1CFR-1303法規(guī)---中文

1、PART1303BANOFLEAD-CONTAININGPAINTANDCERTAINCONSUMERPRODUCTSBEARINGLEAD-CONTAININGPAINT1303部分-禁用含鉛油漆以及某些使用含鉛油漆的消費(fèi)品1303.1 Scopeandapplication.適用范圍1303.2 Definitions.定義1303.3 Exemptions.豁免1303.4 Bannedhazardousproducts.禁止使用的有害產(chǎn)品1303.5 Findings.依據(jù) 1303.1 Scopeandapplication.1303.1 適用范圍(a)Inthispart1303,

2、theConsumerProductSafetyCommissiondeclaresthatpaintandsimilarsurface-coatingmaterialsforconsumerusethatcontainleadorleadcompoundsandinwhichtheleadcontent(calculatedasleadmetal)isinexcessof0.06percentoftheweightofthetotalnonvolatilecontentofthepaintortheweightofthedriedpaintfilm(whichpaintandsimilars

3、urface-coatingmaterialsarereferredtohereafterasleadntainingpaint)arebannedhazardousproductsundersections8and9oftheConsumerProductSafetyAct(CPSA),15U.S.C.2057,2058.(Seeparts1145.1and1145.2fortheCommissionsfindingundersection30(d)oftheConsumerProductSafetyAct(CPSA)thatitisinthepublicinteresttoregulate

4、lead-containingpaintandcertainconsumerproductsbearingsuchpaintundertheCPSA.)Thefollowingconsumerproductsarealsodeclaredtobebannedhazardousproducts:A.在t%1303部分，消費(fèi)品安全委員會(huì)聲明：依照消費(fèi)品安全法案(CPSA)的第八部分和第九部分，15U.S.C.2057,2058.(參考1145.1和1145.2委員會(huì)在消費(fèi)品安全法案(CPSA)30(d)中的依據(jù)，根據(jù)公眾利益，所規(guī)范的CPSA下的含鉛油漆及某些覆蓋有該類油漆的消費(fèi)品)，用于消費(fèi)目的

5、，含鉛或鉛化合物的油漆和類似表層材料(以下簡稱“含鉛涂料”)，其中鉛含量(以金屬鉛計(jì)算)超過油漆的總非揮發(fā)物或干油漆膜重量0.06%的，為有害產(chǎn)品，予以禁用。以下消費(fèi)品也被聲明作為禁用的危險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)品：(1) Toysandotherarticlesintendedforusebychildrenthatbear-containingpOaOtd1 .帶有“含鉛涂料”的兒童玩具和其他兒童用品。(2) Furniturearticlesforconsumerusethatbear-containirliga|daint.2.帶有“含鉛涂料”的消費(fèi)品家具。(b) Thisbanappliestothep

6、roductsinthecategoriesdescribedinparagraph(a)ofthissectionthataremanufacturedafterFebruary27,1978,andwhichareconsumerproductsasthattermisdefinedinsection3(a)(1)oftheConsumerProductSafetyAct.Accordingly,thoseoftheproductsdescribedabovethatarecustomarilyproducedordistributedforsaletoorforuse,consumpti

7、on,orenjoymentofconsumersinoraroundahousehold,inschools,inrecreation,orotherwisearecoveredbytheregulation.Paintsandcoatingsformotorvehiclesandboatsarenotincludedwithinthescopeofthebanbecausetheyareoutsidethestatutorydefinitionofprodsiumer.Inadditiontothoseproductswhicharesolddirectlytoconsumers,theb

8、anappliestoproductswhichareusedorenjoyedbyconsumersaftersale,suchaspaintsusedinresidences,schools,hospitals,parks,playgrounds,andpublicbuildingsorotherareaswhereconsumerswillhavedirectaccesstothepaintedsurface.B.該禁令適用于1978年2月27日以后制造的，在該部分(a)段中提到的產(chǎn)品，以及在消費(fèi)品安全法案第三部分(a)(1)中定義的消費(fèi)品.相應(yīng)地，為用于家庭、學(xué)?；蛘邐蕵穲?chǎng)所使用、消費(fèi)

