名詞性從句 8開

1、 名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞的功能，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。名詞性從句要用陳述語序。（一）主語從句1、主語從句在復(fù)合句作主語。e.g. Who will go is not important. Which team will win the match is still unknown. When she will be back depends on the weather. 2、用it作形式主語，主語從句放在句末。e.g. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come

2、or not.3、that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，不從當(dāng)句子成分，僅起引導(dǎo)作用，但不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. （二）表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語，位于系動(dòng)詞之后?？山颖碚Z從句的系動(dòng)詞有be、look、seem、sound、appear等。e.g. The question was who could go there. China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中國(guó)不再是過去的中國(guó)了。 The question remains whether they

3、will be able to help us. 問題還是他們能否幫我們。 （三）賓語從句1、賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略, 在及物動(dòng)詞后跟兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)that可省略。e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right. He said (that) the text was very important and that we should recite it by heart.2、某些表語形容詞如：sure, certain, glad, pleased, afraid, happ

4、y, surprised, satisfied等也可接賓語從句。 She felt sure that she had done the right thing. Im glad that hes feeling better now.（四）同位語從句 同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞（如：answer, belief, conclusion, decision , doubt，fact, hope, idea, information,message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, reply, s

5、tory, suggestion, thought, truth, view, word等）之后，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. There is no doubt that I am fit for this job. 名詞性從句按其引導(dǎo)詞的不同又可分為兩大類：一類是由從屬連詞that，if和whether引導(dǎo)的；一類是由who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whateve

6、r，whichever等連接代詞和where，when，how，why等連接副詞引導(dǎo)的。(一) that 連詞that本身沒有意義，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何句子成分。 I hear (that) he has joined the football club. 我聽說他已經(jīng)加入了足球俱樂部。 That light travels in straight line is known to all. 眾所周知，光是以直線傳播的。 Is it certain that they will win ？ 他們一定會(huì)贏嗎 ？(二) whether和if 連詞whether和if本身有意義（解釋是否），在從句中不

7、可省略。 （1）whether可以連接所有的名詞性從句，而if只能引導(dǎo)賓語從句。 I didnt know whether/if he would attend the concert. 我并不知道他會(huì)是否參加音樂會(huì)。（賓語從句，可用if代替whether） The question is whether its worth trying. 問題是值不值得試一試。（表語從句，不可用if代替whether） Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 她來不來都沒有關(guān)系。（主語從句，不可用if代替whether） He must answer th

8、e question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意此事這樣一個(gè)問題。（同位語從句，不可用if代替whether）（2） whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可作介詞的賓語，而if則不能。 It all depends on whether they will support us. 這完全取決于他們是否支持我們。(不用if) Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings. 瑞恩擔(dān)心是否傷害了她的感情。 （3）if既可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，也可引導(dǎo)賓語從句。如果用if會(huì)引起歧義，應(yīng)避免

9、使用if，而用whether。 Please let me know if you want to join us. 如果你想加入我們的話，請(qǐng)告訴我一聲。（if引導(dǎo)的從句可被看成是條件狀語從句，if表示如果） Please let me know if you want to join us. 請(qǐng)告訴我你是否想加入我們。（if引導(dǎo)的從句可被看成是賓語從句，if表示是否） Please let me know whether you want to join us. 請(qǐng)告訴我你是否想加入我們。（為避免引起歧義，可用whether表示是否） (3) who, whom, whose, what,

10、which 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which等在從句中既起連接作用，同時(shí)又擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語、表語等成分。 No one knows who/whom he was waiting for. 沒人知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在等誰。 We are worrying about what we should do next. 我們正在為下一步該怎么辦而煩惱。 Tell me whose house it is. 告訴我這是誰的家。 Let me know which train you will be arriving on. 告訴我你將乘哪列火車到達(dá)。(四) where, w

