人教版七年級(jí)下冊(cè)-Unit-12--教材詳解和知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Section A1.camped by the lake (P. 67) camp 作名詞，營(yíng)地 summer/winter camp 夏/冬令營(yíng)camp 作V.，表示“扎營(yíng)、搭帳篷”，go camping“去野營(yíng)”；camp out“野營(yíng)、露營(yíng)”。Where did you camp last night?拓展歸納： do some cleaning/cooking/shopping/reading/washing 打掃/做飯/購(gòu)物/閱讀/洗衣服go swimming/fishing/camping/skating/boating/climbing/walking

2、 游泳/釣魚/露營(yíng)/滑冰/劃船/爬山/散步2. I fed some sheep. (P. 68)sheep 可數(shù)名詞， “綿羊”，復(fù)數(shù)還是sheep；How many sheep are there on your farm? 拓展：常見的單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞還有：fish （魚的數(shù)量）， Chinese (中國(guó)人)， Japanese（日本人）。3. Who visited her grandma? Becky did. (P. 68)英語(yǔ)中為了避免重復(fù)，經(jīng)常用do/does/did, so等來(lái)代替前面的動(dòng)詞或相關(guān)內(nèi)容，且時(shí)態(tài)同問(wèn)句一致。答句Betty did.中的did代替問(wèn)句中visite

3、d her grandma，完整的句子是：Betty visited her grandma.。1）Did Mischa say that?Yes,he did.(did代替said that)米薩說(shuō)的？是的，他說(shuō)的。2）Do you think he is clever?I think so.(so代替he is clever)你認(rèn)為他聰明嗎？我認(rèn)為如此。4.I worked as a guide at the Natural History Museum. (P. 68)as此處用作介詞，表示“作為、當(dāng)作”，后接表示職業(yè)的名詞。He works as an actor. As a stud

4、ent, you should study hard.5.How interesting! (P. 68)how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“How+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”。How beautiful the bird is! How fast Mary runs!【拓展】what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：“What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”或者“What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”。What a beautiful flower! What interesting books these are! What heavy snow it is!6.I tol

5、d the visitors about them and their living habits. (P. 68)visit 動(dòng)詞 拜訪，參觀 visit v.à visitor n. visit +sb.看望某人 visit +sp.游覽/參觀某地tell sb. about sth.意為“告訴某人關(guān)于某事”。 Mary told me about her pet dog.拓展：tell sb sth= tell sth tosb. 告訴某人某事 tell me a story.tell sb to do sth. 告訴某人做某事 My mother often tells me

6、 to get up early.7.but Im kind of tired now. (P. 68) tired adj. 疲倦的，疲勞的 be tired of 對(duì)厭煩kind of表示“有點(diǎn)兒”，相當(dāng)于a little。 She is kind of fat.8.I stayed up late to watch the soccer game. (P. 68)stay up late意為“熬夜很晚”。stay 保持（=keep）keep healthy保持健康 saty 不及物動(dòng)詞，停留，待 saty at home 呆在家 9.away 的用法 (P. 68) away&

7、#160;副詞， “遠(yuǎn)離；離開；消失”短語(yǔ)有：far away 遠(yuǎn)離go away 走開run away 跑開，逃跑 right away 立刻，馬上away from 距多遠(yuǎn))。 10.A family of mice were in the kitchen on Saturday morning when they saw a big cat. (P. 69)mouse “老鼠”，復(fù)數(shù) “mice”。 They saw two mice.family為集合名詞，表示整體，

8、指代家庭整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；表示個(gè)體，指代家庭成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The Green family are watching TV now. The Green family is a big one.11.Father Mouse shouted at the cat, “Woof,woof!” (P. 69)shout at sb. 多指因?yàn)樯鷼饣驊嵟榷巧埔獾貙?duì)某人吼叫. shout to sb.沖某人大聲喊叫。多指因距離遠(yuǎn)而不得不大聲叫喊，無(wú)情感因素。 12.thats why its important to

9、learn a second language. (P. 69)Thats why.意為“那就是為什么”，表示結(jié)果。I got up late. Thats why I missed the bus.13.thats why its important to learn a second language. (P. 69)language “語(yǔ)言”，可數(shù)名詞。 English, Chinese and French are three different _. Section B14.flew a kite (P. 70)fly（flew）此處用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“放飛”。 fly a kite

10、 放風(fēng)箏動(dòng)詞，“流逝”， How time flies! 時(shí)光飛逝！15.swam in a swimming pool. (P. 70) swim(過(guò)去式swam) 動(dòng)詞，“游泳”動(dòng)詞ing形式作定語(yǔ)，表示功能，用途， 例如：reading room 閱覽室 living room 客廳16.Did you do anything interesting last weekend? (P. 70)形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)，放在不定代詞后邊。 This isnt anything important.17.My sister finished high school two years ago.時(shí)

11、間段+ago 以前，常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí) three minutes ago 三分鐘以前 two weeks ago 兩周以前18.There we put up our tents and made a fire to keep us warm and cook food on. (P. 71)(1) put up此處表示“搭建起”，put up your hands 舉手，還可以表示“張貼、舉起、建造”。put up a tent搭建帳篷，put down放下(take off取下)，put off推遲/脫下 put away 整理好。 (2)make a fire意為“生火”。（3）keep

12、 us warm意為“使得我們暖和；保持我們暖和”，此處為系動(dòng)詞，意為“保持（某種狀態(tài)）”，其后常接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：  Keep quiet/healthy!  保持安靜/健康。（4）keep還可以用作行為動(dòng)詞1. 撫養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)：  keep chickens.  養(yǎng)雞 2. "遵守；維護(hù)"。. Everyone must keep the rules. 人人必須遵守規(guī)章制度。19.On the first ni

