2018屆上海高考英語一模試題之時態(tài)語態(tài)專題復習

1、第3講時態(tài)語態(tài)專題【奉賢】grammar schools (22)(establish) hundreds of years ago to teach theLatin language to children who were not from rich families.【虹口】 2. There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food

2、 is awful, and they (21)(treat) unfairly.3. “The real problem is that the whiners don' t feel they are being taken seriously, ” said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., L td. "(30)(give) them advice or perspectives attentively and the problem will usually disappear.”【黃浦】4. N

3、ationally,Norway (23) _has experienced (experience) an 11%increasein tourism in the past decade.5. From just 1,000 tourists in the whole of 2010, Trolltunga, a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain, (24) _saw(see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone.【金山】 6. With often nothing m

4、ore than a pencil in hand, the 47-year-old artist produces elaborate drawings that could easily 22(mistake) for the work of anymodern digital camera.【閔行】7. I had just started working in geriatrics(老年病科).Mr. McMahon 21(bring) in when his body was found very swollen(浮月中的)【浦東】8. The Hollow Flashlight i

5、s madefrom Peltier tiles (珀耳貼貼片)that produce energy when one side 26(heat) and the other side remains cool.【青浦】 9. Kevin assumedthe person on the boat (22) (jump) out of it. "Then I heard a warning signal with a loud sound," says Kevin, now 42.“That' s (23)I realized somebody was in tr

6、ouble. ”10. thought it was a life jacket,“ he says."When I caught up to it, I realizedit (25)(attach) to a person. ”【松江】11. We got up early to see the cows as they (23) _were milked(milk).I even tried my hand at milking one, and then joined the farmer as he released the cows into the field afte

7、rward.【徐?匚】12. Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh' s OliveTrees, whenit (22) (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.【楊浦】13. According to lifes

8、tyle website , slurping (發(fā)出"哧溜"聲)when eatingnoodles (23)(encourage) in Japanese culture.【長寧嘉定】14. 21 (Create) a system that can routinely hire and prepareteachers effectively and can support successful teaching is the arena (競技場)in which the United States 22 (fall) behind the most.15. Even

9、 if they do, there is little guarantee that the quality of teaching 30(improve). Although there are good reasons to argue for stringer evaluation practices for removing incapable teachers and for recognizing excellent ones, a theory that the major problems with teaching can be solved by carrots and

10、sticks alone leaves the development of teaching abilities to chance.【靜安】16. To business with garbage containers (polluted ' with more than 10recyclables, warning (27)(issue). If they fail to take action, fines are expected.【普陀】 17. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer

11、 in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21)_ (rise) by 43% and 17%,respectively so far.18. The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales last year less than 1% of RVs produced domestically (27) (ship) to foreign markets may improve, too.【寶山】19. The best beliefs are the ones that

12、 (22) _will be cherished/ are cherished( cherish) throughout a lifetime. Onebelief I cherish above all others is the power and enjoyment of reading.20. Books (30)_ _helped (help) me through difficult periods and applauded me in times of celebration. Books always makemesmile. That' s the biggest

13、reason I believe in reading, because it will make you happy.【崇明】21. People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28) (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)是兩個非

14、常重要的語法范疇，構(gòu)成了英語語法的基本框架，幾乎所有動詞的考查都必須 借助于時態(tài)和語態(tài)來完成。高考試題在考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)的同時，還兼顧其他語法內(nèi)容的測試，比如各種從 句、強調(diào)句、倒裝句等，其交叉式和復合式的特點尤為明顯。其考點主要包括：1 .注重在語境中考查常見時態(tài)的區(qū)別，如一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時、一般現(xiàn)在時（過去時）與現(xiàn)在（過去）進行時的區(qū)別等。要求準確判斷動作和時間的關系，正確理解時間概念，如是現(xiàn)在、過去還是將來，是時間段、時間點還是時間瞬間。2 .遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原則，考查在狀語從句等特定語言環(huán)境中時態(tài)的代替。要求吃透語境，摸清命題人的意圖，善于捕捉句子中所隱含的時間信息，

15、克服漢語式的慣性思維。3 .把語態(tài)與時態(tài)結(jié)合在一起，進行綜合考查。各種常用時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成，仍是高考命題的熱點之一,而且題干中有效信息越來越隱蔽，試題難度呈現(xiàn)加大的趨勢。要求明確謂語動詞與主語的關系，分清是主動還是被動。4 .考查主動形式表示被動意義。對語境理解能力的要求逐步提高，且要重視有特殊用法的動詞的運用。重點知識梳理、高考?？嫉膸追N易混時態(tài)的辨析1. 一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時（1） 一般現(xiàn)在時主要用于習慣性或經(jīng)常性動作，常伴隨使用 usually , often , seldom等頻度副詞；現(xiàn)在進 行時主要用于表示目前或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)，常跟now/, at present