11、hen, how, why(1) 連接副詞where, when, how, why等在從句中既是連接詞，又作狀語。 I dont know where we are going to have the meeting.我不知道我們將在哪兒開會(huì)。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。 What I am anxious to know is when we can visit the museum. 我急于知道我們什么時(shí)候能參觀博物館。 (2) 比較： when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句和名詞性從句中的不同時(shí)態(tài)。 Plea

12、se let me know when you arrive. 你到的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)告訴我一聲。（when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示將來。） Please let me know when you will arrive. 請(qǐng)告訴我你什么時(shí)候到。（when引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，從句中用一般將來時(shí)。）(5) whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whosever(1) 連接代詞whoever = anyone who任何人, 無論誰；whatever =anything that凡是.，無論什么； whichever = anything th

13、at無論那一個(gè), 任何一個(gè)；whomever = anyone whom （whoever的賓格形式）。 Whoever comes to the club is welcome. 不論誰來參加這個(gè)俱樂部都?xì)g迎。 Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的就值得做好。 They ate whatever they could find on the deserted island. 他們?cè)诨膷u找到什么就吃什么。 Ill take whichever book interests me.我愿買任何讓我感興趣的書。 Whose

14、ver book is overdue will be fined. 不管誰的書過期未還都要被罰款。 (2)比較：whoever和whomever的區(qū)別 連接代詞whoever在賓語從句中作主語，whomever在賓語從句中作賓語。 You may offer the book to whoever wants it. 你可把這本書給任何想要的人。 （此句中不能使用whomever，因?yàn)閣hoever在賓語從句中作wants it的主語） You may offer the book to whomever you like.你可把這本書給任何你喜歡的人。（whomever在賓語從句中作you

15、 like的賓語） who和whoever的區(qū)別 Whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于anyone who或those who，它可以既是從句的主語又是主句的主語。而who只做從句的主語，它引導(dǎo)的從句才是主句的主語。Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.幫助救落水女孩的人值得贊揚(yáng)。Who will be elected the president doesnt matter to me.誰當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)對(duì)我來說不重要。*名詞性從句的難點(diǎn)：（1）引導(dǎo)詞that和what的區(qū)別 What既有引導(dǎo)作用，同時(shí)又在從句中

16、做句子成分（主語、賓語、表語等）。這時(shí)what相當(dāng)于all that/everything that等。而that只起連接作用，本身無實(shí)際意義，在從句中也不充當(dāng)任何成分。但that引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首時(shí)，不能省that。What we cant get seems better than what we have.我們得不到的東西似乎比已得到的要好。That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true. 一位新老師將來教我們地理，這是真的。（2）引導(dǎo)詞what和whatever的區(qū)別 Whatever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，與what

17、差不多，只是語氣上更強(qiáng)些，有“.任何一切.之意。It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.一般來說，小孩子要什么就給什么是不明智的。This is exactly what I want.這正是我要的。（3）同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別 同位語從句用來解釋前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容，從句本身是一個(gè)非常完整的句子，所以其前面的名詞在同位語從句中不做任何成分；定語從句對(duì)其前的名詞加以限制和修飾，從句本身意義不夠完整，因此其前的名詞在定語從句中通常做主語、賓語或表語等成分。The news that M

18、r. Brown will be our new English teacher is true. （that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，用來解釋news的具體內(nèi)容，that不能?。㏕he news that /which he told me yesterday is true.(that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，that在從句中做told的賓語，故可省，也可換成which） 高考題匯編（09湖南）1She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C.