13、ght, we just sat under the moon and told each other stories. (P. 71)each other意為“互相、彼此”，相當(dāng)于one another，常用作賓語(yǔ)。They helped each other. one another三者以上. each other 兩者之間.20.But I was so tired that I went to sleep early. (P. 71)so.that.意為“如此以至于”，so是副詞，后接形容詞和副詞?！皊othat .not .”可以和“tooto”（太而不能）互換同義句。例如：Paul

14、 is so lazy that he doesnt go to work.= Paul is too lazy to go to work. He is too young to go to school.= He is so young that he cant go to school. 21.The next morning, my sister and I got a terrible surprise. (P. 71)the next morning“第二天早上”，是以過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)某一時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)的第二天早上We started the next morning.第二天早上，我們出發(fā)了

15、。next morning“明天早上”，是以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的第二天早上We will visit him next morning.我們明天早上會(huì)去看望他。get a surprise吃驚，in surprise驚奇地，驚訝地，to ones surprise讓（使）某人吃驚的是。surprised形容詞對(duì)感到驚訝，形容人She was surprised at the surprising news.她對(duì)這則驚人的新聞感到驚訝。surprising形容詞令人驚奇的，形容事物22.When we looked out of our tent, we saw a big snake sleeping

16、 near the fire. look out“向外看” look out of表示“向外看”。Dont look out of the window in class. look out還可以表示“小心”，“對(duì)小心”23.I was so scared that I couldnt move. (P. 71)1）scared為形容詞，意為“感到驚慌的”，修飾人。 At, he was really scared. 剛開始時(shí)他非常害怕。be scared of sth(=be afraid of sth)害怕某物，be scared to do sth.（=be afraid to do s

17、th）害怕做某事。2）scary, adj. 可怕的，恐怖的，常用來(lái)修飾事物 The story is very scary. 這個(gè)故事非?？植?）move可作及物動(dòng)詞， “移動(dòng)、搬動(dòng)、使改變位置（或姿勢(shì)）”。： He moved the sofa to the left. 他把沙發(fā)移到左邊。move還可作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“離開、動(dòng)身遷移、搬家”。例如：搬到某地常用move to + 地點(diǎn)，但當(dāng)副詞作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，此時(shí)可省略掉to。拓展：move house搬家 move to Wanzhou搬到萬(wàn)州 24.My dad started to jump up and down in their

18、tent. (P. 71) start to do sth. 和start doing sth.一般情況下，兩者可以互換。up and down意為“上上下下；到處；上下地”，25.This woke the snake up and it moved into the forest near the lake. (P. 71) wake up 叫醒wakeupwake sb. up 意為“把某人叫醒”，后面可以跟名詞或代詞; 跟名詞時(shí)可以放在wake up的后面或中間; 但是如果是跟代詞的話應(yīng)放于 wake up 的中間。Wake them up on time. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)叫醒他們。26.My

19、dad told me later that snakes dont have ears but can feel things moving. (P. 71)feel sb do sth感覺某人做過(guò)什么 feel sb doing sth感覺某人正在做什么 He felt his heart beating 他覺得他的心在跳。英語(yǔ)中表示感官的動(dòng)詞，例如see, hear, feel 等動(dòng)詞后可以接動(dòng)詞-ing 短語(yǔ)，see/watch/feel/hear sb. doing sth.表示“看到/觀察到/覺得/聽到某人正在做(某事)”

20、。 I can hear the children singing in the classroom. 我能聽見孩子們正在教室里唱歌。27.He also told me it was important not to go near a snake. (P. 71)It is adj（for sb）to do sth. 做某事是的It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花費(fèi)某人一些時(shí)間做某事。28.This was a very useful lesson for me. (P. 71) lesson在本句中意為“教訓(xùn)，經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，是可數(shù)名詞。teach sb. a

21、lesson表示“給某人一個(gè)教訓(xùn)”。learn a lesson意為“得到一次教訓(xùn)”。 You should teach him a lesson. 你應(yīng)該教訓(xùn)他一頓。拓展：lesson作名詞時(shí)還可以表示“功課，課”，多用復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可以指具體的“一堂課，一節(jié)課”，多用單數(shù)形式。例如： She gives the children lessons in music. 她給孩子們上音樂(lè)課。 They usually have four lessons in the morning. 上午他們通常有四節(jié)課一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)含義表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的

22、狀態(tài)1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作2)表示經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)3）表示客觀真理時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday, in 2017, just now, the other day（前幾天）an hour ago（以前）/ two years agolast night/week/month/ year/ Monday/the day before yesterday（前天）when（當(dāng)什么的時(shí)候） he was youngalways, often, sometimes,usually, every day/week/year 結(jié)構(gòu)Be型: 主語(yǔ)+ was/were+（表狀態(tài)）行為動(dòng)詞型：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

23、+Be :主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+(表狀態(tài))行為動(dòng)詞型:主語(yǔ)+V.原形/V.三單形式+. 【語(yǔ)法講解】一般過(guò)去時(shí)（II）1一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt）are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent）帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were放到句首。3句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子

24、否定句：didnt +動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句：在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday?疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：1一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫

25、末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-ed，如：study-studied5不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：    am,is-was       are-were,        do-did,               see-saw, 

26、0;        say-said     give-gave,      get- got,        go-went,              come-came,   

27、;     have-had, eat-ate,        take-took,       run-ran,              sing-sang,        put-put, make-ma

28、de,      read-read,       write-wrote,          draw-drew,        drink-drank, fly-flew,       ride-rode, 

29、0;     speak-spoke,          sweep-swept,      buy-bought swim-swam,      sit-sat          bring-brought        can-could         cut-cut become-became   begin-began      draw-drew             f