人郵計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)第三版課后習(xí)題答案

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Unit 1 Ex. 1根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題(1) A general-purpose computer has four main sections. They are the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices, collectively termed I/O. They are interconnected by busses, often made of groups of wires.(2) The co

2、ntrol unit is often called a control system or central controller. (3) Read the code for the next instruction from the cell indicated by the program counter. Decode the numerical code for the instruction into a set of commands or signals for each of the other systems. Increment the program counter s

3、o it points to the next instruction. Read whatever data the instruction requires from cells in memory, or perhaps from an input device. The location of this required data is typically stored within the instruction code. Provide the necessary data to an ALU or register. If the instruction requires an

4、 ALU or specialized hardware to complete, instruct the hardware to perform the requested operation. Write the result from the ALU back to a memory location or to a register or perhaps an output device. Jump back to the first step. (4) The two classes of operations ALU is capable of performing are ar

5、ithmetic and logic.(5) Logic operations involve Boolean logic: AND, OR, XOR and NOT.(6) A computer's memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered "address" and can store a single number.(7) The two principal varieties of com

6、puter main memory are random access memory or RAM and read-only memory or ROM. (8) In a PC, the specialized program called the BIOS orchestrates loading the computer's operating system from the hard disk drive into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset. (9) Software that is stored in R

7、OM is often called firmware because it is notionally more like hardware than software.(10) I/O is the means by which a computer receives information from the outside world and sends results back.Ex. 2根據(jù)下面的英文解釋，寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的英文詞匯(1) input (2) microprocessor (3) program (4) bus (5) hardware (6) memory (7) outp

8、ut (8) cell (9) register (10) addressEx. 3把下列句子翻譯為中文(1) 他進(jìn)城的目的是買一臺(tái)新計(jì)算機(jī)。(2) 大多數(shù)在線服務(wù)都有自己的瀏覽器。(3) 軟盤(pán)可以是雙倍密度的或者高密度的。(4) 公式包括單元的地址。(5) C語(yǔ)言也許最適宜被稱為“中級(jí)語(yǔ)言”。(6) 每一個(gè)瀏覽器都有內(nèi)置的功能來(lái)理解HTML。(7) C語(yǔ)言是世界上最流行的計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言之一。(8) Java技術(shù)既是一種編程語(yǔ)言，也是一個(gè)平臺(tái)。(9) 實(shí)際上，一個(gè)視窗管理器可以被看作是命令行操作系統(tǒng)的圖形用戶界面。(10) 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)處理用戶對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的操作請(qǐng)求。Ex. 5將下列詞填入適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?/p>

9、（每詞只用一次）(1) hardware (2) operate (3) device (4) other (5) effective (6) moving (7) considered (8) designer (9) exists (10) speed Ex.6根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題(1) The computer enclosure is used to protect the components and circuitry housed therein from physical damage, and to prevent electromagnetic signals genera

10、ted by components of the computer from escaping and causing electromagnetic interference (EMI) to other electronic devices in the vicinity of the computer.(2) A typical computer enclosure includes a chassis, an expansion card seat, a front bezel and a plurality of components connectable to external

11、apparatus and systems.(3) A general computer system is basically built with a motherboard, interface cards and peripherals. (4) The motherboard is the physical arrangement that contains the system's basic circuitry and components.(5) Memory is a semiconductor storage device for holding programs

12、or data. There're three basic forms of memories. They are dynamic storage, non-volatile memory and static memory. In dynamic storage, data must be constantly refreshed and data are erased when power is no longer applied to the cell. In non-volatile memory, data remains permanently in the cell ev

13、en when power is not applied, and in static memory data does not need to be refreshed but its data is lost when power is no longer applied to the cell.(6) RAM differs from ROM in that when power is disconnected from RAM, the data stored in random access memory is lost whereas when power is disconnec

14、ted from ROM the data stored in read only memory remains. (7) ROM can be further categorized into a programmable read only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), and electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM). Whereas, RAM can be further categorized into a s

15、tatic random access memory (SRAM) and a dynamic random access memory (DRAM).(8) A computer data processor is often referred to as a microprocessor. A microprocessor is a circuit that combines the instruction-handling, arithmetic, and logical operations of a computer on a single semiconductor integra

16、ted circuit. Microprocessors can be grouped into two general classes, namely general-purpose microprocessors and special-purpose microprocessors.(9) A hard disk drive (HDD) is a device that stores or reproduces data in a desired storage location by moving its magnetic head to the desired location in

17、 a head load state. The hard disk drive is standard equipment for personal computer, server or industrial computer.(10) Generally, the HDD is electrically connected with a motherboard of the computer by means of a signal cable assembly and a power cable assembly interconnected between the motherboar