19、 whatever D. whoever【答案】C 名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：她對(duì)我們來說是非常寶貴，我們要不惜一切代價(jià)來拯救她的生命。動(dòng)詞do為及物動(dòng)詞，其后跟賓語從句，所以空格處既要引導(dǎo)賓語從句，又要在句中作take的賓語，表示“無論什么”用whatever。（09江西）2. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though【答案】C 間隔式同位語從句的用法。即先行詞是the fact 和

20、that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句中間隔了謂語部分。（09海南）3. Could I speak to _is in charge of International Sales please?A. who B. whatC. whoever D. whatever【答案】C 句意：請(qǐng)問一下我能不能和負(fù)責(zé)國(guó)際貿(mào)易的人說話。whoever既作了to的賓語，又作is in charge of International Sales please?的主語?！皐hoever”作代詞，any person whothe person who“任何人”、“無論誰”、“的人”。（09陜西）4. The book can

21、 be of help to_wants to do the job.A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever【答案】D 此處從句做介詞to的賓語，是名詞性從句，引導(dǎo)詞做從句的主語，指人，意思是：無論是誰。（09上海）5. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of_ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A. what B. which C. that D. how【答案】D 句意為“作為一個(gè)新外交官，他常?？紤]在這樣的場(chǎng)合中如何更恰當(dāng)?shù)胤磻?yīng)”。句

22、中react是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能與what（什么）和which（哪一個(gè)）搭配；that沒有具體的含義，因此只有how（如何）符合題意。（09四川）6. News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where【答案】C 句意為“從學(xué)校辦公室傳來消息說王林被北京大學(xué)錄取了?！痹谠擃}中that引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)同位語從句來解釋說明news的內(nèi)容，由于該題把同位語從句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)而錯(cuò)誤選擇了D項(xiàng)。（09天

23、津）7. It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that【答案】D 句意：對(duì)學(xué)生們來說，他們應(yīng)當(dāng)為未來做好充分的準(zhǔn)備是很明顯的。句中it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句為真正的主語。（09浙江）8Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?No problem. A.whenB. that C. whetherD. what【答案】B

24、Is there any possibility that.有.的可能嗎？that在句中引導(dǎo)同位語從句，補(bǔ)充說明possibility的具體內(nèi)容。that在從句中無實(shí)際含義，但不可省。（09重慶）9. Weshouldconsiderthestudents request _ the school library provide more books on popular science.A. that B. whenC. which D. where【答案】A 句意：我們應(yīng)該考慮學(xué)生的要求，學(xué)校圖書室應(yīng)該多提供一些有關(guān)大眾科學(xué)的書。本題中that引導(dǎo)的從句為同位語從句，解釋request的內(nèi)

25、容，從句中不缺成分而且意義完整。 （09江蘇）10.Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.A. as B. that C. which D. what【答案】D 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，leave需要一個(gè)賓語；could be 需要一個(gè)主語，所以要選一個(gè)能引導(dǎo)賓語從句且能在句子中作主語的詞，只有what能滿足需求。（09山東）11. The little girl who got lost

26、decided to remain _she was and wait for her mother.A. where B. what C. how D. who 【答案】A remain是系動(dòng)詞，在此意為“留下，逗留”，后加表語從句，where she was在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。句意：這個(gè)迷路的小女孩決定待在她原來的地方等待她媽媽。練習(xí)：名詞性從句一、判斷下列各句哪句含有名詞性從句，并指出是什么從句：1. China is no longer what it used to be.2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known

27、to all.3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7. That is where Lu Xun used to

28、 live.8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.二、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空：1. I cant decide_dictionary I should buy.2. Thats_he refused my invitation.3. I am very interested in _ he has i

29、mproved his pronunciation in such a short time.4. _ we need is more time.5. The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6. _ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell me _ you are waiting for.8. Is that _ you are looking for?9. Would you please tell me

30、_ the nearest post office is?10. I dont know _ he will agree to the plan or not.三、選擇填空：1. They want us to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they canC. how they can D. how can they2. We must put _ into practice. A. what we have learnedB. that we have learned C. that have we learnedD. wha

31、t have we learned3. Did she say anything about _? A. that the work was to be doneB. how was the work to be done C. that was the work to be doneD. how the work was to be done4. He was never satisfied with _. A. what she had achievedB. had what she achieved C. she had achievedD. that she achieved5. Th

32、ese photographs will show you _.A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look likeD. how our village looks like6. Peter insisted _ we pay the bill.A. on thatB. whatC. thatD. on which7. They urged _ the library open during the vacation. A. whenB. whereC.

