高考英語(yǔ) 針對(duì)高考閱讀解密教案 新人教版

1、命題點(diǎn)4 猜測(cè)詞義本類(lèi)考題解答錦囊 英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)是它龐大的詞匯數(shù)量。即使一個(gè)擁有上萬(wàn)單詞量的人在閱讀英語(yǔ)讀物中也難免會(huì)遇到生詞。如果每遇到生詞，就查閱詞典，不但會(huì)降低閱讀速度，而且往往使閱讀變得索然無(wú)味。據(jù)調(diào)查，影響人們閱讀理解的，首先是詞匯。因此學(xué)習(xí)并掌握一些猜測(cè)生詞詞義的方法，對(duì)排除閱讀時(shí)某些生詞的干擾，降低生詞率是十分必要的。 任何一個(gè)買(mǎi)詞，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一個(gè)確定的詞義。NMET閱讀理解中猜測(cè)詞義的考查內(nèi)容既可以是文中的生詞，也可以是熟詞新義、短語(yǔ)或句子。但都要求考生根據(jù)上下文線(xiàn)索(即具體語(yǔ)境)作出推斷。此類(lèi)題的提問(wèn)形式一般有： 1. Which of the fol

2、lowing is nearest/closest in meaning to". "? 2. The underlined word, means_.3. The underlined phrase, means_. 4. Theun derlined sentence,means_.利用上下文的提示猜測(cè)詞義的方法有如下幾種： 1.根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測(cè)詞義【例題】 (1)A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.根據(jù)定義, calendar 的意思是日歷.。 (2)A biograp

3、hy is the story of a person's life written by someone else 根據(jù)定義， biography 的意思是凡別人寫(xiě)的生平叫做傳記。 (3)Some writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA-money, Success or expensive things to buy. 2.破折號(hào)后而的內(nèi)容是對(duì) value 一詞的具體解釋?！纠}】 (1)He replied quickly. But after he considered the probl

4、em more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.根據(jù)恥下文學(xué)語(yǔ)境意義，可悟出 quickly 與 hasty 同義。 (2)Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy(美味), we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked.根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境意義得知 raw meat 即是 meat that is uncooked. Raw 與 uncooked 表示相同意思生的，未煮

5、過(guò)的。(3)-1 think we are being watched. -Really? What makes you think we are under surveillance?根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，可判斷出 being watched -15 under surveillance 是同義關(guān)系。 (4)During the concert, the children were quiet but afterwards, they became boiaterous. but 表示轉(zhuǎn)折意思，因此 bomterous 是 quiet 的反義詞，意思為吵吵嚷嚷的。(5)Unlike her gregar

6、ious sister,Jane is a shy person,who does not like to go to parties,or to make new friends.unlike 是關(guān)鍵詞，它表示Jane與她的姐姐完全不同。根據(jù)后面對(duì)Jane的描述“ashyper son,not like to go parties or to make new froends'，可得知gregarious的意思是好交際的。3根據(jù)舉例【例題】(1)Scientists are studying how birds such ternsmigrate 根據(jù)舉例法(such as)，得知t

7、erns是一種鳥(niǎo)。(2)Today young couples whoare just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances?for example，washing-machines，fridges and color TVs 根據(jù)舉例法(for example)，得知appUances是指washing-machines，fridges and co1or TVs這類(lèi)家用電器。(3)Several other gases，such as argon，comprise the remain

8、ing one per cent of the vo1ume of dry air SUChas提示argon為某種氣體。4根據(jù)因果關(guān)系?！纠}】(1)She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading because之前的分句表示結(jié)果，之后的分句表示原因，可推理，她沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)的原因是她完全被閱讀吸引住了或她正全神貫注地看書(shū)。因此engrossed的意思是被吸引的，全神貫注的。(2)The noise was so faint that it was impossible to be

9、sure what it was or even where it came fronL Sothat，結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的句子也表示因果關(guān)系。因此可判斷出faint在此句中的意思是微弱的。聲音太弱，以致不能確認(rèn)是什么聲音或是從哪里發(fā)出的。(3)ThiS kind of flower thrives in this area because the weather is warm，the Soil is excellent，and there iS a lot of rain。 because一詞決定了flower與warm weather，excellent sOil，a10t Of rain之間是因

