英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌欣賞ppt課件

1、 Evaluation and Appreciation of English Poetry“The literature that is written in some kind of verse form. -a readers definition“the best words in the best order. -Samuel Taylor Coleridge“not the assertion that something is true, but the making of that truth more fully real to us. -T.S. EliotLiteratu

2、re that is not prose 1.a musical effect created by rhythm and sounds2.a precise and fresh imagery3.multiple levels of interpretation by the connotation of closer words and by allusions.The Musical Effect of Poetry .The Musical Effect of Poetry Poetry has its roots in song.epics, ballads, traveling b

3、ards, minstrels Musical effects are mainly created by rhythm. Foot-a group of syllables forming a metrical unit, a unit of rhythm.Meter-the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables used in poem. 伐木丁丁，鳥鳴嚶嚶。伐木丁丁，鳥鳴嚶嚶。 四言詩(shī)四言詩(shī)欲窮千里目，更上一層樓。欲窮千里目，更上一層樓。 五言詩(shī)五言詩(shī) 春風(fēng)又綠江南岸。春風(fēng)又綠江南岸。 七言詩(shī)七言詩(shī)monometer單音步單音步) pe

4、ntameter五音步五音步dimeter 雙音步雙音步 hexameter 六音步六音步trimeter三音步三音步 heptameter 七音步七音步tetrameter 四音步四音步 octameter 八音步八音步雪壓冬云白絮飛雪壓冬云白絮飛 1 2 3 4 tetrameter Twinkle twinkle little star tetrameter 陰平、陽(yáng)平、陰平、陽(yáng)平、 上聲、去聲上聲、去聲 平平 仄仄老夫喜作傍晚頌，滿目青山夕照明。老夫喜作傍晚頌，滿目青山夕照明。仄平仄仄平平仄，仄仄平平仄仄平。仄平仄仄平平仄，仄仄平平仄仄平。 平仄互協(xié)平仄互協(xié)“音樂(lè)的和有趣的思想結(jié)合音樂(lè)

5、的和有趣的思想結(jié)合 愛倫愛倫坡坡 “欲調(diào)曼聲，必諧三聲欲調(diào)曼聲，必諧三聲“平、上、去平、上、去 高低疾徐抑揚(yáng)頓挫高低疾徐抑揚(yáng)頓挫 漢語(yǔ)四腔調(diào)的特征漢語(yǔ)四腔調(diào)的特征陰平聲輕，陽(yáng)平聲重，上聲后而舉，去聲清而遠(yuǎn)陰平聲輕，陽(yáng)平聲重，上聲后而舉，去聲清而遠(yuǎn) stressed-accent 重音重音揚(yáng)揚(yáng)unstressed-unaccented 輕音輕音抑抑five metric patterns 音律音律 1Iambic 抑揚(yáng)格抑揚(yáng)格 : control2Trochaic 揚(yáng)抑格揚(yáng)抑格 : tiger3Anapestic 抑抑揚(yáng)格抑抑揚(yáng)格 : contradict4Dactylic 揚(yáng)抑抑格揚(yáng)抑抑格 :

6、 foolishness5Spondaic 揚(yáng)揚(yáng)格揚(yáng)揚(yáng)格 : moonstone l The sky is high, the clouds are pale. -iambic tetrameter 四步抑揚(yáng)格 l Double double toil and trouble Fire burn and cauldron bubble -Shakespeare Its trochaic tetrameter. (四步揚(yáng)抑格)lLike a child lLike a child from the wombfrom the womb Like a ghost Like a ghost from

7、the tombfrom the tomb I a r i s e a n d I a r i s e a n d inbuilt it again.inbuilt it again. -Shelley-Shelley - - - - A n a p e s t i c - - - - A n a p e s t i c t e t r a m e t e r a n d t e t r a m e t e r a n d trimetertrimeter l Id a dream to-night, As I feel asleep -anapestic and iambic dimeter

8、Elegy written in a Country Churchyard - - - - - T h o m a s GrayThe curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowing oer the lea,The plowman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and me. The cur few tolls the knell of par ting day , The low ing herd wind slo