9、、享用的產(chǎn)品.另外，該禁令對(duì)于直接賣給消費(fèi)者的產(chǎn)品，適用于那些消費(fèi)者在購買后使用或享用的物件，比如用在住房，學(xué)校，醫(yī)院，公園，操場(chǎng)和公共場(chǎng)所的建筑物或其他場(chǎng)合，消費(fèi)者可能直接接觸其涂層的油漆。用于機(jī)動(dòng)車輛和船的油漆以及涂層不在該禁令的范圍之內(nèi)，因?yàn)檫@些不在“消費(fèi)品”的范疇。(c) TheCommissionhasissuedthebanbecauseithasfound(1)thatthereisanunreasonableriskofleadpoisoninginchildrenassociatedwithleadcontentofover0.06percentinpaintsandcoat

10、ingstowhichchildrenhaveaccessand(2)thatnofeasibleconsumerproductsafetystandardundertheCPSAwouldadequatelyprotectthepublicfromthisrisk.C.委員會(huì)發(fā)布該法令，是因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)(1)兒童相當(dāng)高的鉛中毒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與兒童接觸到的超過0.06%鉛含量的油漆和涂料有關(guān)，(2)在CPSA下，無可執(zhí)行的消費(fèi)品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，用于充分保護(hù)公眾免于鉛中毒的危險(xiǎn)。1303.2Definitions.13.03.2定義Thedefinitionsinsection3oftheConsumerProd

11、uctSafetyAct(15U.S.C.2052)shallapplytothispart1303.A.消費(fèi)品安全法案第三節(jié)的定義(15U.S.C.2052)亦適用于該1303部分(B)Forpurposesofthispart:B.此部分的含義：(1)Paintandothersimilarsurface-coatingmaterialsmeansafluid,semi-fluid,orothermaterial,withorwithoutasuspensionoffinelydividedcoloringmatter,whichchangestoasolidfilmwhenathinla

12、yerisappliedtoametal,wood,stone,paper,leather,cloth,plastic,orothersurface.Thistermdoesnotincludeprintinginksorthosematerialswhichactuallybecomeapartofthesubstrate,suchasthepigmentinaplasticarticle,orthosematerialswhichareactuallybondedtothesubstrate,suchasbyelectroplatingorceramicglazing.(1) 漆和其他類似

13、表面涂層原料是指含有或不含懸浮狀態(tài)的色素顆粒的，涂布于諸如金屬、木材、石頭、紙、皮革、布料，塑料或其他表面的時(shí)候，會(huì)變成固態(tài)薄膜的流體、半流體，及其他材料。該術(shù)語不包括印刷墨水或那些實(shí)際上已經(jīng)變成基質(zhì)一部分的材料，例如塑料制品中的顏料，或者那些事實(shí)上與底層結(jié)合到一起的材料，例如電鍍或上瓷器釉。(2) Lead-containingpaintmeanspaintorothersimilarsurfacecoatingmaterialscontainingleadorleadcompoundsandinwhichtheleadcontent(calculatedasleadmetal)isinex

14、cessof0.06percentbyweightofthetotalnonvolatilecontentofthepaintortheweightofthedriedpaintfilm.2.含鉛涂料是指含鉛或鉛化合物，含鉛量(按鉛金屬計(jì)算)超過油漆的總非揮發(fā)物或干油漆膜重量的0.06%的油漆或其他類似表層涂料。(3) Toysandotherarticlesintendedforusebychildrenmeansthosetoysandotherarticleswhichareintendedtobeentrustedtoorforusebychildren.Thiswouldnotinc

15、ludeallarticlestowhichchildrenmighthaveaccesssimplybecausetheyarepresentinahousehold.3.兒童玩具和其他兒童用品是指些計(jì)劃提供給兒童或被兒童使用的玩具和用品。不包括在家庭中出現(xiàn)的兒童可能接觸到的家居用品。(4) Furniturearticlemeansthosemovablearticles:(i)Usedtosupportpeopleorthings;(ii)otherfunctionalordecorativefurniturearticles,including,butnotlimitedto,prod

16、uctssuchasbeds,bookcases,chairs,chests,tables,dressers,desks,pianos,consoletelevisions,andsofas.Thetermfurniturearticledoesnotincludeappliances,suchasranges,refrigerators,dishwashers,clotheswashersanddryers,airconditioners,humidifiers,anddehumidifiers;fixturessuchasbathroomfixtures,built-incabinets,