10、果關(guān)系。 因此thdves的意思是茂盛成長(zhǎng)。5根據(jù)句意或上下文語(yǔ)境 例1 If he think she can invitemeout，he is all wetI don't like to be with the them. A. drunk Bsweating Chappy Dmistaken【解 析】 根據(jù)第二句我不喜歡跟他在一起，可推斷出，如果他認(rèn)為他能約我出去，那他就錯(cuò)了。這兩句話(huà)實(shí)際上暗含因果關(guān)系。 【答 案】 D 例2 At the age of 77，John was still playing a skill ful game of tennis，ran four

11、 miles everydday and seldom missed his daily swimFor a man of his age he was extremelyrobust According to the short passage，the word“robust”，probably means_. A。strange Bweak Cstrong ninteresting 【答 案】 C 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境的意思，一個(gè)77歲的人還能如此運(yùn)動(dòng)，可以說(shuō)是身體不錯(cuò)，因此可以推斷robust是strong強(qiáng)壯的意思。 由此可見(jiàn)猜測(cè)詞義離不開(kāi)上下文、離不開(kāi)具體語(yǔ)境。命題點(diǎn)3 推理判斷本類(lèi)考題解答錦囊

12、 每篇文章都有一定的寫(xiě)作目的，作者往往期待讀者讀了文章后知道應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣去做某些事情或按某種方式思考問(wèn)題。這層意思通常并不是在文章申明確表達(dá)出來(lái)，而是隱含在文章之中。這就要求讀者在閱讀過(guò)程中去溝通外現(xiàn)的和內(nèi)含的，已述的和未述的含義。這就需要仔細(xì)的閱讀和認(rèn)真的思考，在通盤(pán)理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上去領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意，去掌握語(yǔ)言的微妙之處，真正欣賞和理解閱讀的東西；閱讀中的推論是很常見(jiàn)的，我們所讀的一切幾乎都可以做出程度不同的推論。 凡推斷出的內(nèi)容在文章中都沒(méi)有明確敘述，但卻暗含在文字之中。因此在進(jìn)行推斷時(shí)，必須以有關(guān)的文字部分作為推理的前提和依據(jù)。所謂推斷，指根據(jù)推測(cè)而加以判斷；而推測(cè)總是根據(jù)已知的信息推斷

13、出未知的信息。即把有關(guān)的文字作為已知部分，從中推斷出未知部分。據(jù)以推理的有關(guān)文字部分可能是詞或句子，也可能是若干句，甚至全文，要想做出精確的推斷，必須注意以下四點(diǎn)。 1細(xì)心地了解文章中所提供的全部信息和信息的各個(gè)方面。 2分析已知的信息，用正確的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，借助于一些常識(shí)，最大限度地捕捉到信息的本質(zhì)。 3注意詞、句子的本義和與之有關(guān)的其他意義。 4根據(jù)己知信息，即短文或有關(guān)的文字部分，做出的推斷必須與作者的原意相符，切忌以自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)取代作者的原意。 推理判斷往往包括數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷，常識(shí)推斷，邏輯結(jié)論以及推斷作者的寫(xiě)作目的、態(tài)度、傾；向等幾種類(lèi)型。 1數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷：這種推斷常常針對(duì)某一個(gè)或幾個(gè)具體細(xì)節(jié)。

14、是比較簡(jiǎn)單的推斷。首先在原文中找到據(jù)以推理的有關(guān)文字部分，對(duì)與數(shù)字有關(guān)的推斷，只需簡(jiǎn)單推算，即可得出結(jié)果。對(duì)與事實(shí)有關(guān)的，要加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。 例題： House prices in England increased sharply between 1971 and 1972. The following records how much a house in Chelsea London, had risen in price since 1955: Take No. 29 Smith Terrace for example. In 1955,Jane Grey sold

15、 for 2,000. Mrs Bowena Black bought it for 4,900 and sold it nine years later to Bill and Dreen White for 22,950. Now four years later. 1)The price of the house was as high in 1972 as in the yearJane Grey sold it. A. about ten times B. twice C. 150 percent D. fifteen times 2)Mrs Bowena Black made a