18、d and the switching power supply.Unit2 Ex. 1根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題(1) A cathode ray tube (CRT) displays a picture by displaying a plurality of pixels on a screen using electric charges which are discharged from a cathode ray tube and impact a fluorescent plate. (2) CRT monitors are large and bulky due to the la

19、rge vacuum tubes that enclose the cathode and extend from the cathode to the faceplate of the display. Additionally, CRTs require a relatively high voltage power supply to sufficiently accelerate electron beams for displaying images. (3) The flat panel display may include a liquid crystal display (L

20、CD), a plasma display panel (PDP), an organic light emitting display (OLED), and a field emission display (FED), etc.(4) A printer is an image formation device which receives data from a host computer and then forms a corresponding image onto a recordable medium such as a sheet of paper. (5) Dot-imp

21、act printer, inkjet printer, laser printer, and thermal printer the most popular printers.(6) Inkjet printing has gained wide acceptance by consumers in the printing industry because it is fast in printing speed and is a relatively inexpensive form of printing and yet it produces high resolution pri

22、nted images.(7) The laser printer has advantageous operating characteristics of low noise, high speed and high resolution.(8) A sound card often includes a powerful numeric processor, such as a digital signal processor (DSP), which can perform frequency modulation synthesis for the various functions

23、 of the sound board. (9) In typical networks, computer systems use NICs to enable them to communicate over networks with other computer systems. (10) A network interface card typically provides a physical connection between a host and a network or networks, as well as providing media access control

24、(MAC) functions that allow the host to access the network or networks.Ex. 2根據(jù)下面的英文解釋，寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的英文詞匯(1) screen (2) monitor (3) pixel (4) cathode (5) faceplate (6) voltage (7) reciprocate (8) continuous (9) resolution (10) characterEx. 3把下列句子翻譯為中文(1) 操作系統(tǒng)是管理計(jì)算機(jī)資源的程序。(2) 典型的計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)包括數(shù)據(jù)記錄和文件的集合。(3) 壓縮過(guò)的文件通常要使

25、用像PKZip或WinZip這樣的實(shí)用工具軟件解壓。(4) 只通過(guò)行號(hào)和列標(biāo)（如“A1”）來(lái)調(diào)用單元格稱作相對(duì)引用。(5) 軟盤(pán)不能保存太多的數(shù)據(jù)，但絕大多數(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)都能夠讀取它們的信息。(6) 萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)涉及因特網(wǎng)上所有可以公共訪問(wèn)的文檔。(7) 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)允許用戶對(duì)安全性和數(shù)據(jù)完整性請(qǐng)求進(jìn)行控制。(8) 要執(zhí)行數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算，函數(shù)比公式更有效。(9) 在更大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，從一個(gè)交換點(diǎn)到另一個(gè)交換點(diǎn)的旅行被稱為“中繼”。(10) 統(tǒng)一資源定位符基本上就是賦給瀏覽器的一個(gè)文件的地址。Ex. 5將下列詞填入適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫吭~只用一次）(1) laser (2) mix (3) layers (4) heat

26、(5) cooled (6) become (7) controlling (8) reflect (9) absorb (10) digital (11) results (12) reformedEx.6根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容填空(1) five, a major technological development(2) vacuum tubes, magnetic drums, very expensive, heat(3) machine language, one(4) UNIVAC, ENIAC computers(5) transistors, punched cards, printou

27、ts(6) symbolic, or assembly, languages, to specify instructions in words, COBOL, FORTRAN(7) the integrated circuit, a mass audience, smaller and cheaper(8) The microprocessor, a single silicon chip(9) IBM, 1984(10) artificial intelligence(11) Quantum computation, nanotechnology(12) natural language

28、input, learning and self-organizationUnit3Ex. 1根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題(1) Computer software consists of programs. It enables a computer to perform specific tasks. The term includes application software, system software and middleware.(2) A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor

29、 instructions (object codes), which change the state of the computer from its preceding state. (3) System software helps run the computer hardware and computer system. It includes operating systems, device drivers, diagnostic tools, servers, windowing systems, utilities and more.(4) Programming soft

30、ware usually provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs and software using different programming languages in a more convenient way. The tools include text editors, compilers, interpreters, linkers, debuggers, and so on. (5) Application software allows end users to accomplish

31、 one or more specific (non-computer related) tasks. Typical applications include industrial automation, business software, educational software, medical software, databases, and computer games.(6) They are platform software, application software and user software.(7) Platform software includes the f

32、irmware, device drivers, an operating system, and typically a graphical user interface. (8) Typical examples of application software are Office suites and video games.(9) User software includes spreadsheet templates, word processor macros, scientific simulations, and scripts for graphics and animati

33、ons.(10) Instructions may be performed sequentially, conditionally, or iteratively. Sequential instructions are those operations that are performed one after another. Conditional instructions are performed such that different sets of instructions execute depending on the value(s) of some data. In so