17、chandeliers,windows,anddoors;orhouseholditemssuchaswindowshades,venetianblinds,orwallhangingsanddraperies.4.家具是指那些可移動(dòng)的物品(i)用于支撐人或物品(ii)其他功能或裝飾家居的物品，包括但不限于床、書架、椅子、斗柜、桌子、梳妝柜、寫字臺(tái)、鋼琴、遙控電視，和沙發(fā)。術(shù)語“家具”不包括諸如灶具、電冰箱、洗碗機(jī)、洗衣機(jī)和干衣機(jī)、空調(diào)、加濕器和減濕器等電器；以及淋浴設(shè)備、內(nèi)嵌式櫥柜、樹枝形的裝飾燈、窗戶和門等固定裝置；和窗簾、活動(dòng)百葉窗，或壁毯和織品等家居用品。1303.3Exemption

18、s.1303.3豁免(a)Thecategoriesofproductslistedinparagraph(b)ofthissectionareexemptedfromthescopeofthebanestablishedbythispart1303,provided:A.在此目錄中臼段所列產(chǎn)品不受1303部分禁令的限制，假如：(1)Thattheseproductsbearonthemainpaneloftheirlabel,inadditiontoanylabelingthatmaybeotherwiserequired,thesignalwordWarning(unlesssomeoth

19、ersignalwordisrequired)andthefollowingstatement:ContainsLead.DriedFilmofThisPaintMayBeHarmfulIfEatenorChewed.1 .這些產(chǎn)品的主面板上張貼標(biāo)簽，除了必須的標(biāo)注和內(nèi)容，還需加上：“警告”(除非要求特定白詞語），然后后邊需標(biāo)明“含鉛，如果吞食或咀嚼此涂料的干膜可能有害”(2)(i)Thattheseproductsalsobearontheirlabelthefollowingadditionalstatementoritspracticalequivalent:Donotapplyonto

20、ysandotherchildrensarticles,furniture,orinteriorsurfacesofanydwellingorfacilitywhichmaybeoccupiedorusedbychildren.ornotapplyonexteriorsurfacesofdwellingunits,suchaswindowsills,porches,stairs,orrailings,towhichchildrenmaybecommonlyexposed.Keepoutofreachofchildren.2 .(i)這些產(chǎn)品的標(biāo)簽上帶有以下附加聲明或者等效聲明：不能用于玩具和其

21、他兒童用品，家具，及任何兒童居住或使用的居所或設(shè)施的內(nèi)表面，不能用于兒童通常能夠接觸到的居所的外表面，例如窗臺(tái)，走廊、樓梯或欄桿。防止兒童接觸(ii)Ifthestatementrequiredbytheprecedingparagraph(a)(2)(i)isplacedonalabelpanelotherthanthemainpanel,thelabelstatementrequiredtobeonthemainpanelbyparagraph(a)(1)ofthissectionshallcontainthefollowingadditionalstatement:Seeothercau

22、tionson(insertsideorback,asappropriate)panel.(ii)如果前面(a)(2)(i)要求的聲明被放在非主面板的其他標(biāo)簽上，那么在主面板上的標(biāo)簽，則必須包含以下額外聲明：“請(qǐng)見其他面(側(cè)面或背面等)的警告”(3) Thattheplacement,conspicuousness,andcontrastofthelabelstatementsrequiredbythissection(a)complywiththerequirementsoftheFederalHazardousSubstancesActat16CFR1500.121.3.該節(jié)中標(biāo)簽聲明的位

23、置、對(duì)比度和突出性：A.必需遵從聯(lián)邦危險(xiǎn)物品法案16CFR1500.121的要求.(b)Thefollowingproductsareexemptfromthescopeofthebanestablishedbythispart1303,providedtheycomplywiththerequirementsofparagraph(a)ofthissection:B.在遵照此部分A點(diǎn)要求的條件下，以下產(chǎn)品不受1303部分的禁令的限制，(1) Agriculturalandindustrialequipmentrefinishcoatings.1 .農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)設(shè)備的修補(bǔ)涂層。16CFRCh.I

24、I(1-1-06Edition)1303.4(2) Industrial(andcommercial)buildingandequipmentmaintenancecoatings,includingtrafficandsafetymarkingcoatings.solelyforapplicationonbillboards,2.工商業(yè)的建筑和設(shè)備維護(hù)涂料，包括交通和安全標(biāo)志涂料.(3) Graphicartcoatings(i.e.,productsmarketedroadsigns,andsimilarusesandforidentificationmarkinginindustrial