9、w ing oer the lea , The plow man homeward plodshis weary way , And leaves the world to dark ness and me . There was a young la dy of Ni ger Who smiled as she rode on a ti ger They returned from the ride With the la dy in side And the smile on the face of the ti gerA poem for appreciation-good and ha

10、rmonious combination of rhythm and rhyme.My Hearts in the Highlands. -Robert BurnsMy hearts in the Highlands, my heart is not here,My hearts in the Highlands a-chasing the dear,A-chasing the wild deer and following the roe-My hearts in the Highlands, wherever I go? Farewell to the Highlands, farewel

11、l to the North,The birthplace of valor, the country of worth,Wherever I wonder, wherever I rove, The hills of Highlands for ever I love. Farewell to the mountains high covered with snow, Farewell to the straths and green valleys below,Farewell to the forests and wild-hanging woods,Farewell to the to

12、rrents and loud-pouring floods.* Rhyme (rime) 大江歌罷掉頭東大江歌罷掉頭東 dong a 邃密群科濟(jì)世窮邃密群科濟(jì)世窮 qiong a rime together面壁十年圖破壁面壁十年圖破壁, bi b難酬滔海亦英雄難酬滔海亦英雄. xiong a A book of verse underneath the bough, A jug of wine, a loaf of bread - and thou, Beside me singing in the wilderness,O, wildness were paradise enow.The

13、first, second and fourth line rime together.From Omar Kheyyan-by Edward Fitzgerald 美酒佐干糧，美酒佐干糧， 樹蔭誦詩(shī)章，樹蔭誦詩(shī)章， 君喉歌宛轉(zhuǎn)，君喉歌宛轉(zhuǎn)， 荒漠即天堂?；哪刺焯谩?郭沫假設(shè)譯郭沫假設(shè)譯 Types of Rhyme1.1. End rhyme尾韻- rhyme established at the end of verse line.2. Internal rhyme 中間韻- rhyme contained within a line of verse. Spring -Thomas N

14、ashSpring, the sweet spring, is the years pleasant kingThen blooms each thing, then maids dance in ringCold doth not sting, the pretty birds do sing.Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo! The palm and may make country houses gayLambs frisk and play, the shepherds pipe all day,And we hear ay birds tun

15、e this merry layCuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!The fields breathe sweet, The daisies kiss our feet;Young lovers meet,Old wives a-sunning sit;In every street these tunes our ears do greetCuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!Spring! the sweet spring:The first stanza:spring-thing-stingking-ring-s

16、ingThe second stanza:may-play-aygay-day-lay The third stanza:Sweet-meet-streetFeet-sit-great Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!3. Slant rhyme- an inexact rhyme where the final consonant sounds are the same but the vowel sounds are different. near rhyme, half-rhyme, partial rhyme.And by his smile,

17、 I know that sullen hall, By his dead smile, I know we stood in hell. 1.4. Eye rhyme- the rhyming of two words which look as if theyd rhyme, but do not.e.g. move - love1) One syllable rhyme 押?jiǎn)雾嵮簡(jiǎn)雾峯r single rhyme -usually called as masculine rime, male rime. 2) Double rhyme 押雙韻押雙韻-rhyme in which two

18、consecutive syllables of the rhyme words match. The first syllable carries the stress.Lightness,elegance feminine, female rhymee.g: motion-ocean waken-forsaken audition-rendition3) Triple rhyme 三重韻三重韻e.g: glorious-victorious* Other musical devices - the use of sounds 1. Alliteration 首字韻首字韻 - repetit

19、ion of two or more initial consonants sounds in words within a verse line. e.g: When fortitude has lost its fire, And freezes into fear. Itylus -SwinburneSwallow, my sister, o, sister, swallow, Why wilt thou fly after spring to the South, The soft south wither thine heart is set.bag and baggageMight

20、 and mainhale and heartyTime and tide wait for no manthick and thinfit as a fiddlea pig in a poke12. Onomatopoeia 擬聲詞- the use of a word whose sound suggests its meaning or which imitates the sound made by an object or creature.e.g: cuckoo, jug-jug. 3. Assonance 半諧詞半諧詞 - the repetition of two or mor

21、e vowel sounds within a line e.g: lake-fate feed-needs mate-shape 4. Consonants 押輔音押輔音- the repetition of two or more consonants sounds within a line. e.g: The splendor falls on castle walls. Homework: The Tyger -William BlakeTyger! Tyger! burning brightIn the forests of the NightWhat immortal hand

22、or eyeCould frame thy fearful symmetry?In what distant deeps or skiesBurnt the fire of thine eyes?On what wings dare he aspire?What the hand dare seize the fire?And what shoulder, and what art,Could twist the sinews of thy heart?And when thy heart began to beat,What dread hand? and what dread feet?

