初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納

1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ) +助動(dòng)詞 have,has+過(guò)去分詞用法：1) 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just, usually, already,since 等時(shí)間副詞連用。I have just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了。 )He has had a cup of tea.不(渴了，不用再喝。 )They have already had their holiday. 不(能再度假了。 )The boy has already read the book.已(經(jīng)知道書(shū)的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了。)2) 詢問(wèn)別人是否做過(guò)某事一般用現(xiàn)

2、在完成時(shí)：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3) 表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作4) 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過(guò) 地方，做過(guò) 事情，經(jīng)歷過(guò) 事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去過(guò)， have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.(人已經(jīng)回來(lái)

3、 )He has gone to London.人(還在那里 )5) 表示一種結(jié)果， 一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型變化：變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. / No, I have not.特殊疑問(wèn)句What have you done?What has he done?一

4、般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過(guò)去時(shí)。注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。錯(cuò)： I ve left Beijing for 3 days.對(duì)： I left Beijing 3 days ago.I have been away from Beijing for 3 days.知識(shí)提升：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：1.構(gòu)成： have / has + 過(guò)去分詞2.功能：(1) 表示過(guò)去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與yet, just, before,recently, lately(最近 ), ever, never等

5、表時(shí)間的副詞搭配使用。? . He hasn't seen her lately.? . I haven't finished the book yet.(2) 表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，常與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如： so far(迄今為止 ), up till now( 直到現(xiàn)在 ), since, for a long time(很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 ), up to present(直到現(xiàn)在 ), in the past / in the last fewyears(在過(guò)去的幾年里 ), these days(目前 )? . He has w

6、orked here for 15 years. ? . I have studied English since I came here.? . The foreigner has been away from China for a long time.? . So far, I haven't received a single letter from my brother.(3)某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 (即：動(dòng)作開(kāi)始便終止的動(dòng)詞 )，在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)搭配。黃金要點(diǎn)：I. 常見(jiàn)的非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞： die, arrive(到達(dá) ), join( 加入 ), leave(離

7、開(kāi) ), go, refuse(拒 絕),fail( 失敗 ), finish, buy, marry, divorce( 離婚 ), awake(醒), buy, borrow, lend . ( 背三遍 !)II. 這類動(dòng)詞并非不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而是不能接常由for 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。III. 但若是用在否定句中，非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。? . She has gone away for a month誤.()? . She has been away for a month正()? . The man has died for two years.誤()? .

8、The man has been dead for two years正.()? . How long have youbought the book?(誤)? . How long have you got the book.(正)(4)注意 since 的用法：? . They haven't had any trouble since they came here.? . It has been ten years since we met last time.? . He has been here since 1980.? . He has been here since t

9、en years ago.幾組對(duì)比：? . He has gone to Shanghai.他到上海去了。? . He has been to Shanghai.他去過(guò)上海。? . She has gone.她已走了。 ? . She is gone. 她缺席了。 (或者她死了。 )? . The door has been closed. 門(mén)關(guān)上了。 (動(dòng)作 )?. The door is closed. 門(mén)是關(guān)著的。 (狀態(tài) )測(cè)試精編1. The prices _ going up all the time in the past few years. A. keep B. kept C

10、. have kept D. are keeping2. For the whole period of two months, there _ no rain in this area. A. is B. will be C. has been D. have been3. Today is Jane's wedding day. She _ John.A. have just married with B. was just married toC. has just been married to D. just has been married to4. No wonder the flower have withered, they _ any water for ages. A. hadn't B. haven't C. haven't had D. ha