25、buildings).3.圖案藝術(shù)涂料(即在產(chǎn)品上已經(jīng)注明，專用于廣告牌，路標(biāo)，和在工業(yè)大廈中相類似用途).(4) Touchupcoatingsforagriculturalequipment,lawnandgardenequipment,andappliances.4.潤色涂料，用于農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)備，草地公園的設(shè)備和電器。(5) Catalyzedcoatingsmarketedsolelyforuseonradio-controlledmodelpoweredaircraft.4.催化涂料，專用于無線電遙控模型飛機(jī).(c)Thefollowingproductsareexemptfromthes

26、copeofthebanestablishedbypart1303(nocautionarylabelingisrequired):C.以下產(chǎn)品可免于1303的禁令(不需要警示標(biāo)簽).(1) Mirrorswhicharepartoffurniturearticlestotheextentthattheybearlead-containingbackingpaint.(1) 為家具的一部分的鏡子，背面帶有含鉛的涂料。(2) Artistspaintsandrelatedmaterials.2.藝術(shù)家們的油漆和相關(guān)材料.(3) Metalfurniturearticles(butnotmetal

27、childrenfurniture)bearingfactory-applied(lead)coatings.3.金屬家具物品(但非金屬兒童家具)，帶有含鉛涂料.1303.4Bannedhazardousproducts.1303.4禁止使用的有害產(chǎn)品.Thefollowingconsumerproducts,manufacturedafterFebruary27,1978,unlessexemptedby1303.3,arebannedhazardousproducts(seedefinitionsin1303.2)制造日期為1978年2月27日以后的消費(fèi)品除了1303.3所免除的，都為禁用

28、危險(xiǎn)品。(詳見1303.2的定義)(a) Paintandothersimilarsurface-coatingmaterialswhichare-coneaidiingpaint.A.含鉛油漆和其它類似的表面涂層材料.le-caodntaining(b) Toysandotherarticlesintendedforusebychildrenthatbearpaint.-containleiajdpaint.B.帶含鉛油漆的玩具和其它為兒童制作的產(chǎn)品。(c) FurniturearticlesthatbearC.帶含鉛油漆的家具產(chǎn)品。1303.5Findings.1303.5依據(jù).(a)Th

29、edegreeandnatureoftheriskofinjury.A.受傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的程度與性質(zhì).(1) TheCommissionfindsthattheriskofinjurywhichthisregulationisdesignedtoeliminateorreduceisleadpoisoninginchildren.Theadverseeffectsofthispoisoninginchildrencancausearangeofdisorderssuchashyperactivity,slowedlearningability,withdrawal,blindness,andevend

30、eath.ThefinalEnvironmentalImpactStatementonLeadinPaintwhichisonthePresidentCouncilonEnvironmentalQuality(andavailableforinspectionintheOfficeoftheSecretary)containsinappendixAadetaileddiscussionofthehealtheffectsofleadinpaint.Theseeffectswillonlybesummarizedhere.1.該委員會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)確有兒童鉛中毒受傷的危險(xiǎn)，而這個(gè)條例的目的是消除或減輕其不

31、利的影響。兒童鉛中毒可引起一系列的疾病，如多動(dòng)癥，學(xué)習(xí)能力低下，失明，甚至死亡.對(duì)含鉛油漆的對(duì)健康的影響的詳盡討論，列于最終的環(huán)境影響聲明，錄入總統(tǒng)內(nèi)閣的環(huán)境質(zhì)量卷案中的附錄A（可到國務(wù)卿辦公室里查閱），這些影響只在這里作了總結(jié).(2) Leadisacumulativetoxicheavymetalwhich,inhumans,exertsitseffectsontherenal,hematopoietic,andnervoussystems.Newerconceptsindicatethattherearethreestagestochildhoodleadpoisoning.Theadv

32、ersehealtheffectsinthefirststagearenotclinicallypresentbutmetabolicchangescanbeobserved.Duringthesecondstageorsymptomaticstagesuchsymptomsaslossofappetite,vomiting,apathy,drowsiness,andinabilitytocoordinatevoluntarymusclemovementsoccur.Theaftereffectsofthisstageincludeseizuredisordersaswellasvarious

33、behavioralandfunctionaldisorderswhichareoftenincludedundertheheadingofminimalbraindysfunction.Studiessuggestthatthissyndromemayincludehyperactivity,impulsivebehavior,prolongedreactiontime,perceptualdisordersandslowedlearningability.Theadversehealtheffectsofthethirdstagemaybepermanentandcanincludebli

