譯林版9年級英語上冊教案課件-第4課-閱讀題型訓(xùn)練猜測詞義題

1、閱讀題型訓(xùn)練：猜測詞義題一、總述 :猜測詞義題主要考查文章中出現(xiàn)的詞或詞組的意思。常見的考查方式為要求考生推測出生詞或者詞組的漢語意思、英語近義詞或者詞組的引申義。在中學(xué)階段的英語閱讀考試中,主要考查對文章中生詞的理解。因此,我們在本學(xué)期的報紙中將重點向同學(xué)們介紹推測生詞含義的方法。閱讀理解文章中對生詞的考查有的是考查影響文章理解的非常重要的超綱詞匯 ,還有的是考查一詞多義的單詞在文中的含義。二、方法介紹 :總的來說 ,推測生詞含義有兩種方法,即通過詞根詞綴和通過上下文來推測。1. 通過詞根詞綴推測生詞的含義。在英語中一個基本詞根加上各種不同的詞綴構(gòu)成不同詞性或不同詞義的單詞 ,叫衍生詞。一般

2、前綴改變詞義 ,后綴改變詞性。例如 :(1)前綴表示否定的前綴un-:real 真實的 unreal 不真實的表示否定的前綴dis-:advantage 優(yōu)勢 disadvantage 劣勢意為 "再次 "的前綴 re-:appear 出現(xiàn) reappear 再次出現(xiàn)(2)后綴將動詞變成名詞的后綴 -er:work v.工作 worker n.工人將動詞變成形容詞的后綴-able:drink v. 喝 drinkable adj.能飲用的將名詞變成形容詞的后綴-ous:courage n勇.氣 courageous adj勇.敢的2. 通過上下文推測生詞的含義。常用的通過上

3、下文來推測生詞含義的方法有四種,即同義法、反義法、邏輯法和常識法。(1)同義法 :利用定義或解釋來推測生詞的意思。用動詞 be, mean或詞組 refer to 給出前面生詞的含義。例如:Facility is a place used for a particular purpose or activity, usually including buildings. (facility 供特定用途的場所 )通過舉例的方法給出生詞的含義。例如:After a day of hunting, Harold was ravenous. Yesterday, for example, he ate

4、 two bowls of soup, salad, a large chicken, and a piece of chocolate cake before he was finally satisfied. (ravenous 饑餓的 )通過生詞后括號內(nèi)或者破折號后的內(nèi)容給出生詞的含義。例如:They ended in a draw (To finish a game without either team winning). (end in a draw 雙方打成平手 )通過生詞的同位語或定語給出生詞的含義。例如:Hes adentist, thats to say, aperson

5、whose job is to take care of peopl s teeth. (dentist牙醫(yī) )(2)反義法 :通過后面表示轉(zhuǎn)折意思或者對比關(guān)系的詞來推測生詞的意思。在閱讀過程中 ,如有表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞but, though, however 等和表示對比關(guān)系的詞或表達(dá) unlike, different from, on the contrary 等出現(xiàn) ,那就表明這些詞語的前后就是兩個完全相反的概念。例如:He is a punctual boy, but he was late this morning. (punctual守時的 )(3)邏輯法 :利用句子間的類比、因果、遞

6、進(jìn)等邏輯關(guān)系推測生詞含義的方法。表示類比的詞或表達(dá)有the same as, similarly, in the same way等；表示因果關(guān)系的詞或表達(dá)有as a result, therefore, because, so, consequently, due to等；表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞或表達(dá)有and then, even, in fact等。例如 :The English class was delayed because the teacher was ill. (delay推遲 )(4)常識法 :利用科普知識和生活常識推測生詞含義的方法。例如:The snake slithered

7、through the grass. (根據(jù)蛇的生活習(xí)性 ,我們能夠推斷出slither的意思為 "爬行 "。)三、常見的提問方式 :1. The underlined word "land" in the last paragraph probably means "_".2. The expression "negative picture" most probably means "_".3. The underlined word "victory" in Para-

8、graph 5 means "_".4. The word "delay" in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by "_".5. The word "passionate" in the middle of the passage is the closest in meaningto "_".真題重現(xiàn) :例 1:. For many centuries and in all countries, people have studied the weathe