34、me languages this is known as an "if" statement. Iterative instructions are performed repetitively and may depend on some data value. This is sometimes called a "loop". Ex. 2根據(jù)下面的英文解釋，寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的英文詞匯(1) load (2) compile (3) value (4) instruction (5) interpret (6) alphabet (7) assembler

35、 (8) utility (9) communication (10) programmer Ex. 3把下列句子翻譯為中文(1) 機(jī)器語(yǔ)言由一些能被特殊處理器所理解的未加工的數(shù)字組成。(2) 任何一個(gè)特別病毒的實(shí)際效果取決于編寫(xiě)該病毒的程序員是如何編程的。(3) 幾個(gè)月不升級(jí)的抗病毒軟件面對(duì)當(dāng)前的病毒不能提供什么保護(hù)。(4) 一般地說(shuō)，內(nèi)存以千字節(jié)或兆字節(jié)來(lái)度量，磁盤(pán)空間以兆字節(jié)或吉字節(jié)來(lái)度量。(5) 超文本傳輸協(xié)議是瀏覽器自己的協(xié)議，一般用于傳遞HTML格式的文件。(6) 局域網(wǎng)是一個(gè)由相互接近的、特別是在一個(gè)房間內(nèi)或一個(gè)建筑內(nèi)的計(jì)算機(jī)連接起來(lái)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。(7) 對(duì)于移動(dòng)用戶來(lái)說(shuō)，防火墻允許通

36、過(guò)使用安全登錄規(guī)程和鑒定證書(shū)來(lái)遠(yuǎn)程訪問(wèn)私有網(wǎng)絡(luò)。(8) 從因特網(wǎng)用戶的觀點(diǎn)看，下載文件是從另一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)（或從另一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)的網(wǎng)頁(yè)）上請(qǐng)求它并接收它。(9) 在1957年蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射了人造地球衛(wèi)星之后，美國(guó)軍事部門開(kāi)始建立高級(jí)研究計(jì)劃署（ARPA）以資助一些有時(shí)與軍事含糊地相關(guān)的研究。(10) 通常一個(gè)芯片組被集成在一個(gè)芯片上。Ex. 5將下列詞填入適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫吭~只用一次）(1) related (2) customers (3) fields (4) information (5) accessible (6) emphasis (7) mainframe (8) implies (9) meth

37、od (10) directory Unit4Ex. 1根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題(1) An operating system is the core software component of your computer. It performs many functions and is, in very basic terms, an interface between your computer and the outside world. (2) It translates commands from the operating system or user into commands

38、understood by the component part it interfaces with. It also translates responses from the component part back to responses that can be understood by the operating system, application program, or user. (3) System tools (programs) are used to monitor computer performance, debug problems, or maintain

39、parts of the system.(4) Because operating systems are written by human programmers who can make mistakes. (5) Errors in operating systems cause three main types of problems are system crashes and instabilities, security flaws and malfunctions.(6) A system crash is the act of a system freezing and be

40、coming unresponsive which would cause the user to need to reboot. (7) Unauthorized intruders may try to use these to gain illegal access to your system. You should patch these flaws often to help keep your computer system secure. (8) There are many types of operating systems. The most common is the

41、Microsoft suite of operating systems. (9) Time-sharing systems can be classified as multi-user systems and single-user operating systems. Multi-user computer operating systems allow multiple users to access a computer system simultaneously while single-user operating systems are usable by only one u

42、ser at a time. (10) Embedded operating systems are the operating systems designed for being used in embedded computer systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. Ex. 2根據(jù)下面的英文解釋，寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的英文詞匯(1) install (2) command (3) translate (4) mistake (5) release (6) contro

43、l (7) crash (8) instability (9) reboot (10) workstationEx. 3把下列句子翻譯為中文(1) 它把操作系統(tǒng)裝入內(nèi)存并啟動(dòng)操作系統(tǒng)。(2) 在計(jì)算機(jī)上，有兩種基本項(xiàng)目需要組織。(3) 字體可以用于計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕顯示和打印機(jī)的硬拷貝輸出。(4) 光纖是一個(gè)可以傳輸光束的玻璃細(xì)絲。(5) 當(dāng)你在鍵盤(pán)上輸入時(shí)，這些字符和數(shù)字就出現(xiàn)在監(jiān)視器上。(6) 內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)是私有網(wǎng)絡(luò)。許多內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)分散在世界各地。(7) 在計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上，文件夾通常看上去像黃色或藍(lán)色的紙文件夾。(8) 一旦完成源內(nèi)容的編碼，制作流媒體的過(guò)程就完成了。(9) 從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上說(shuō)，一個(gè)域名包括用圓點(diǎn)

