(全國通用)2020年中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法系列第二十講定語從句

1、定語從句一、定義概念：定語是用來修飾限定名詞或者代詞的成分，用來說明所修飾詞的品質(zhì)特征。可以充當(dāng)定語的有形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、 動名詞、分詞、介詞短語，當(dāng)由一個句子充當(dāng)定語時，我們把這個句子叫做定 語從句，定語從句屬于形容詞性從句。1. she is a beautiful girl.（形容詞）2. This is an apple tree.（名詞）3. Who is that girl?（代詞）4. I have three books.（數(shù)詞）5. The girl over there is his sister.（副詞）6. I have a lot of home

2、work to do.（不定式）7. There is a swimming pool.（動名詞）8. The baby sleeping in the room is 10 years 01d.（現(xiàn)在分詞）9. The house built last week needs repairing.（過去分詞）10. The girl in red is my sister.（介詞短語）以上10個句子中分別列舉了可以做定語的詞類。下面列舉定語是句子的情況， 也就是定語從句。定語從句需要掌握四個方面：主句、先行詞、關(guān)系詞、從句。 定語從句的先行詞一定是 名詞性的內(nèi)容（名詞、代詞；代詞其實是名詞性的

3、一種）1. I know the girl who is beautiful.主旬：I know the girl.先行詞：the girl關(guān)系詞：who （在從句中做主語）從旬： who is beautiful.2. Llost the book that/which _cost_me_10_yuan.主句：I lost the book.先行詞：the book關(guān)系詞：that/which （在從句中做主語）從旬：That/which cost me 10 yuan.3. She found a dogwhose eyes are blue.主旬：She found a dog先行詞：a

4、 dog關(guān)系詞：whose （在從句中作定語）從旬： whose eyes are blue4. I_still_remember_the day when _I_graduate_from_school.主旬：I still remember the day先行詞：the day關(guān)系詞：when （在從句中做時間狀語） 從旬： when I graduate from school.5. Do you know the place where he is from.主旬： Do you know the place先行詞：the place關(guān)系詞：where （在從句中做地點狀語） 從句：

5、where he is from.6. That's the reason why he is late for school. 主旬：Thats the reason 先行詞：the reason關(guān)系詞：why （在從句中做原因狀語）從旬： why he is late for school由以上例子可以看出，定語從句中有不同的關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為兩大類：關(guān)系代 詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞：that、which、who、whom、whose關(guān)系副詞： when、where > why關(guān)系詞的用法關(guān)系代詞：that-既可指人，也可指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。which 指

6、物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略.who-指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略whom一指人，做賓語，前面沒有介詞時可以省略，如果有介詞則不能省略whose一只能作定語，不能省略關(guān)系副詞：when做時間狀語where一做地點狀語why一做原因狀語關(guān)系詞詳細(xì)講解把兩個句子合并成定語從句，兩個句子一定要有一個共同的名詞部分， 才能建立 關(guān)系，首先找到兩個句子共同的名詞部分， 把第二個句子共同部分用關(guān)系詞來代 替，由此可以把兩個句子連接在一起，形成定語從句。、關(guān)系代詞that和which that：既可指人，也可指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。which指物，作主語，不能省略；作

7、賓語，可以省略.1 .This is a dream.The dream will never come true.第一個句子中的a dream 和第二個句子中的 the dream 是重復(fù)部分，dream 指物，由于在從句中做主語，可以用關(guān)系代詞that/which 來代替the dream ,就可以改寫為：This is a dream that/which will never come true.主句：This is a dream.先行詞：a dream關(guān)系詞：that/which（在從句中做主語，不可省略）從旬：that/which will never come true.2 .

8、 He likes the present.His mother bought it forhim.第一個句子中the present和第二個句子中it是重復(fù)部分，present指物，由 于在從句中做賓語，可以用關(guān)系代詞that/which來代替it ,就可以改寫為：He likes the present that/which his mother bought for him.主旬： He likes the present.先行詞：the present關(guān)系詞：that/which（在從句中做賓語，可以省略）從旬：that/which his mother bought for him.