16、 等時間狀語。He usually writes a lot of letters, but he isn't writing at present.他經(jīng)常寫許多信，但他現(xiàn)在沒在寫。（2）表示客觀事實或普遍真理時，要用一般現(xiàn)在時，不能用現(xiàn)在進行時。The Earth goes around the Sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。2. 一般過去時與過去進行時（1） 一般過去時表示一個完成的動作，而過去進行時表示過去某一階段正在進行的動作。I was reading a novel last night.昨晚我在看小說（可能沒看完）。I read a novel last night.我昨晚看了

17、一本小說（已經(jīng)看完了）。（2） 一般過去時用于表示一個單純動作，過去進行時用于表示過去一段時間反復做的動作。Did he ask questions他提問題了嗎He was asking questions all the time.他始終在提問題。（3）一般過去時表示過去某個時刻發(fā)生的動作（側(cè)重說明事實），過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間發(fā)生的動作（強調(diào)在這一過程中所進行的動作或展開的情景）。He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午畫了一張畫（昨天下午他做了這么一件事）。He was drawing a picture yesterday

18、afternoon.他昨天下午在畫一張畫（昨天下午他一直在畫畫，沒干別的事）。（3） 一般過去時表示過去某個時刻發(fā)生的動作（側(cè)重說明事實），過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間發(fā)生的動作（強調(diào)在這一過程中所進行的動作或展開的情景）。He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午畫了一張畫（昨天下午他做了這么一件事）。He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午在畫一張畫（昨天下午他一直在畫畫，沒干別的事）。3. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時（1）兩者都表示發(fā)生在過去的動作。但現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去動作與現(xiàn)在

19、的關系，主要說明現(xiàn)在的情況；一般過去時強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系。例如：They've gone to Paris.他們到巴黎去了（說明他們現(xiàn)在去巴黎了，不在這里）。They went to Paris.他們?nèi)ミ^巴黎（只說明去過，不表明是否現(xiàn)在仍在那里）。（2）現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去發(fā)生到現(xiàn)在一段時間內(nèi)的任何時間，可與so far , up to now, lately , ever since等表示包括現(xiàn)在一段時間的狀語連用，但不能和表示過去時間的狀語連用；一般過去時表示的是過去某一特定時間或與現(xiàn)在無關的某一過去時間。I haven't seen the fi

20、lm yet.我還沒看過這部影片（到目前為止）。I saw the film the day before yesterday.我前天看的這部電影（表明看電影的時間是在前天）。4. 過去完成時與一般過去時（1） 一般過去時通,常與具體過去時間狀語連用；即使沒有時間狀語，根據(jù)具體的語言環(huán)境，我們也可以作出明確的判斷。（2）過去完成時是一種相對的時態(tài)，表示在過去某時刻之前發(fā)生。時間參照點與一般過去時不同，一般過去時是對現(xiàn)在說話時刻而言，過去完成時則是與過去某一時刻而言的，即“過去的過去”。5. 一般將來時與將來進行時一般將來時表示對“現(xiàn)在時刻”來說，將要發(fā)生的動作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài)；而將來進行時表示

21、將來的某一時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作。She is sixteen , who will be seventeen next year.她十六歲，明年將十七歲。What will you be doing at this time next Monday下周一這時候你將會在做什么呢6. 一般將來時與將來進行時一般將來時表示對“現(xiàn)在時刻”來說，將要發(fā)生的動作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài)；而將來進行時表示將來的某一 時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作。She is sixteenwho will be seventeen next year.她十六歲，明年將十七歲。What will you be doing a

22、t this time next Monday下周一這時候你將會在做什么呢（2）現(xiàn)在完成進行時往往表示動作在重復，現(xiàn)在完成時則常常不帶重復性。如：Have you been meeting her lately（經(jīng)常相見 ）Have you met her lately（不重復發(fā)生）（3）現(xiàn)在完成進行時比較生動，有時含有明顯的感情色彩；而現(xiàn)在完成時往往只說明一個事實、一種影響或結(jié)果，平鋪直敘，沒有什么感情色彩可言。如：Recently Mary has been doing her homework regularly.（顯然是在表揚瑪麗 ）Recently Mary has done her

23、 homework regularly.（只說明一個事實 ）二、固定句型中的固定時態(tài)在某些固定句型里往往有固定的時態(tài)要求，請體會下列句子中時態(tài)的運用：1. This/It is the first/second. time I have done sth.That/It was the first/second. time I had done sth.2. It is two years since he went abroad./It was two years since he had gone abroad.3. I was about to go out when the telep

24、hone rang.4. Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang.5. No sooner had I got home than the telephone rang.6. It won't be long before he comes back./It wasn't long before he came back.7. I didn't manage to understand it until he had explained it again.8. 祈使句+ and（or/or else/otherwise