33、 whyD. that8. We wish we could have learned _ when we were at high school. A. what you did B. that you had done C. that what you did D. what did you do9. I will describe to you _ I saw there. A. whatB. thatC. which D./10. From _ I should say he is a good worker. A. what I know of himB. that I do kno

34、w of him C. what do I know of himD. that do I know of him11. I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it. A. whomever B. anyoneC. whoeverD. someone12._ they will come here hasn t been decided yet.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhenD. Where13. _ was said here must be kept secret. A. Who B. The thingC. Whatev

35、er D. Where14. It is still a question _ we shall have our sports meet.A. ifB. thatC. whatD. when15. Im going anyway. _ she will go is up to her to decide. A. If or notB. Whether or notC. IfD. That16. It is strange _ she should leave without saying a word. A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how17. It is very cle

36、ar _ our policy is a correct one.A. whatB. thatC. why D. where18. _ Mr Zhang said is quite right. A. That B. WhenC. WhatD. Whether19. It has been decided _ he will be sent there. A. ifB. whether C. whyD. that20. It doesn t matter _he s come back or not. A. ifB. whetherC. thatD. when21. Its a great p

37、ity _ we wont be able to finish the task on time. A. when B. thatC. why D. where22. It happened _ I wasnt there that day. A. when B. whyC. where D. that23._ you have done might do harm to other people. A. What B. ThatC. Which D. The things24. _ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights. A. A

38、nyone B. The personC. Whoever D.Who25._ the 2016 Olympic Games wont be held in Chicago is known to all.A. Whether B. IfC. Whenever D. That 26. _ fails to see this will make a big mistake. A. That B. WhoeverC. Whether D. Whether or not27. _ we need more equipment is quite obvious. A. What B. WhetherC

39、. ThatD. Whatever28. Has it been announced _? A. when are the planes to take offB. that are the planes to take off C. where are the planes to take offD. when the planes are to take off29. That is _ we all support his idea.A. whatB. whyC. whereD. when30. Thats _ we should do.A. thatB. whatC. howD. wh

40、y31. _ is troubling me is _ I dont understand _ he saidA. What; that; whatB. What; what; whatC. That; that; whatD. Why; that; which32. Things were not _ they seemed to be.A. whenB. whyC. thatD. what33. Thats _ I want to say.A. all whatB. whatC. all whichD. what that34. Thats _ .A. where our differen

41、ces lieB. our differences lie thereC. where do our differences lieD. that where our differences lie35. That is _ .A. where lived he thereB. where did he liveC. where he livedD. that where he lived36. The questions is _.A. whether is it worth doingB. that if it is worth doingC. whether it is worth do

42、ingD. if it is worth doing37. Water will continue to be _ it is today next in importance to oxygen.A. howB. whichC. whatD. as38. Thats_.A. how did I become a teacherB. how I became a teacherC. how a teacher I became D. that I became a teacher39. They are just _. A. that what shall I haveB. what shal

43、l I have C. that I shall have whatD. what I shall have40. It looked _.A. as if it was going to rainB. that as if it was going to rainC. as if was it going to rainD. as if that it was going to rain41. Thats_.A. how she did itB. that how did she do it.C. how did she do itD. what she did it42. That is

44、_ we decided to put the discussion off.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. why43. Thats _ I lived when I was ten years old.A. whereB. at whichC. there whereD. when44. My suggestion is _ we should send a few comrades to help them. A. if B. thatC. when thatD. that where45. The idea _ all people are selfish is wrong.A. whatB. thatC. why D. if46. We heard the news _ our team had won. A. thatB. whatC. whetherD. why47. The fact _