23、What the hammer? What the chain?In what furnace was thy brain?What the anvil? What dread graspDare its deadly terrors clasp?When the stars threw down their spearsAnd watered heaven with their tears.Did he who made the lamb make thee?Tyger! Tyger! burning brightIn the forests of the night.What immort

24、al hand or eyeDare frame thy fearful symmetry?Whats the Tyger standing for?What does it symbolize for ? God B. the natures power C. the people D. revolution Rhythm Foot or Foot or m e t e r : m o s t l y 3 m e t e r : m o s t l y 3 feet in one line- feet in one line- trimetertrimeterMetric Metric p

25、a t t e r n : m o s t l y p a t t e r n : m o s t l y trochaic trochaic Tyger ! Tyger ! burning bright, In the forests of the night , What im mortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearfulsymmetry ?Trochaic trimeter ending with an extra accented syllable Rhyme Every two lines have the same rime, this is

26、 called rhyme in couple.An accented one syllable S i n g l e r h y m e - - -masculine rhyme Strong and powerful Trochaic pattern - a strong rhyme Short sentences Less feet -add the strength to the poem So, Blake purposely uses the devices of rhythm and rhyme: male rhyme, less feet, and short metric

27、pattern. All add more effect to the poem and give the readers a strong impression.Other music devices 1.1. Alliteration - creating the powerfulness of the “Tyger. Burning bright, distant deeps, began to beat, dare its deadly terror clasp 2. Repetition lPerfect repetition lPerfect repetition of the f

28、irst stanza at of the first stanza at the end of the poem.the end of the poem.lThe frequent use of lThe frequent use of t h e w o r d t h e w o r d “ d r e a dd r e a d repeatedly reminds the repeatedly reminds the reader that the Tyger reader that the Tyger is to be feared.is to be feared.The patte

29、rn of the The pattern of the questions are insistently questions are insistently repeated. repeated. What dread hand? And what dread feet?What the hammer? What the chain?What the anvil? What dread grasp ?To strengthen the music effect of the poem and powerfulness of the Tyger. Conclusion All the dev

30、ices mentioned above in this poem strongly support the suggestion that Blake intended in it. (the poem) Blake, in fact, is pondering the nature of the God. Is this God cruel or gentle? He does not answer it directly, he raised so many questions for readers to think about. But by reading and analyze

31、the poem, we come to know about that whatever the Tyger is, it is a powerful and fearless creator. Forms of Poetry . Forms of Poetry 英詩(shī)的方式英詩(shī)的方式 Simplicity to varietyThe forms of English poetry are decided by the verse lines in each stanza, or one stanza.1. Couplet 雙行詩(shī)雙行詩(shī)Two lines, the same rhyme One

32、 prospect lost another still we gain,And not a vanity is givn in vain.3.3.三行體三行體 A. triplet The Poetry of Dress - R. HerrickWhere is silk my Julia goes Then, then how sweetly flows a ouThat liquefaction of her clothesNext, when I cast mine eyes and seeThat brave vibration each way free b i: O how th

33、at glittering taketh meB. terza rima 意大利三韻句意大利三韻句 The rime scheme of this kind: aba bcb, cdc, ded, Theres a palace in Florence, the world knows well.aAnd a statue watches it from the square.bAnd this story of both do our townmen tell.aAges ago, a lady there.bAt the farther window facing the eastcAsk

