別提醒：特殊句式：It is / has been + 時(shí)間名詞 +

14、since 從句 （ 用一般過去式）3  中考鏈接：     Sorry , Miss Wang . I _ the key to the door of the classroom at home. I have to go back  for it  ( 2001 黑龍江)                  A. left  

15、0; B. missed    C. forgot   D. lost        It _ ten years since they _ to France . ( 2001 河北)  A. was; moved  B. was; have moved   C. is ; have moved   D. is; moved - Im sorry , Mr Wang . I _ my homework at home

16、60;  - Thats OK . But dont forget _ it to school tomorrow . ( 2004 安徽蕪湖)   A. forgot ; to take  B. left ; to bring   C. forgot ; to bring  D. left ; to take He used to _ very late , but now he is used to _ early . (2003 濰坊市)   A. get up ; getting up 

17、        B. get up ; get up       C. getting up ; get up         D. getting up ; getting up III.   一般將來時(shí)1  基本結(jié)構(gòu)：A.      主語(yǔ) + will  / shall + V原形 （通常shall 用于

18、第一人稱 ）B.      主語(yǔ) + be going to + V原形 （be 隨著主語(yǔ)的變化，而對(duì)應(yīng)變化）2  基本用法：1）  表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。特征：常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如： tomorrow , next week ( month , year etc. ) from now on 等等。e.g. My father will go to Beijing tomorrow .3  特別提醒：1）  be going to + V 原形 ； will +V 原形

19、 在表示“將來”的區(qū)別。A.表示說話人的計(jì)劃、打算、或準(zhǔn)備要做的事，常用be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。e.g. He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii .   Were going to meet each other tonight at 7:00 PM.B.表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的情況一種推測(cè)或預(yù)言將要發(fā)生的事情。常用be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。e.g. Look at the cloud. It is going to rain .2）  在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示將來。e.g. Il

20、l give the note to him as soon as he comes back .4  中考鏈接： - Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow .   - Yes. But if it _ , well visit the museum instead . ( 2001 河北)    A. you have ; will rain           B. you will have ;

21、 will rain      C. you will have ; rains          D. will you have ; rains I dont know if she _ me when she _.(2000 黑龍江)   A. tells ; arrives  B. tells; will arrive  C. will tell ; will arrive  D. will tell ; a

22、rrives. - Do you know when the world cup _ next week ?    - Next Friday . When it _, I will ring you .  A. begins ; begin                 B. begins ; will begin    C. will begin ; will begin 

23、;          D. will begin ; begins IV.   一般過去將來時(shí)1  含義：表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2  基本結(jié)構(gòu)：would + V原形 ; was /were going to + V 原形。常常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。經(jīng)典例析：She said that she would go to Sweden .Tom said he was going to swim next week 3  特別提醒：would 常常縮寫

24、成為d. 如：Id ; youd .等。4  中考鏈接：1）    The teacher said that she _ us to the park the next day . ( 北京 1993 )   A. will take   B. has taken    C. would take    D. is taking 2）    - What did the scientists say ? (2001 廣州)-

25、 He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day .A. he had to fly      B. he could fly     C. can be fly        D. could he fly V.      現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1  基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + be + V ing (be 的形式隨主語(yǔ)的變化而變

26、化)2  基本用法：1）  表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。特征：常常與now或具體的時(shí)間連用，有時(shí)句中會(huì)有感官動(dòng)詞來提示，或上下文來暗示。e.g. Look ! The car is coming to you . - What are you doing ? - Im writing a letter to my mother.2）  表示現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。特征：這類動(dòng)詞常常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常與at present ， this week , these days  等連用。e.g. At present , computers are

27、 playing a more and more important role .3  特別提醒：A.      表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞如：come , go , leave , arrive , start , begin , fly , return 等，常常用其進(jìn)行時(shí)來表示將來。e.g. I am leaving for Nanjing tomorrow .B.      感官動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：see , hear, smell , taste, feel 等等。C.