25、）+并列分句（并列分句中謂語動詞多用一般將來時）三、被動語態(tài)1 .被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成英語中的及物動詞一般都有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種形式。主動語態(tài)是無標記的，而被動語態(tài)則是有標記的。被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be +過去分詞”構(gòu)成.-o助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)和語氣的不同而變化。被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)形式見下表：x現(xiàn)在過去o蟲將來一般is/dm/口e doiwwas/.ene doftewill Ml be daflFwwjld should be dkm味進行i's/ain/aj? bei” done看晅/ere being dewwilPahtall be being donewouldL

26、should be Mi黑 done完成luveJhas tiEem doilebad beefl d口Mwilt shall haved口口£would ' Hhould bal e been idatle知i港行l(wèi)ia.re-,lias been beifts： rkartEhad been ki哼 doneMill diall have been beany Imewould shEnild) e berrt Lei no： d帕2 .主動形式表示被動意義的幾種情況(1)英語中有很多動詞，如 break , catch , clean , drive , look ,

27、open, sell , read , write , wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達被動意義，主語通常是物；在這種情況下，常常和easily , well等副詞連用。This kind of cloth washes well. 這種布好洗。The sign reads as follows.這牌子告示如下。This material won't wear.這種材料不耐穿。The machine runs well.這種機器運轉(zhuǎn)良好。特別提醒：主動語態(tài)表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。(2)表示感受、感官的系動詞fe

28、el , sound , taste , look等后跟形容詞、名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，無被動形式。Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由聽起來合理。在need, want, require , deserve , bear等動詞、worth等形容詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。The house needs repairing/to be repaired.這所房子需要修理。(4)在某些“主語(人/物)+be +形容詞+不定式”中不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice,easy, fit , hard , diff

29、icult , important , impossible , pleasant , interesting 等。The problem is difficult to work out.這道題很難計算出。(可看作to work out 省略了 for me)(5)be to rent/blame/let也屬于主動形式表被動意義。Who is to blame for the mistake誰應為這個錯誤接受譴責The houses are to let.這些房子有待出租。(6)介詞in , on, under等十名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義。表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之意，

30、其意義相當于該名詞相應動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。常見的有：under control受控制；under treatment 在治療中；under repair在修理中;under discussion 在討論中；under construction 在施工中；beyond belief 令人難以置信；beyond one'sreach 鞭長莫及；beyond one's control無法控制；beyond our hope 我們始料不及；for sale 出售；for rent 出租；in print 在印刷中；in sight 在視野范圍內(nèi)；on sale 出售；

31、on show 展出；on trial 受審；out of control 控制不了； out of sight 超出視線；out of one's reach 夠不著；out of fashion不流行。如：The rumor is beyond belief( = can't be believed) .那個謠言令人難以置信。Today some treasures are on show( = are being shown)in the museum.今天一些珍寶正在博物館展出。高中英語語法精選100題()1. Ms Nancy didn t mind at all t

32、o the ceremony.A. being not invitedB. not being invited C. not invitingD. not to beinvited ()2.A. How a great successC. How great successB. What a great successD. What great success your meeting is! ” he offere d them his sincere congratulations.()3. We must remember that fashion is not the most imp

33、ortant thing in life.A. /; theB. /; /C. the; /D. the; the()4.It quite a few years the accused was declared innocent andset free.A. was; since B. is; thatC. will be; whenD. was; before()5.The professor said he could talk on interested the audience.A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the

34、 topic he thought it()6.Under no circumstance to tell lies to parents.A. children are allowedB. are children allowedC. children will allowD. will children allow()7.Modern science and technology has communication between people farapart.A. made convenientB. made it convenientC. made it convenient for

35、D. made it convenient to()8. I heard that you really had a wonderful time at John' s birthday party,A. didn' t I B. didn' t you C. hadn ' t you D. will you()9.The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things to teach you the art of learning.A. asB. thatC. thanD. b

36、ut()10.No matter how frequently the works of Beethoven always attract alarge number of people.A. performing B. performedC. to be performed D. being performed()11.their real economic situations, they got some relief fund from thegovernment.A. ConsideringC. Having been consideredB. ConsideredD. Being

37、considered()12.A. mustn' tTina have known the truth, or she would have told us.B. shouldn ' t C. can ' tD. needn ' t()13.A. is the matterC. is the wrong ()14.A. LackingC. Because of lack()15. In recent yearsskills.There are some police cars in front. What do you supposeB. is happened

38、D. the trouble isof water makes Death Valley a desert, but it is by no means devoid.B. Being lackD. Lack much more emphasis has been put developing the students productiveA. ontoB. inC. overD. on()16. A survey was carried out on the death rate of those who were infected by SARS,weresurprising.A. as