9、r and tried to make weather forecasting. Rings around the sun are a sign of wet weather. That many people feel their joints (關(guān)節(jié) ) hurt is a sign of wet weather. Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly near the ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way. If you see a rain-bow

10、 during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine. Such rainbows come in the evening . (宿遷市中考題閱讀理解 A 篇)Which of the following can be used here to replace (取代 ) the underlined phrase "on the way"?A. awayB. goneC. disappearingD. coming解析 :在本段第四句的前半句我們得知當(dāng)好天氣來臨的

11、時候 ,一些鳥會飛得很高。 后半句用一個轉(zhuǎn)折詞表示反義 ,即壞天氣的時候這些鳥會有怎樣的表現(xiàn)。因此 ,我們可以推斷出后半句的 on the way 和前半句的 coming 意思是一樣的。因此 ,正確答案為 D。例 2:One day when some government officials were rebuilding a barn(谷倉 ), they found a mouse hole in a corner and used smoke to force the mice inside the hole to come out. A while later they indee

12、d saw mice running out, one after another. Then, everyone thought that all the mice had escaped. But just as they began to clean up, they saw two mice squeezing (擠 ) out at the mouth of the hole. With some efforts, the mice finally got out. However, it was strange that after they came out of the hol

13、e, they did not run away immediately. Instead, one chased after the other near the mouth of the hole. Itseemed that one was trying to bite 咬() the tail of the other. Everyone was puzzled, so they stepped nearer to take a look. They realized that one of the mice was blind and could not see anything,

14、and the other was trying to allow the blind mouse to bite on his tail so that he could pull the blind one with him to escape. After seeing whathappened, everyone was speechlessand lost in thought. During the meal time, the group of people sat down in a circle and started to chat about what happened

15、to the two mice. One serious American official said, "I think the relationship between those two mice was that of king and guard." The others thought for a while and said, "That was why!" A smart French said, "I think the relationship between the two mice was that of husband

16、 and wife." Again the others thought for a while, and all felt it madesense .武(漢市中考題閱讀理解C 篇)"it made sense" probably means _.A. it was correct B. it was strange C. it was funny D. it was sweet 解析 :根據(jù)前面兩段的描述 ,我們可以推測出這兩只老鼠的關(guān)系很密切。 在第四段一位美國官員猜測它們是皇帝和侍衛(wèi)的關(guān)系 ,其他官員表示有這種可能。接著 ,在第五段一位法國官員推測它們是夫

17、妻關(guān)系 ,這也是有可能的。這時 ,我們就可以猜測出 it made sense和前面的 that was why 有相似的意思 ,即都表示有這種可能。因此 ,正確答案為 A 。例 3:In every little girl s toy box, there might be a Barbie Doll. Barbie is 50 years old this year. It was designed in 1959 by an American businesswoman named Ruth Handler. She and her husband Elliott started the

18、 toy company Mattel. She named the new doll after their daughter Barbara. The first Barbie Doll appeared at the toy fair 交(易會 ) inNew York on March 9th, 1959. This date is used as Barbie -day.Mattelsbirthsold three hundred thousand Barbie Dolls in the first year at a price of three dollars. Today, a

19、 fifty-year-old Barbie in good condition might cost more than twenty-seven thousand dollars. Mattel says 90% of the girls in the United States aged from three to ten own at least one Barbie Doll. And girls aged three to six own average 平(均 ) of about twelve. When Mattel created Barbie Dolls half a c

20、entury ago, they never thought this dollwould become a legend. Now Barbie Dolls are famous all over the world. They are sold in one hundred and fifty countries, and every second three Barbie Dolls are sold around the world.( 福州市中考題閱讀理解 B 篇 )What does the underlined word "legend" mean in th

21、e passage?A. 傳播B. 傳奇C. 傳承D. 傳述解析 :根據(jù)前面幾段的敘述 ,由 Barbie Dolls 誕生到現(xiàn)在的銷售、購買者的年齡以及它經(jīng)久不衰的流行度可推知這是個傳奇。因此,正確答案為 B。小試牛刀You should have many things to have a good life. Motivation is an important one.What is motivation? Motivation is something that allows you to go after and get what you want in life. You need motivation when you do many things in life. For example, if you want to change your character, to start a new habit or to be-come a better child, you need motivation.So how can you develop motivation? Here are a few things that you should do:1You should make sure that you