28、0;     表示感情的動(dòng)詞如：love ,hate , fear, like , prefer 等不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。D.     表示思考和理解意義的動(dòng)詞如：know , understand , believe, think , forget, remember 等等不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。4中考鏈接：.  Dont talk loudly here. My little baby _. ( 2003 遼寧 ) A. has gone out  B. is sleeping   C

29、. sleeps   D. went to school       People in Qingdao _ learning English to get ready for the 2008 Olympic Games .         A. is active in              B. takes an active

30、part in  (2003 青島 ) C. are taking an active part in  D. are joining       Be quick ,the monitor _ for you in the library . ( 河南 )        A. was waiting     B. waits     C. is waiting  &

31、#160;  D. waited    VI.   過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1  基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語(yǔ) + be (was / were ) + V ing （形式）2  基本用法：表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。特征：常常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用如：then , at this  / that  time , at 9 last night 等等。經(jīng)典例析：   I was watching TV at 9 last night .3  特別提醒：表示位置移動(dòng)

32、的動(dòng)詞如：come , go , leave , arrive , start , begin , fly , return 等，常常用其進(jìn)行時(shí)來表示過去將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He didnt said when he was going .特殊句式：A. 主語(yǔ) + （ 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) ）； when 引導(dǎo)的從句（一般過去時(shí) ）表示動(dòng)作的暫時(shí)性 When she knocked at the door , I was doing my homework.有時(shí)，when引導(dǎo)的從句，也可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)，關(guān)鍵看這個(gè)動(dòng)詞是不是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。When I was walking in the park , I dro

33、pped my wallet .B. 主語(yǔ) + （一般過去時(shí) ）； while 引導(dǎo)的從句（ 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) ）表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性While Jim was making a cake , the bell rang .C. 主語(yǔ) + （過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）； while 引導(dǎo)的從句（ 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) ）表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或進(jìn)行Some students were playing basketball , while others were walking around the corner .4  中考鏈接：1）When her father came back home , Joan _ wit

34、h her friend . ( 2002 南州市 )   A. talked    B. talks      C. is talking    D. was talking  2) - Hi! Lin Tao . I didnt see you at the party .    - Oh, I _ ready for the maths exam .     A. am getting  B

35、. was getting    C. got     D. have got 3) When the teacher came in , the students _ about the new film . ( 2004 烏魯木齊)   A. are talking  B. were talking   C. talked   D. talks 4) - Rick ! Your jacket is wet through . Didnt you lis

36、ten to the weather report this morning ?  - No, I didnt . I was in a hurry . Besides , it _ when I left . ( 2004 廣州市 )   A. hadnt rained   B. would rain   C. rained    D. wasnt raining  VII. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1  基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語(yǔ) + have / has + V ed （形式）2 

37、基本用法：1）表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。特征：不能與表示具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday , last week , when I was a child , at that moment , that day , when I lived in Japan . 等等； 但常常與 ever , never , already , once , many times , several times , before , so far , yet , just 等一起使用。經(jīng)典例析：I have seen that movie three times .There ha

38、ve been many earthquakes in California .2) 表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。特征：常常與since , for , in the past + 時(shí)間名詞， in the last + 時(shí)間名詞 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 而且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要求是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。經(jīng)典例析：I have lived in Guangzhou for five years .My English has really improved since I moved to Australia .The old farmer has been dead for a mon

39、th . ( 不能用has died )3）表示一種“經(jīng)歷或體驗(yàn)”.既可以表示 經(jīng)歷過也可以是從來都沒有經(jīng)歷過。經(jīng)典例析：I think I have seen that movie before .He has never traveled by train .3  特別提醒：區(qū)分have been to 與have gone tohave / has been to  “表示到過/ 去過某地”強(qiáng)調(diào)此人在此地。Have gone to “表示去的途中” 強(qiáng)調(diào)此人不 在此地。4  中考鏈接：1）I dont think I _ you in that dress

40、before . ( 2003 北京海淀區(qū) ) A. have seen     B. was seeing   C. saw     D. see   2) - Mum, may I go out and play basketball ?   - _ you  _ your homework yet ?   ( 2003 天津)  A. Do ; finish     B.