16、prof it (利潤(rùn))of_. A. 2,900 B. 8,典型例題 7,典型例題 D. 18,典型例題Of all the tenants,who earned most? A. The Whites. B. Jane Grey. C. Mrs Black. D. Mr White. 4)When did Mrs Black buy the house? A. 1971. B. 1972 C. 1968. D. 1959 5)Jane Grey lived at No. 29 Smith Terrace A. for four years B. for nine years C. betw

17、een 1971 and 1972 D. before 19556)If MrS B1aCk had waited four years to setl the house She would have earned as much as_. A28，000 B18，000 C30，000 D25，100 以上各題的推理前提均可在原文中找到。第1題的正確答案須從“In 1955，JaneGrey s典型例題2，000，”“inl972，the house is valued at30，000；”這兩句話(huà)推知，D項(xiàng)對(duì)。第2題的正確答案應(yīng)從“Mrs Bowena Black bought it f

18、or4，900and sold it nine years later to Billand Dreen White for22，9500'得知D項(xiàng)對(duì)。第3題的正確答案應(yīng)從“Jane Grey sold for2，000 Mrs Bowena Black bought it for4，900 and so1d it nine years later to Bill andDreenWhitefOr22，950”推知，MrsBlack獲利最多。第4題須從“Mrs Bosena Blackand sold it nine yearsNOW four years later，inl972”得

19、知Mrs Black是在1959年買(mǎi)的房子，故D項(xiàng)為正確答案。第5題可從“Inl955，Jane Grey so1d it for2，000”推知D項(xiàng)正確。第6題須從“Mrs Bowena Black4，900”“the house is valued at30，000”兩句話(huà)推知D項(xiàng)為正確答案。 2常識(shí)推斷：有些時(shí)候，文章里并沒(méi)有提供任何可據(jù)以推斷的材料，或雖有提供，但卻不足以推出正確的未知事實(shí)。這時(shí)便須根據(jù)平常積累的有關(guān)知識(shí)來(lái)進(jìn)行推斷。 例: Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting i

20、t cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quicky, for example by dipping it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle(脆)-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as i

21、s wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other mate rials, such as glass. Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B

22、. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. B. To make it brittl 從文中“by dipping it in water，it will be very hard but also very brittle.”這一信息還不足以推出正確答案。然后根據(jù)物理常識(shí)，在制造各種工具時(shí)，往往采取淬火這一工藝，其目的是使金屬變硬以便制成鋒利的工具。即可推出選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。 3邏輯結(jié)論：這類(lèi)推斷比前兩種困難得多。在閱讀過(guò)程中，讀者必須對(duì)文章的全部事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)作通盤(pán)考慮，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論。結(jié)論是根據(jù)事實(shí)作出的惟一決定。要想從一個(gè)句子，一個(gè)段落或一篇文章中

23、得出正確的結(jié)論，讀者必須學(xué)會(huì)善于思考，不斷提高自己的邏輯思維能力。 例 Have you ever heard of a sport called tubing? Hundreds of people float down a rushing river at once in old truck-tire tubes. Sometimes many hold hands. At first the ride is bumpy and frightful, for the narrow river rushes swiftly. Then the river widens and grows c

24、alm. Never try tubing alone or in rapids, however. The story suggests that tubing_. A. should not be done in moving water B. is done mainly by truck drivers C. costs a lot of money D. can be dangerous 根據(jù)文中內(nèi)容數(shù)百人乘坐著舊卡車(chē)，輪胎在湍急的河水中向下游漂去，顛簸而可怕，可推知這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)是十分危險(xiǎn)的。D項(xiàng)為正確答案。4推斷作者的寫(xiě)作目的、態(tài)度，文章的語(yǔ)氣等：這類(lèi)推斷要求對(duì)論述對(duì)象持何種態(tài)度、思想

25、傾向作出判斷。如作者對(duì)所陳述的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是贊成，還是反對(duì)，對(duì)記敘或描寫(xiě)的人或事等是喜歡，或是厭惡；是同情或是冷漠。作者的這種態(tài)度和感情色彩不一定直接表述出來(lái)，而往往隱含在字里行間，或者流露于修飾的詞語(yǔ)之中。因此要做好這類(lèi)推斷須綜觀(guān)全文，掌握主題思想，并以此為推理的前提，還要注意文章的措辭，把握文章論述的基調(diào)。 例: Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do