34、ndness,mentalretardation,behaviordisorders,anddeath.2.鉛是一種可體內(nèi)積累的有毒重金屬，它會(huì)影響到人類的腎臟，造血干細(xì)胞和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)最新資料顯示，兒童鉛中毒分3個(gè)階段：第一階段無臨床癥狀，但可覺察出新陳代謝的變化；第二階段為征兆階段，癥狀為食欲不振，嘔吐，冷漠，嗜睡，四肢活動(dòng)失調(diào)，后期病癥為突然發(fā)作的混亂和各種行為和功能失調(diào)，其中包括腦部供能失調(diào)，研究顯示，該病癥可能包括多動(dòng)，沖動(dòng)行為，延長反應(yīng)時(shí)間，感知障礙，學(xué)習(xí)能力低下；第三階段則可造成永久性的影響，包括失明，智力遲鈍，行為失常，甚至死亡.(3) TheCommissionnotesthat

35、childrenwithpicaareofspecialconcernwithregardtoleadpoisoning.Pica,therepetitiveingestionofnonfoodsubstances,occursin50percentofchildrenbetweentheagesofoneandthree,andstudiesindicatethatatthisageleadisabsorbedmorerapidlythanleadisabsorbedinadults.Picaforpaintisbelievedtobeepisodicandcanoccur2to3times

36、aweek.3.委員會(huì)指出關(guān)于鉛中毒方面，值得特別關(guān)注是異食癖患兒，異食癖表現(xiàn)為經(jīng)常攝取非食品物質(zhì)，50%出現(xiàn)于年齡介于13歲的兒童，研究表明，在這個(gè)年齡段對(duì)鉛的吸收比成人更迅速.對(duì)涂料的異食癖被認(rèn)為是時(shí)有發(fā)生的，一個(gè)星期可能出現(xiàn)2至3次.(4) TheCommissionalsonotesthattherearenoreportsofinjuriescausedbyleadpaintpoisoningintheCommissionsNationalElectronicInjurySurveillanceSystem(NEISS)data,whichreflecthospitalemergen

37、cyroomtreatment.Leadpaintpoisoningsresultfromachronichazardratherthanfromanacutehazardofthetypegenerallytreatedinemergencyrooms;andNEISSreporting,therefore,doesnotreflectthistypeofchronichazardorinjuries.4.委員會(huì)還注意到，用于反映醫(yī)院急診治療的全國電子損傷監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)(NEISS)的數(shù)據(jù)中無含鉛油漆中毒人員傷亡的報(bào)道.含鉛油漆中毒所導(dǎo)致的是一種慢性危害，而不是出現(xiàn)需要急診室處置的急性癥狀。因此N

38、EISS報(bào)告無法反映出這一類型的慢性危害或傷害。(5) FormerU.S.Surgeon-GeneralJesseL.Steinfeld,however,estimatedin1971that400,000pre-schoolAmericanchildrenhaveelevatedbodyleadburdens.TheNationalBureauofStandardsin1972estimatedthat600,000youngchildrenhaveundulyhighleadbloodcontent.5.前美國外科負(fù)責(zé)人JesseL.Steinfeld,估計(jì)在1971年，美國有40000

39、0個(gè)學(xué)前兒童已經(jīng)體內(nèi)鉛負(fù)擔(dān)增高.國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局1972年評(píng)估有600000名少兒血液有短期鉛含量過高.(b)Productssubjecttothisban.B.牽涉到該禁令的產(chǎn)品1303.4.(1) Theproductsbannedbythisrulearelistedin1.禁用產(chǎn)品已列于1303.4(2) Thetermpaintcomprisesavarietyofcoatingmaterialssuchasinteriorandexteriorhouseholdpaints,varnishes,lacquers,stains,enamels,primers,andsimilarcoat

40、ingsformulatedforuseonvarioussurfaces.Basedon1976data,theCommissionestimatesthatover400milliongallonsofpaintayearvaluedatapproximately$2.5billioncouldpotentiallybesubjecttothisrule.2.涂料方面，包括一系列的涂層材料，如室內(nèi)和室外家用油漆，清漆，漆漬，釉面，底漆及類似配制的可用于各種表面的涂料.基于1976年的數(shù)據(jù)，該委員會(huì)估計(jì)每年有超過400萬加侖，價(jià)值約25億美元的油漆牽涉到該禁令.(3) Allproducts