44、隔開(kāi)一系列名稱（標(biāo)志）。(10) 你在顯示器上看到的視頻質(zhì)量取決于視頻卡和你所選擇的顯示器。Ex. 5將下列詞填入適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫吭~只用一次）(1) loaded (2) boot (3) applications (4) use (5) requests (6) defined (7) interact (8) through (9) command (10) graphicalEx.6根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容填空(1) let a number of programmers access the computer at the same time (2) This real-time sharing o

45、f resources(3) medium-sized minicomputers(4) multitasking capability, multiuser capability, portability, UNIX programs, library of application software(5) printing out one file, the user edits another file(6) compartmentalizing the document, don't override the changes of another user(7) permits

46、it to move from one brand of computer to another(8) integral utilities, tools(9) the kernel, which schedules tasks and manages storage, the shell, which connects and interprets users' commands, calls programs from memory, and executes them, the tools and applications that offer additional functi

47、onality to the operating system(10) the command driven Bourne Shell, the C Shell (no pun intended), menu-driven shells Unit5Ex. 1根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題(1) A data structure is a specialized format for organizing and storing data. General data structure types include the array, the file, the record, the table, th

48、e tree, and so on.(2) In computer programming languages, an array is a group of objects with the same attributes that can be addressed individually, using such techniques as subscripting. (3) Yes, it must.(4) Some operating systems and applications describe files with given formats by giving them a

49、particular file name suffix. (5) The organization of data in the record is usually prescribed by the programming language that defines the record's organization and/or by the application that processes it.(6) In computer programming, a table is a data structure used to organize information, just

50、 as it is on paper.(7) In data processing, a table, also called an array, is an organized grouping of fields. Tables may store relatively permanent data, or may be frequently updated.(8) In a relational database, a table, sometimes called a file, organizes the information about a single topic into r

51、ows and columns. (9) A decision table is often called a truth table. It contains a list of decisions and the criteria on which they are based.(10) An HTML table is used to organize Web page elements spatially or to create a structure for data that is best displayed in tabular form, such as lists or

52、specifications.Ex. 2根據(jù)下面的英文解釋，寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的英文詞匯(1) interrupt (2) record (3) table (4) list (5) subscript (6) suffix (7) define (8) row (9) sector (10) sortEx. 3把下列句子翻譯為中文(1) 星型拓?fù)渫ǔＳ呻p絞線實(shí)現(xiàn)，特別是非屏蔽雙絞線。(2) 視頻卡是計(jì)算機(jī)的一部分，它把視頻數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成你在顯示器上能看到的可視信息。(3) 多用戶操作系統(tǒng)允許不同的用戶同時(shí)利用計(jì)算機(jī)資源。(4) 地址是因特網(wǎng)上信息網(wǎng)站、一個(gè)特定文件（如網(wǎng)頁(yè)）或一個(gè)電子郵件用戶的唯一位置。(

53、5) 多年來(lái)，ARPA已經(jīng)在計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)研究方面資助了許多項(xiàng)目，其中很多都對(duì)現(xiàn)代工藝水平有深遠(yuǎn)的影響。(6) 當(dāng)然實(shí)際上，隨著更復(fù)雜軟件應(yīng)用的出現(xiàn)，計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言只不過(guò)又產(chǎn)生了軟件故障的新類型。(7) 計(jì)算機(jī)病毒是一個(gè)程序，當(dāng)首次感染可執(zhí)行文件或硬盤(pán)和軟盤(pán)的系統(tǒng)區(qū)域后開(kāi)始傳播自己并制作自己的拷貝。(8) 當(dāng)所有RAM都被使用了（如許多程序同時(shí)打開(kāi)），計(jì)算機(jī)就把數(shù)據(jù)交換到硬盤(pán)上，給用戶的印象是好像還有些內(nèi)存。(9) 編譯程序忽略全部注釋。(10) 你不用離開(kāi)Word就可以用電子郵件發(fā)送你的文檔。Ex. 5將下列詞填入適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫吭~只用一次）(1) database (2) random (3) re

54、cords (4) leaves (5) end (6) beyond (7) nodes (8) two (9) power (10) depth第十單元，Ex. 1根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題 (1) The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government conceived Internet in 1969 and was first known as the ARPANET. Its original aim was to create a network that would allow users of a r

55、esearch computer at one university to be able to "talk to" research computers at other universities. (2) The most widely used part of the Internet is the World Wide Web (often abbreviated "WWW" or called "the Web"). Its outstanding feature is hypertext, a method of inst

56、ant cross-referencing. (3) A browser is an application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web. (4) Technically, an Internet browser is a client program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to make requests of servers throughout the

57、Internet on behalf of the browser user. (5) A URL is the unique address for a file that is accessible on the Internet.(6) Hypertext is the organization of information units into connected associations that a user can choose to make. (7) TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the

58、 basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet).(8) TCP/IP and the higher-level applications that use it are collectively said to be "stateless" because each client request is considered a new request unrelated to any previous one (unlike ordinary phone con