26、 is OK, they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. Mr Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He

27、never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them? it is always'the fault of the buses or the airplanes. Mr Neff knows almost everything. He doesn't ask questions? he answers questions. He never says, "I don't know." I don't know Mm Neff. It seems that not many peo

28、ple know her. I sometimes wonder about her. Is she always right? Or maybe she is always wrong? Dces she often break dishes or miss buses?Does she have problems? I wonder. 1)Which of the following do you think gives the most important trait (特性) of Mr Neffs character? A. He is a very wise man. B. He

29、plans everything well. C. He is moral and upright. D. He is very satisfied with himself. 2)Which of the following do you guess is true of Mrs Neff? A. She probably obeys her husband in everything. B. She probably feels very proud to be a help of her husband. C. She probably quarrels with her husband

30、 all the time. D. She probably feels very happy to have such a successful husband. 3)Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude towards Mr Neff? A. He finds Mr Neff hard to understand. B. He thinks Mr Neff wonderful. C. He feels pity for Mr Neff. D. He does not like Mr Neff. 以上各

31、題的答案均沒(méi)有直接表述在短文里，必須從字里行間悟出作者的言外之意。本文記敘的是一位一貫正確的人Mr Neff。根據(jù)這一主題，可推知他對(duì)自己的一切都很滿(mǎn)意。第 1題選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。從Mr Neff事事正確，而Mr Neff又鮮為人知出發(fā)，可得出結(jié)論 Neff夫人在任何事情上都服從于她丈夫這一事實(shí)，故第2題A為正確項(xiàng)。盡管短文中沒(méi)有直接陳述作者對(duì)MrNeff這一人物的態(tài)度，但從主題思想和某些措辭中仍可悟出作者對(duì)Mr Neff很討厭這一事實(shí)。如作者在文章中一再使用“Never”，一詞，并還寫(xiě)到Even if he does miss them，it is alway Sthe fault of t

32、he buses of the airplanes”等來(lái)暗示他對(duì)Mr Neff的厭惡之情，故第3題D為正確答案。 在閱讀理解題中，有關(guān)針對(duì)段落或短文的特定細(xì)節(jié)、主題思想、常識(shí)，以及作者的寫(xiě)作態(tài)度、目的等的推斷題，常見(jiàn)題型有：1. We can infer from the passage (paragraph, fact, example. ) that_. 2. The writer suggests that_. 3. From the passage (paragraph, story. ), we can tell_. 4. The passage implies, but does

33、not directly state that_. 5. We may conclude from the passage that_. 6. The writer's (author's) attitude toward is_. 7. The tone of the passage is_.命題點(diǎn)1 細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)本類(lèi)考題解答錦囊 細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)理解題主要考查考生對(duì)文章中某一些特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的重要實(shí)事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解題和語(yǔ)義理解題兩種。直接理解題的答案與原文直接掛鉤，從閱讀材料中可以找到。這種題難度低，只要學(xué)生讀懂文章，就能得分，屬于低層次題。而語(yǔ)義理解題須將題目信息與原

34、文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義上的轉(zhuǎn)換才能得出結(jié)論。這類(lèi)題目要求考生能理解原文中某個(gè)短語(yǔ)或句子的含義，從而找到與答案意思相同的詞語(yǔ)和句子。這種題屬于中檔層次題。在歷年高考題中占大多數(shù)。 細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)類(lèi)題型多種多樣，但有一些常見(jiàn)的方式： 1Which of the following is truefalsementioned? 2What does the writer iter pay least attenti on to? 3Choose the right order of the events given in the passage 4A1l the following statements ar

35、e not true(true)except_ 5Which of the following gmapsdiagrams gives the right position of? 一篇文章有了它所涉及的中心思想，即話(huà)題，確定了要表達(dá)的中心思想，還必須通過(guò)許多細(xì)節(jié)的信息來(lái)進(jìn)一步解釋或表達(dá)主題體現(xiàn)中心思想，因此細(xì)節(jié)是一篇文章的大部分篇幅，也是考生閱讀過(guò)程中需要理解的主要內(nèi)容，在閱讀測(cè)試中，這類(lèi)試題占大部分。 解題步驟： 1通讀全文，即以最快速度讀完全文。目的讓考生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)有一個(gè)總體了解。 2讀題干，弄懂其含義。 3帶著題干問(wèn)題重讀文章。用查讀法(scannin8)，快速掃描文章，查找與設(shè)問(wèn)