41、commonlyknownastoysandotherarticlesintendedfortheuseofchildrenaresubjecttothisrule.Thecategoriesofproductswithinthisclassificationarenumerousandincludeitemsandequipmentforplay,amusement,education,physicalfitness,andcareofchildren.Retailsalesin1976ofproductsconsideredtobetoysorotherarticlesintendedfo

42、ruseofchildrenareestimatedataround$4billion.3 .被判定為玩具和其他兒童用品，將牽涉到該禁令.產(chǎn)品種類分類繁多，包括用于游戲，娛樂，教育，健身，和照看幼兒的物品和設(shè)備.作為玩具或其他兒童用品，1976年銷售額估計(jì)為約40億美元.4 4)Forthepurposesofthisrule,furniturearticlesarecertainmovablearticlesusedtosupportpeopleorthingsorotherfunctionalordecorativefurniturearticlessuchascouches,beds,t

43、ables,chairs,chests,andthelike.Appliancesandsimilarequipment,householdfixtures,andcertainotherhouseholditemssuchaswindowshades,blinds,wallhangings,andthelikearenotincludedwithinthedefinitionoffurniture.Theregulationappliestofurnitureforuseinhouseholds,schools,inrecreation,orotherwise.In1972,thevalue

44、ofshipmentsofitemsoffurnituresuchasthosenamedabovewasasfollows:woodhouseholdfurniture$2,716million;metalhouseholdfurniture$859million;woodtelevisionandradiocabinets$293million;and$190millionforotherhouseholdfurnituremadeofplastic,reedandrattan.(Notincludedintheabovearesome$2billionworthofupholstered

45、furnitureand$300millioninconvertiblesofas,chairbedsandstudiocouches.)4.針對(duì)于該法令，家具定義為某些可移動(dòng)的物品，用以支持的人或事物或其他功能性或裝飾物品的家具，如沙發(fā)，床，桌椅，柜，及其他等.家電及類似設(shè)備，家庭電器，以及其他一些生活用品，如遮光簾，百葉窗，壁掛，以及不在定義內(nèi)的類似物品.該規(guī)章適用于在家庭，學(xué)校，娛樂，還有在其他方面的家具。1972年，上述家具的船運(yùn)貨品價(jià)值如下：木材家具美元2,716萬元；金屬家具8.59億美元；木質(zhì)電視柜和視聽柜2.93億美元；其他塑料家具,蘆葦和藤190萬美元。(上述還不包括某些價(jià)值

46、20億美元的軟墊家具，和3億美元的折疊沙發(fā)，沙發(fā)床和三用沙發(fā))。(c)Needofthepublicfortheproductsandeffectsoftheruleontheirutility,cost,andavailability.(1) Thepublicneedforpaintsofvarioustypesandforfurnitureandotherarticlesissubstantialandwellestablished.TheCommissionfindsthattheneedofthepublicforpaintcontainingmorethan0.06percentl

47、eadorfortheaffectedproductsthatarecoatedwithmaterialscontainingmorethan0.06percentleadislimited.TheCommissionhasdeterminedthatthereareproductscontainingmorethanthe0.06percentlevelofleadwhichmeetapublicneedandforwhichsubstitutesareeithernotavailableorarenotsufficientlyeffectiveandtowhichaccessbychild

48、rentothecoatingsorthesurfacestowhichtheyareappliedisunlikely.Accordingly,theseproductshavebeenspecificallyexemptedfromthescopeoftheregulationin1303.3.C.公眾對(duì)產(chǎn)品的需求，及規(guī)則對(duì)其性能、成本和易獲得性的影響。1.公眾有用于家具和其他物品的各類型涂料的需求。委員會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)超過0.06%含鉛漆，或是涂層中含有超過0.06%的鉛的產(chǎn)品的需求，很有限。委員會(huì)認(rèn)為，某些產(chǎn)品中含有超過0.06%的鉛，但符合消費(fèi)者的需求，而替代品并不存在或效果不佳，應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合

49、小孩子也不可能接觸的到的，相應(yīng)地，這些產(chǎn)品在1303.3.規(guī)則中已作豁免。(2) TheCommissionfindsthattheeffectsofthisruleonthecost,utility,andavailabilityofpaintsandpaintedarticleswillbesmall.TheCommissionnotesthatover95percentoflatex-basedandnearly70percentofoil-basedpaintshaveleadlevelsatorbelowthelevelsetbypart1303.1 i)Costs.TheCommi