34、ed, who rides by with the royal air?b3. Quatrain 四行體詩(shī)四行體詩(shī) A. One stanza quatrain The Rain - R. L. StevensonThe rain is raining all round,.aIt falls on fields and tree,.bIt rains on the umbrellas here, .cAnd on the ships at seabB. More stanza quatrain Freedom and Love - T. CampbellHow delicious is th

35、e winning of a kiss at loves beginningwhen two mutual hearts are sighingFor the knot theres no untyingYet remember, midst your wooinglove has bliss, but love has ruiningOther smiles may make you fickleTears for other charm may trickle My Love Is Like a Red, Red Rose - Robert BurnsO, my Luves like a

36、red. red rose, Thats newly sprung in June;O, my Luves like the melodie Thats sweetly playd in tune. As fair art thou, my bonnie lass, So deep in luve am I;And I will luve thee still, my dear, Till a the seas gang dry.Till a the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi the sun:And I will luve th

37、ee still, my dear, While the sands o life shall run.And fare thee weel, my only love, And fare thee weel a while!And I will come again, my luve, Though it were ten thousand mile.C. Ballad Stanza 民謠四行詩(shī)民謠四行詩(shī) Sir Patrick Spens - an old Scotland balladThe firstline that sir Patrick readA loud laugh laug

38、hed he;The heist line that sir Patrick readThe tear blinded his eeThey hadnt saild a league, a leagueA league but barely threewhen the lift grew dark, and the wind blew landa gurly grew the sea4. Five line stanza 五行詩(shī)體五行詩(shī)體 To A Skylark - P.B. Shelleyhail to thee, blithe Spirit!Bird thou never wert,Th

39、at from heaver, or near it, Bourest they full heartIn profuse strains of unpremeditated art.Higher still and higher,From the earth thou springestlike a cloud of Fire;The blue deep thou wingest,And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest.5. Six line stanza 六行詩(shī)體六行詩(shī)體 The Moon - ShelleyAnd lik

40、e a dying lady lean and palewho totters forth, wrappd in a gauzy veilOut of her chamber, led by the insaneAnd feeble wandeings of her fading brainThe moon arose up in the murky eastA white and shapeless mass6. Seven line stanza 七行詩(shī)體七行詩(shī)體 Pentameter Iambic, ababbcc Rape of Lucrece - ShakespeareWhen th

41、ey had sworn to this advised doomThey did conclude to bear dead lucrece thenceTo show her bleeding body through RomeAnd so to publish Tarquins fon offencewhich being done with speedy diligenceThe Romans plansibly did give consentTo Tarquins everlasting banishment7. Eight line stanza八行詩(shī)體八行詩(shī)體 A. Ottav

42、a RimaPentameter iambic, abababcc Don Juan - ByronJuan and haidee gazed upon each other withswimming looks of speechless tendernesswhich mixed all feeling, friends, child, lover,brother All that the best can mingle and expressAnd love too much, and yet cannot love lessBut almost santify the sweet ex

43、cessBy the immortal wish and power to blessB. Triolet 法國(guó)體八行詩(shī)法國(guó)體八行詩(shī)Only two rime: ABaAabaA A Kiss - Austin DobsonRose kissed me today,Will she kiss me tomorrow,let it be as it may,Rose kissed me today.Rose kissed me today,Will she kiss me tomorrow,let it be as it may,Rose kissed me today. 8. Nine lin

44、e stanza 九行詩(shī)體九行詩(shī)體Spenser- Spenserian Stanza ababbcbcc Faerie Queene - Spenser (略略)9. Ten line stanza 十行詩(shī)體十行詩(shī)體 Ode to the Nightingale - J. KeatsMy heart aches, and a drowsy numbness painsMy sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, Or emptied some dull opiate to the drainsOne minute past, and I Lethe-

45、wards had sunk:Tis not through envy of thy happy lot, But being too happy in thine happiness,-That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees,In some melodious plotOf beechen green, and shadows numberless,Singest of summer in full-throated ease.10. Sonnet 十四行詩(shī)十四行詩(shī) A. love sonnet the octave - the first 8

46、lines: abba, abbathe sestet - the last 6 lines: cde, cde, cdc, dcd On His Blindness - John MiltonWhen I consider how my light is spentEre half my days, in this dark world and wide,And that one talent which is death to hideLodged with me useless, though my soul more bentTo serve therewith my Maker, a