9、二、關(guān)系代詞 who,whomf口 whosewho-指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略whom一指人，做賓語，前面沒有介詞時可以省略，如果有介詞則不能省略whose一只能作定語，不能省略1 .That is the boy.Hedid a very good job.第一個句子中the boy和第二個句子中he是重復(fù)部分，boy指人，由于在從句 中做主語，可以用關(guān)系代詞that/who來代替he,就可以改寫為：That is the boy that/who did a very good job.主旬：That is the boy先行詞：the boy關(guān)系詞：that/who （在

10、從句中做主語，不可省略）從旬：that/who did a very good job.2 .Do you know the old man.They talked about the old man.在第一個句子中the old man和第二個句子中the old man是重復(fù)部分，old man 指人，由于在從句中做賓語，可以用關(guān)系詞that/who/whom來代替the old man就可以改寫為：Do you know the old man that/who/whom they talked about?主旬： Do you know the old man先行詞：the old m

11、an關(guān)系詞：that/who/whom從旬：that/who/whom they talked about3 . We all like the boy.The boy' s name is Tom.在第一個句子中the boy和第二句中the boy ' s是重復(fù)部分，由于the boy ' s 是所有格的形式，所以用關(guān)系代詞 whose來代替the boy ' s,就可以改寫為We all like the boy whose name is Tom.主句：We all like the boy先行詞：the boy關(guān)系詞：whose （作定語來修飾the

12、boy ）從句： whose name is Tom.注意1:關(guān)系代詞做主語時，從句的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致1 .Anyone who finishes homework can go home.關(guān)系詞who在從句中做主語，謂語動詞取決于先行詞anyone, anyone屬于不定代詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，所以finishes用單三形式。2 . I found the dogs that were sleeping in the garden.關(guān)系詞that在從句中做主語，謂語動詞取決于先行詞the dogs, the dogs是負(fù)數(shù)形式，由于時態(tài)是過去時，所以 be動詞用were.注意:2:

13、關(guān)系代詞whom故賓語不能省略的情況當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞whon#有介詞時，whom能省略。如果介詞放在句子末尾，則whom 可以省略。1.I know the boy about whom they are talking.（whom#有介詞about,所以whom可以省略）=I know the boy whomthey are talking about.（whom#無介詞，可以省略）2. She is the girl with whom I usually go shopping .(whom#有介詞with ,所以whom可以省略)=She is the girl whomI usually

14、 go shopping with.(whom#無介詞，可以省略)注意3:關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況1 .當(dāng)先行詞是 all,much , any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing something或被它們修飾時(1) That' s all that I know.(2) Is there anything that I can do for you?(3) He answered few questions that the teacher asked.2 .當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時(1) That i

15、s the most interesting book that I have ever read.(2) The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.3 .當(dāng)先行詞有 the very, the only, the same , the last 等修飾時。(1) That' s the only thing that I can do now.(2) These are the very words that he used.4 .當(dāng)主句以who或which開頭時，為了避免重復(fù)，定語從句的關(guān)系詞用that, 而不

16、用which 或who.(1) Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?(2) Which is the pen that you lost ?5 .先行詞同時包括人和物時，關(guān)系詞用 that.(1) The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.(2) Can you tell me the people and the things that you saw in America.三、關(guān)系副詞 when where、whywhen做時間狀語二介詞+which1.

17、I will never forget the days.We studied together during the days.第一句中the days 和第二句中the days是重復(fù)部分，由于the days是時間，所以用表示時間的關(guān)系副詞 when來代替during the days ,就可以改寫為：I will never forget the dayswhen we studied together.=I will never forget the days during which we studied together.主旬：I will never forget the da

18、ys先行詞：the days關(guān)系詞：when=during which從旬： when we studied together.2.She will never forget the day.She was married on that day.第一句中的the day和第二句中的on that day 是重復(fù)部分，由于that day 指的是時間，所以用表示時間的關(guān)系副詞when來代替on that day.就可以改寫為：She will never forget the day when she was married.=She will never forget the day on

19、which she was married.主旬： She will never forget the day先行詞：the day關(guān)系詞：when=on which從旬：on which she was marriedwhere一做地點狀語=介詞+which1.I want to know the place.I was born in the place.在第一句中the place和第二句中the place是重復(fù)部分，由于the place指的 是地點，所以用表示地點的關(guān)系副詞 where來代替in the place.就可以改寫成：I want to know the place where I was born.=I want to know the place in which I was born.主旬：I want to know the place先行詞：the place關(guān)系詞：where=in which從旬： where I was born2.The ta