50、ssionestimatesthattheaddedcoststotheconsumerforpaintsaffectedbythisrulewillnotexceed5to10centspergallon.Coststoconsumersforfurnitureandfortoysandotherarticlesintendedfortheuseofchildrenarenotexpectedtoincreaseastheresultofcompliancewiththeregulation.2 .委員會(huì)認(rèn)為該法令在涂料的成本、功能性、實(shí)用性和相應(yīng)產(chǎn)品上的影響很小。委員會(huì)注意到超過95%的乳

51、膠漆和將近70%油性涂料中的鉛含量滿足或低于1303規(guī)定的水平。(i)成本.受此規(guī)則影響，委員會(huì)推測(cè)涂料所轉(zhuǎn)嫁到消費(fèi)者身上的成本每加侖不會(huì)超過510美分。對(duì)于家具、玩具和其他兒童用品，增加到消費(fèi)者身上的成本，預(yù)計(jì)不會(huì)增加。(ii) Utility.TheCommissionfindsthatforwater-basedorlatexpaintsandcoatingssubjecttothisrule,reducingtheamountofallowableleadto0.06percentwillnothaveadverseeffectsontheirutility.Forcertainsol

52、vent-thinnedcoatings,however,leaddrierswillhavetobereplacedbynon-leaddrierssuchaszirconiumtocomplywiththe0.06percentlevel(Driersarenotusedinlatexpaints).Animpactonthepaintindustrymayresultbecausecurrentnonleaddriersmaynotdrysatisfactorilyinlowtemperaturesorhighhumidityconditions,andsothepaintingindu

53、stryinsomeareasatcertaintimesoftheyearmaysufferareductionofeffectivepaintingtime.(ii)性能。委員會(huì)認(rèn)為對(duì)于該法令，水性涂料或乳膠性漆和涂料，將其中的鉛含量降低至0.06%,對(duì)這些材料的功能不會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面作用。但是對(duì)某些稀釋性溶解涂料，含鉛劑將要被無鉛催干劑來替代，比如錯(cuò)，以符合低于含鉛0.06%的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(乳膠性涂料不需催干劑)對(duì)涂料行業(yè)造成的沖擊，是由于目前無鉛催干劑在低溫或是高濕度條件下效果不好，因此一些地區(qū)的噴涂行業(yè)在年內(nèi)某些時(shí)間段，將會(huì)受影響，縮減可噴涂的工作時(shí)間。(iii) Availability.Sub

54、stitutesatcomparablepricesareavailableforpaintsandforproductsbannedbythisrule.TheCommissionbelievesthatthereductionofleadtoalevelof0.06percentwillnotaffecttheavailabiltyofwater-basedorlatexpaints.Salesofsuchcoatingscurrentlyexceedsalesofsolvent-basedcoatings,andbecauseofthedryingproblemmentionedabov

55、e,thetrendtowardincreaseduseofwater-basedpaintsmaybeacceleratedsomewhatbytheeffectsoftheban.(iii)易獲得性.對(duì)于受此條款的禁用的油漆，價(jià)格相近的替代物很容易獲得。委員會(huì)認(rèn)為鉛含量減低至0.06%的水平將不會(huì)影響水性涂料或是乳膠涂料的易獲得性。目前這種涂料的銷售量已經(jīng)超過了溶劑性涂料，由于前面提到的干燥問題，受到禁令的影響，水性涂料使用量趨勢(shì)在一定程度上會(huì)進(jìn)一步增加。(d)Alternatives.D.其他(1) TheCommissionhasconsideredothermeansofachiev

56、ingtheobjectiveofthisrule,buthasfoundnonethatwouldcauselessdisruptionordislocationofmanufacturingandothercommercialpractices,consistentwithpublichealthandsafety.1.委員會(huì)也考慮過達(dá)到該法令目的的其他方法，但尚未尋找到一種能給生產(chǎn)或商業(yè)活動(dòng)帶來較少混亂及保證公眾健康和安全的方法。(2) TheCommissionestimatesthatthisbanmay,becauseoftestingcostsandthenecessityforimprovedhousekeepingpracticesinthemanufactureofpaintandsimilarsurface-coatingmaterialstopreventleadcontaimination,havesomerelativelyminoradverseeffectonindividualfirmswithinsomemarkets.2.委員會(huì)預(yù)計(jì)