41、 Are ; finishing   C. Did ; finish   D. Have ; finished 3) - Lucy , _ you _ your ticket ?  ( 2003 河北)  - Not yet .       A. did ; find     B. have ; found     C. has; found   D. do ; find  4

42、) - Oh, Mrs King , your necklace looks nice . Is it new ?  ( 2003 黃崗 )  - No, I _ it for two years .  A. had          B. have had        C. bought     D. have bought  5) - Where s

43、Mr Lee ? I have something unusual to tell him . ( 2003 黑龍江 )  - You _ find him . He _ Japan .    A. may not ; has gone to              B. may not; has been to    C. cant ; has gone to    

44、60;            D. cant ; has been to VIII.              過去完成時(shí)1  基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語(yǔ) + had + V ed （分詞 ） 2  基本用法：1）表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作。就是“過去的過去”經(jīng)典例析：I had studied a little English

45、 when I came to the U. S. 2）表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，持續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。特征：常常與由for / since 引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間或從句連用。Comrade Hu had taught in  No. 1 Middle School for ten years before he came here.3  特別提醒：當(dāng)我們強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，句子由before , after , as soon as , when 等引導(dǎo)從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)，此時(shí)，主句的時(shí)態(tài)可以用過去完成時(shí)也可用一般過去時(shí)。I had finished my hom

46、ework before 10 oclock yesterday evening .When we got to the cinema the movie had begun .By the end of last year , I had collected five hundred stamps .中考鏈接：）- Did you see Tom at the party ?    - No, he _ by the time I got there.     A. left     B. w

47、as leaving    C. had left     D. has left  ）- Why didnt you go to the movie yesterday ?    - Because I _ it before .  ( 山東煙臺(tái))   A. had watched   B. have seen    C. have watched    D. had see

48、n (二)語(yǔ)態(tài)所謂語(yǔ)態(tài)，就是說明主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間關(guān)系的一種動(dòng)詞形式。分兩種形式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或發(fā)出者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者或接受者。語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查是全國(guó)各地中考的熱點(diǎn)，也是初中必須掌握的語(yǔ)法之一。我們重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 實(shí)際上, 英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)式就相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)中的”把字句和被字句”.即:”把怎樣“；”被怎樣”初中階段我們學(xué)習(xí)了七被動(dòng)式結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：         結(jié)構(gòu)：am /is / are + Ved(過去分詞）    

49、;     例句：My brother asks me to clean the windows.  (主動(dòng)句句式)         步驟：         ）找到主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)，如果有雙賓語(yǔ)（間賓直賓），把間賓作為被動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)         ）確定主動(dòng)句中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)   &

50、#160;     ）對(duì)應(yīng)變換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)         ）有時(shí)，主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)在被動(dòng)式中可省略         被動(dòng)式：I am asked to clean the windows by （my brother）.現(xiàn)在完成式的被動(dòng)式：         結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)have / has + been +Ved.

51、0;        例句：         We have finished our homework already.         改：Our homework has been finished already (by us ) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：         結(jié)構(gòu)

52、：am / is / are + being Ved         例句：         Look, the students are playing basketball in the open air.         Basketball is being played by the students in the open air . 

53、 過去式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：         結(jié)構(gòu)：was / were + Ved          例句：         We cooked the lunch an hour ago .         改：The lunch was cooked ( by

54、us ) an hour ago .         We didnt make the model plane.         The model plane wasnt made by us.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：         結(jié)構(gòu)：was / were + being + Ved      

55、;   例句：         He was watching TV when I called him last night.         TV was being watched by him when I called him last night .過去完成式的被動(dòng)式：         結(jié)構(gòu)：had +been+ V ed &

56、#160;        例句：         By the end of last term , we had learned about eight hundred English words .         About eight hundred English words had been learned by us ,by the end of last term .一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：         結(jié)構(gòu)：will / be going to + be Ved         例句：         Mr. John will  complete the project tomorrow .       &#