39、resultsB. which resultsC. the results of itD. the results of which()17.The organization broke no rules, but had it acted responsibly.A. neitherB. soC. eitherD. both()18. Many workers were organized to clear awayremained of the World Trade Center.A. thoseB. thatC. whatD. where()19.My train arrives in

40、 NewYork at eight o' clock tonight. The plane I wouldlike to take from there by then.A. would leaveB. will have leftC. has leftD. had left()20. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds his arguments in favor of the new theory. A. to be based onB. to base onC. which to base onD. on whic

41、h to base()21 .evidence that language acquiring ability must be stimulated.A. If beingB. It isC. There is D. There being()22. Professor Wang ,for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students.A. knowing B. knownC. to be knownD. having known()23.In fact Peter would rather have left fo

42、r San Francisco than in NewYork.A. to stayB. stayedC. stayD. having stayed()24.You him so closely; you should have kept your distance.A. shouldn't followB. mustn't followC. couldn't have been followingD. shouldn't have been following()25.There has been a great increase in retail sale

43、s ,?A. does thereB. isn't thereC. hasn't thereD. isn't it()26. It is the news most parents of the hope that there is a safe and socially approvedroad to a kind of life they themselves have not had, but their children can.A. that depriveB. that it deprivesC. that deprivesD. when it depriv

44、es()27.We hadH t met for 20 years, but I recognized her I saw her .A. the momentB. for the momentC. the moment whenD. at the moment when()28.On hearing a great noise, Mike looked forward through the windowwhat happened outside the room.A. to seeingB. to seeC. seeingD. to have seen()29.You be driven

45、out of the school if you dare to cheat in the exam.A. shouldB. wouldC. willD. shall()30.Everyone hopes that we can do something to make things better, so we can' thelp under the stress.A. but working B. but to work C. workD. but work()31.We all think that no need to make laws to prevent the youn

46、g fromgetting married during their college life.A. it isB. there hasC. it hasD. there is()32.Postage, the necklace will cost you at least 650 yuan.A. includingB. includedC. includeD. to be included()33.With his eyes on the family album, he thought of the fun he hadA. fixing ()34.A. before ()35. if i

47、t.A. is ()36.A. was reportedC. were reported ()37. with a girl.A. went out ()38.when he lived with his parents.B. fixedC. to be fixed D. being fixedGeorge applied for the position three times he finally got it.B. untilC. whenD. afterThis robot is supposed to save a lot of labor, but it remains a pro

48、blemB.savesC. doesD. hasThere were many more people who got injured in the big fire thanB. it was reportedD. they were reportedHe doesn' t know what to say, for it is the first time that heB. goes out C. has gone out D. had gone outwhich way to take, the little boy behaved like a real gentleman

49、who comforted his sister from time to time.A. Leaving to wonderB. Having left to wonderC. Left wonderingD. Left to wonder()39.During the tourist season, there are many people wandering in this cityA. to be builtto see the old castles in the sixteenth century.B. being builtD. built) 40.A. they willWh

50、en do you thinkB. will theystart the new attackC. they canD. can they)41. Some 25,000 people were reportedin the ever recorded worst earthquake inIran, which occurred late this month.A. were killedB. to be killed C. killingD. to have been killed) 42.the teacher s suggestion, Tom finally found a way

51、to settle theproblem.A. FollowingB. To followC. FollowD. He followed) 43.that no one was ever prepared for it.A. So suddenly did the bad news comeB. So suddenly the bad news cameC. So did the bad news come suddenlyD. Did the bad news come so suddenly) 44.the friendshipbetween our two people last for

52、ever! ” , and withthis sincere hope, the president concluded his speech.)45.A. CouldB. MayC. WouldWe need a more capable leader,D. Mustwith strong will and as well asgood humour.A. whoB. thatC. oneD. which)46. Many peopleattend variouspublic lectures,chieflythemselves familiar with thelatest develop

53、ment of different fields.) 47.A. gettingB. to getIt is no longerC. to have gota problemD. gotthe poor children in this district cango to school.A. thatB. whetherC. soD. because) 48. Of all the applicants,do you think is fit for the position) 49.A. whoB. whoeverC. whomeverD. whicheverPart of the work

54、 is to be finished today andby this weekend.A. anotherB. the othersC. the restD. the other) 50.Generally speaking, the hard one works,A. the better he gets resultB. the better result he gets) 51.C. he gets better resultD. does he get better resultWith the worldwide oil crisis, the price of oil has b

55、een raised15%.A. aboutB. withC. ofD. by) 52. The lectures,the current international issues, are well received.A. are covered B. coveredC. coveringD. to cover) 53. Peter is very angry aboutof the changed timetable.C. having been builtA. not informingB. not being informed C. being not informedD.not to

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