英語語言學(xué)試題

1、英語語言學(xué)試題B卷及答案（ III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the corresponding letter A， B， C or D in the brackets. （1%×20=20%） 1) The study of language at one point of time is a _ study.A. synchronic B. historicC.

2、 diachronic D. descriptive2）Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which “fall” and “autumn” belong is called _ synonyms. A. stylistic B. dialectal C. emotiveD. collocational3) The sentence “John likes ice-cream” contains _ arguments.A. one B. twoC. none D. three4) Semantics can be

3、defined as the study of _.A. naming B. meaningC. communication D. context5) Once the notion of _ was taken into consideration， semantics spilled into pragmatics.A. meaning B. contextC. form D. content6) Of the three speech acts， linguists are most interested in the _.A. locutionary act B. perlocutio

4、nary actC. illocutionary act D. none of the above7) Most of the violations of the maxims of the Cooperative Principle give rise to _.A. utterance meaning B. speech act theoryC. conversational implicatures D. none of the above8) The significance of Grices CP lies in that it explains how it is possibl

5、e for the speaker to convey _ is literally said.A. more than B. less thanC. the same as D. none of the above9) The goal of _ is to explore the nature of language variation and language use among a variety of speech communities and different social situations.A. psycholinguistics B. sociolinguisticsC

6、. historical linguistics D. general linguistics10) Black English has a number of distinctive features in its phonological， morphological and syntactic systems which are _.A. rule-governed B. systematicC. arbitrary D. both A and B11）As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language peop

7、le actually use， and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior， it is said to be _.A. prescriptive B. sociolinguisticC. descriptive D. psycholinguistic12) Language is a system of arbitrary _ symbols used for human communication.A. cultural B. conventionalC. decoded D. vocal13

8、) A word with several meanings is called _.A. an abnormal word B. a polysemous wordC. a synonymous word D. none of the above14) There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed” in the word “l(fā)earned” is known as a（n） _. A. derivational morpheme B. free morpheme C. inflectional morphe

9、me D. free form 15) The syntactic rules of any language are _ in number.A. large B. smallC. finite D. infinite16) “I bought some roses” _ “I bought some flowers”. A. entails B. presupposes C. is inconsistent with D. is synonymous with 17）The phrase “boys and girls” belongs to the _ construction. A.

10、predicate B. endocentric C. subordinate D. exocentric18) Can I borrow your bike？" _ "You have a bike."A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent withC. entails D. presupposes19） Of all the speech organs， the _ is/are the most flexible.A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords20）Chomsky

11、uses the term _ to refer to the actual realization of a language users knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication. A. langue B. competence C. parole D. performance IV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false：（1%×15=15%） 1) Language is a system of

12、 arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 2) The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech； thus there are still many languages in todays world that can only be spoken， but not written.3) The open-class words include prepositions.4) In classifying th

13、e English consonants and vowels， the same criteria can be applied.5) According to semantic triangle， there is no direct link between a symbol and referent， i.e. between a word and a thing it refers to.6)Syntactic categories refer to sentences （S） and clauses （C） only.7)By synchrony we mean to study

14、language change and development.8)The IC analysis is not able to analyze split verbs like “do sb. in”.9)The relationship of “flower”， “violet”， “rose” and “tulip” is hyponymy.10)A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.11) Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the membe

15、rs of a speech community.12) Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studied the sentences patterns of a language.13) Human capacity for language has a genetic basis， i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.14) Onl

16、y words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.15) Sentences are strings of words put together in a random order. V. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word， the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word

17、 only， and you are not allowed to change the letter given.（1%×10=10%） 1)The modern linguistics is d_ ，not prescriptive， and its investigations are based on authentic and mainly spoken language data.2)M_ is the smallest meaningful unit of language.3)Langue refers to the language system shared by

18、 a community of speaker while p_ contrastd with langue is the concrete act of speaking in actual situations by an individual speaker.4)The transformational component has transformational rules， which change the deep structures generated by the phrase structure component into s_ structure.5)In semant

19、ic triangle， the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct， and it is mediated by c_.6)H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and b_ transcription.7)In the cooperative principle， Grice introduced four categories of maxims.They are maxim of quality， maxim of quatity， maxim of

20、 r_ and maxim of manner.8)The strong version of Sapir-Whorf hopothesis is that language d_s our thinking pattern.9)There are two major approaches to error analysis： c_ and non-contrastive analysis.10)P_ is the study of language in use. VI. The following two are ambiguous in their meanings. Give your

21、 understanding of the different meanings of each expression.（2.5%×2=5%） 1)Smoking cigar is very harmful.2)The boy saw the man with the telescope. VII. Answer the following questions in English.（4%×5=20%） 1)What are the four maxims under the cooperative principle？2)What are the design featu

22、res of language？3)What are the differences between modern linguistics and traditional grammar？4)Why do we say that a meaning of a sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components？5)What do you know about linguistics. 參考答案 III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decid

23、e which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A， B， C or D in the brackets. （1%×20=20%） 1-5ABBBB 6-10 CCABD 11-15CDBCC 16-20ABDCD IV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false：（1%×15=15%） 1）-5）： TTFFT 6）-10）： FFTTF 11）-15）： FFFFF V.