47、nd presentMy true account, lest He returning chide,-Doth God exact day-labour, light denied?I fondly ask:- But Patience, to preventThat murmur, soon replies; god doth not needEither mans work, or His own gifts: who bestBear His mild yoke, they serve Him best: his stateIs kingly;thousands at his bidd

48、ing speedAnd post oer land ocean without rest;-They also serve who only stand wait.B. Shakespearean SonnetRhyme scheme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg A Sonnet by ShakespeareThat time of year thou mayst in me beholdWhen yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hangUpon those boughs which shake against the coldBare

49、ruined choirs where late the sweet birds sangIn me thou seest the twilight of such dayAs after sunset fadeth in the west,Which by-and-by black night doth take awayDeaths second self that seals up all in restIn me thou seest the glowing of such fireThat on the ashes of his youth dorth lieAs the death

50、bed whereon it must expireConsumed with that which it was nourished byThis thou perceivst, which makes thy love more strongTo love that well which thou must leave ere long.Wordsworth 華茲華斯華茲華斯 Shakespeare unlocked his hearta glow-worm lampIt cheered mild Spenser, called from fairy-landTo struggle thr

51、ough dark waysand when a dampFell round the path of Milton, in his handThe Thing become a trumpet, whence he blewSoul-animating strains-alas, too few!. ImageryImagery-is t he use o f descriptive lang uage to recreate sensory experiences.An image is a verbal picture of an object, action, abstract ide

52、a, or sensation.Images often are created by using figures of speech. 1 1. Metaphor-A comparison of unlike items, the comparison is directly stated.e.g. All the world is a stage. 1.2. Simile- the direct comparison of two unlike items, using the words “l(fā)ike or “as to complete it.e.g. Helen, thy beauty

53、 is to me like those Nicear barks of yore - Allan Poe “ To Helen1.3. Personification- the figure of speech which assigns human qualities to inanimate objects or abstractions.e.g. Because I could not stop for death He kindly stopped for me. -Emily DickinsonThe Moon doth with delightlook round her whe

54、n the heavens are bare. -William Wordsworth 4. Metonymy- literally “a change of name, a figure of speech in which the name of some object or idea is substituted for another name to which it has some relation.e.g. When I consider how my light is spent. - John MiltonThe Serpent that did sting the fath

55、ers lifeNow wears his crown. - Shakespeare (Serpent Stands for Claudius)1.5. Synecdoche- a figure of speech in which a part of an object is used to represent the whole object or idea. E.g. Not marble, nor the gilded monuments of princes, shall outline this powerful rhyme - Shakespeare “Sonnet 551.6.

56、 Apostrophe- a figure of speech in which an inanimate object, a dead person, or an abstract idea is addressed directly. e.g. Hail to thee, blithe spirit! Bird thou never went - Percy Bysshe Shelley1.7. Hyperbole- an exaggeration used to give emphasise.g. The brain is wider than the sky - Emily Dicki

57、nson1.8. Litotes- a figure of speech in which an idea is expressed by understatement or by denying its opposite.e.g. . Feelings too, Of unremembered pleasure: such, perhaps, As have no slight or trivial influence On that best portion of a good mans life, - William Wordsworth1 9. Paradox- a statement

58、 which is an apparent contradiction contains a basis of truth which, when considered, reconciles the seeming opposite.e.g. Im nobody! Who are you? - Emily DickinsonMy youth is spent, and yet I am not old. - C. TichborneOxymoron is a poetical paradox Such as “o, loving hate!1 10. Pun- a play on two w

59、ords pronounced somewhat alike but differing in meaning.Other devicesImages also can be created by other devices. 1) SymbolismThe use of an object, person, reason, animal or other concrete item to represent an abstract idea or an emotion. 2) AllusionA reference to an outside event, person, or fact.

60、Most allusion in pre-twentieth century poetry referred to events in people from classical Greek mythology or the Bible. More often in the twentieth century poets one finds allusions to current events or personage. Types of Poetry1 1. The Lyric poem A lyric poem is a poem of limited length, expressin