井眼軌跡測(cè)量計(jì)算

1、一口井鉆完后需要了解井眼軌跡的形狀，以及是否打中了預(yù)計(jì)的目標(biāo)層。在實(shí)鉆過(guò)程中也需要及時(shí)了解已鉆井眼的軌跡形狀，以便判斷其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)及時(shí)采取措施進(jìn)行軌跡控制，這就需要進(jìn)行井孔測(cè)量并根據(jù)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行軌跡計(jì)算，這種井孔測(cè)量在工程術(shù)語(yǔ)中稱作測(cè)斜懸錘原理測(cè)量鉆孔頂角示意圖Inclination:Toolface:Magnetic NorthEarths Gravitational FieldVertical地磁場(chǎng)定向原理圖鉆孔方位角示意圖兩個(gè)同樣的線圈反方向繞線。交變電流通過(guò)主線圈產(chǎn)生磁場(chǎng)使芯飽和。如無(wú)外磁場(chǎng)，則電壓為零，因?yàn)榫€圈反方向。但是，若有外磁場(chǎng)存在，則一個(gè)鐵芯會(huì)比另一鐵芯提前飽和，引起電壓輸出錯(cuò)

2、相位，產(chǎn)生電壓脈沖。因此設(shè)置在與外磁場(chǎng)一定角度的檢測(cè)線圈會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)與通過(guò)磁環(huán)磁流變化率大小相對(duì)應(yīng)的電壓。而這個(gè)電壓的大小也與外磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度相對(duì)應(yīng)。所以三軸磁通門(mén)可以測(cè)定地球磁場(chǎng)沿三個(gè)正交軸線的分量。GGZ22yxGGzyxGGGtg22井斜井斜:yxGGtgGTF 高邊工具面角（GTF):GTFGyGx磁工具面角（MTF):yxHHtgMTF GHZ)()()(2212xxyyzyxzxyyxGHGHGGGHGHGHGVVtg方位方位:HyHxV1V2Mag. North222zyxGGGG驅(qū)動(dòng)器電子測(cè)量/定向短節(jié)旋轉(zhuǎn)閥脈沖器電池圖圖1 常見(jiàn)發(fā)射天線示意圖常見(jiàn)發(fā)射天線示意圖（a）垂直磁場(chǎng)天線）垂直

3、磁場(chǎng)天線（b）環(huán)形線圈耦合垂直電場(chǎng)天線）環(huán)形線圈耦合垂直電場(chǎng)天線（c）直接耦合垂直電場(chǎng)天線）直接耦合垂直電場(chǎng)天線圖圖3 天線延長(zhǎng)式天線延長(zhǎng)式EMMWD在深海鉆進(jìn)中的應(yīng)用在深海鉆進(jìn)中的應(yīng)用HSENABABAB12MI2 -I11I1A1 East NorthNorthI2 MD = R1 (I2-I1) (rad)2EastLength of arc of circle, L = RradA1R1LMD18018022IIMD 12121121I sinI sinIIMD180I sin RI sin RVertR1 VertI2 MD2111IcosRIcosRHorizR1R1I1I2I2)

4、IcosI(cosIIMD1802112211IcosIcosRHoriz HorizNA1A2L2 East2 NorthR21OA2A2-A1A1L2 = R2 (A2 - A1)RADEast = R2 cos A1 - R2 cos A2 = R2 (cos A1 - cos A2)1222AAL180Rso, DEG 1212121AAII2AcosAcosIcosIcosMDEast = R2 (cos A1 - cos A2)1222AAL180R)IcosI(cosIIMD1802112L22180East = 12121221AAIIAsinAsinIcosIcosMDNor

5、th = R2 (sin A2 - sin A1)1222AAL180R)IcosI(cosIIMD1802112L22180North = )()sin()sin()()()cos()cos()cos()cos()()()sin()sin()cos()cos(12121212212112121221IIIIMDVertAAIIAAIIMDEastAAIIAAIIMDNorth With all angles in radians! 1212AAAAsinsin 1221AAAAcoscos 1221IIIIcoscos 1221IIIIcoscos1212IIIsinIsin1I1 MD 2

6、I2I2I20Vertical Projection MD 221Icos2MDIcos2MDVert21Isin2MDIsin2MDHoriz 221121221121AIAI2MDA2HorizA1HorizEastAIAI2MDA2HorizA1HorizNorthsinsin,sinsinsin.sin.cossin,cossincos.cos. N EA1A2 Horiz.1 Horiz. 2Horizontal Projection1222112211IcosIcos2MDVertAsinIsinAsinIsin2MDEastAcosIsinAcosIsin2MDNorthRFIc

7、osIcos2MDVertRFAsinIsinAsinIsin2MDEastRFAcosIsinAcosIsin2MDNorth1222112211PrOrRDLQDL 22DLtanDL2RF )AA(cos1IsinIsin)I(Icos(DL) cos:follows as calculated is DL, angle, egoglD The122112DL = SPQR ArcSRPSRFDLr2DLtanr2DLtanr A curve representing a wellbore between Survey Stations A1 and A2. (A, I)DL)cos()

8、sin()sin()cos()sin(22222IMDVertAIMDEastAIMDNorth 2cos2cos2sin2sin2sin212, 12, 121212, 12, 121212, 12, 1LHLNLE孔內(nèi)測(cè)斜儀器的長(zhǎng)度STLSTLSTLLHSTLSTLLNSTLSTLLE)cos()cos()cos(2)cos()sin()cos()sin()cos()sin(2)sin()sin()sin()sin()sin()sin(22122, 12, 12222112, 12, 12222112, 12, 1)cos()cos()sin()sin()sin(22, 12, 1222, 12, 1222, 12, 1LHLNLE )()sin()sin()()()sin()sin()cos()cos()()()cos()cos()cos()cos(12122, 12, 1121212212, 12, 1121221212, 12, 1LHLNLE)cos()cos(2)cos()sin()cos()sin(2)sin()sin()sin()sin(2122 , 12