24、Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word， the first letter of which is already given as a clue. （1%×10=10%）1） descriptive 2） Morpheme 3） parole 4） surface 5）concept6） broad 7）relation 8）determines 9） contrastive 10） PragmaticsVI. The following two sentences are ambigu

25、ous in their meanings. Give your understanding of the different meanings of each sentence.（2.5%×2=5%）1）The cigar that is smoking is very harmful.The act of smoking the cigar is very harmful.2）The boy saw the man who had a telescope.Using the telescope， the boy saw the man. VII. Answer the follo

26、wing questions in English.（4%×5=20%）1）A. The maxim of quantity1. Make your contribution as informative as required （for the current purpose of the exchange） .2. Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.B. The maxim of quality1. Do not say what you believe to be false.2. D

27、o not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.C. The maxim of relationBe relevant.D. The maxim of manner1. Avoid obscurity of expression. 2. Avoid ambiguity.3. Be brief （ avoid unnecessary prolixity） . 4. Be orderly.2）Arbitrariness； Productivity； Duality； Displacement；Cultural transmission；3）A

28、. Linguistics is descriptive， not prescriptiveB. Linguistics regards the spoken language as primary， not the written.C. Linguistics differs from traditional grammar in that it does not force languages into a Latin-based framework.4）The meaning of a sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of al

29、l its components because it cannot be worked out by adding up all the meanings of its constituent words. For example；（A） The dog bit the man.（B） The man bit the dog.If the meaning of a sentence were the sum total of the meanings of all its components， then the above two sentences would have the same

30、 meaning. In fact they are different in meanings.As we know， there are two aspects to sentence meaning： grammatical mean-ing and semantic meaning. The grammatical meanings of “the dog” and “the man” in （A） are different from the grammatical meanings of “the dog” and “the man” in （B）. The meaning of

31、a sentence is the product of both lexical and grammatical meaning. It is the product of the meaning of the constituent words and of the grammatical constructions that relate one word syntagmatically to another.英語語言學(xué)試題A卷及答案（I. Define the following linguistic terms：（2%×10=20%） 1） duality 2） displ

32、acement 3） phonology 4） morphology 5） concord 6） endocentric construction7） hyponymy 8） pragmatics 9） illocutionary force 10) error analysis II. Translation （0.5%×20=10%）Translate the following terms into Chinese：（0.5%×10=5%）1） affricate 2）distinctive feature 3） parole 4） generative gramma

33、r5） bilingualism 6） felicity condition 7）design feature8） denotation 9） labiodental 10） linguistic relativity Translate the following terms into English： （0.5%×10=5%） 11）人際功能 12）真值條件 13）女性語域 14）音節(jié)劃分 15）結(jié)構(gòu)主義16）社會(huì)語言學(xué) 17）論元 18）單元音 19）銜接 20）對(duì)比分析 III. Read each of the following statements carefully.

34、 Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the corresponding letter A， B， C or D on the answer sheet. （1%×20=20%） 1）. language is a system of arbitrary _ symbols used for human communication. A. cultural B. conventional C. decoded D. vocal2）. A word with several

35、meanings is called _.A. an abnormal word B. a polysemous wordC. a synonymous word D. none of the above3）. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed” in the word “l(fā)earned” is known as a（n） _.A. derivational morpheme B. free morpheme C. inflectional morpheme D. free form 4）. The

36、 syntactic rules of any language are _ in number. A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite5）. “I picked some tulips.” _ “I picked some flowers.”.A. entails B. presupposes C. is inconsistent with D. is synonymous with 6）. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _

37、.X： Who was that you were with last night？Y： Did you know that you were wearing odd socks？A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner 7） “Can I borrow your bike？” _ “You have a bike.”A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent withC. entails D. presupposes8） The study of language at one point of time

38、is a _ study. A. synchronic B. historic C. diachronic D. descriptive9） Which of the following is a typical tone language？ A. English B. Chinese C. French D. All of the above10） Two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in _. A. phonemic contrast B. complementary distribution C. minimal pair

39、D. none of the above11） In terms of the place of articulation， the following sounds tdszn share the feature of _.A. palatal B. alveolar C. bilabial D. dental12） Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _ in 1957.A. L. Bloomfield B. N. Chomsky C.F. Saussure D. M. A. K. Halliday13） Which

40、of the following is a correct description of reference？ A. a relationship between an expression and other expressions which have the same meaning B. the set of all objects which can potentially be referred to by an expression C. a relationship between a particular object in the world and an expressi

41、on used in an utterance to pick out that object D. an intra-linguistic relationship between lexical items14） What is function of the sentence “How do you do？ A. Directive B. Phatic C. Informative D. Evocative15） In the following sounds， _is a central vowel. A. /?/ B. /u/ C. /?/ D. /16） Which of the

42、following languages has the syllabic writing system？ A. Chinese B. Japanese C. English D. French17） Which description of the meaning components of the word “father” is right？ A. +human， +adult，-male B. +human， -adult， +male C. human， +adult， -male D. +human， +adult， +male18） Once the notion of _ was

43、 taken into consideration， semantics spilled into pragmatics. A. meaning B. context C. form D. content19） Black English has a number of distinctive features in its phonological， morphological and syntactic systems which are _. A. rule-governed B. systematic C. arbitrary D. both A and B20） “Hot dog” with the first syllable stressed means _. A. an overheated animal B. a kind of food C. a barking dog D. a dead dog IV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or