36、內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)或句子，借助于同義詞或同義結(jié)構(gòu)；當(dāng)題目涉及到時(shí)間、距離，以及其他用數(shù)字表示的細(xì)節(jié)時(shí)，有時(shí)需要計(jì)算才能得出答案。 高考最新熱門(mén)題 Help WantedHelp WantedPNINTER must have at least 3 years painting experience,Commercial ane new construction work.$10/hr.Immediate opening.Call43592典型例題 history.SECRETARY Part-time position available in friendly,busy office. Good

37、 typing and general office skills.Some weekends required.High pay .Various duties.Apply(申請(qǐng))at East1.(典型例題卷) Help Wanted Help WantedSide Management,500Park Drive,DeWitt,NY,13214.VETERINARIAN ASSIS TANT (獸醫(yī)助理)Person needed for busy animal hospital. Some nights and weekends.Spply in person to Johnson-M

38、arks Animal Hospital,4典型例題 Road, Syracuse,NY.13224.After4p.m. only please.NURSESASSISTANTS Full-time and part-time positions available for modernnuisring home.High pay. Call Mrs. Downes,R.N.at 5347618.COOK NEEDED immediately.Busy downtown restaurant.Must be good and dependable.Experience preferred.W

39、eekends required. Call 324-9817.Help Wanted Help WantedSALESPERSON Experienced.Must have some Knowledge of mens clothing industry.Available to word evenings and some Saturdays.Send resume (個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷)to:Martins Apparel.237 Rockledge St.Syracuse,NY13224.TEACHER small private school needs English and math t

40、eachers.Must have BS degree and at least 4 years teaching experience.Send resume to:Wales Charter School 19 South 8 th St,NY 13214.HOTEL needs part-time FRONT DESK CLERK.No experi8ence necessary.Excellent people and phong skills a must. Some computer skills helpful. $13/hr. Call:Mr.Jones 357-2897.1.

41、 lf you are interested in working in a hotel, call_. A. 435 92典型例題 B. 534-7618 C. 324 9817 D. 357-2897 2. If you want to get a job as a math teacher, send your resume to_. A. 237 Rockledge St. , Syracuse, NY. 13224 B. 4典型例題 Road, Syracuse, NY. 13224 C. 500 Park Drive, Dewitt, NY. 13214 D. 19 south 8

42、th St. NY. 1321.1 3. If you dislike working on Sundays, being a_should be your best choice. A. cook B. secretary C. salesperson D. veterinarian assistant 4. If you want to get a job at_, you must have office skills. A. Martin's Apparel B. East Side Management C. Wales Charter School Johnson-Mark

43、s Animal Hosptal命題目的與解題技巧：這是一則廣告題。目的是考查生是否看懂招聘廣告。解答這類(lèi)題的技巧在于：首先看請(qǐng)題干，帶著問(wèn)題從原文搜索答案。屬于細(xì)節(jié)題中的直接理解題，只要把問(wèn)題與原文掛購(gòu)即可較容易地得到答案。 【解 析】 本文屬?gòu)V告類(lèi)題材，文字難度適中。但需注意的是，廣告類(lèi)文章尤其是招聘類(lèi)廣告，其語(yǔ)句經(jīng)常缺少成分。不過(guò)問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)比較簡(jiǎn)單，可以從文中直接找到答案。 【答案】1D細(xì)節(jié)題，最后一則廣告是招聘旅館前臺(tái)接待員，電話(huà)是3572897 2D. 細(xì)節(jié)題。第七則廣告是一所私立學(xué)校招聘教師。據(jù)此可以選出答案。 3C. 細(xì)節(jié)題。從選項(xiàng)中排除：招聘秘書(shū)、廚師和獸醫(yī)助理的廣告片要求在周末

44、工作，只有銷(xiāo)售人員要求晚上工作。 4B. 細(xì)節(jié)題。在招聘秘書(shū)的廣告中要求有辦公技能，且投遞申請(qǐng)要在East SldeManagement。故選答案B。2.(典型例題卷) Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee (裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don't care much about who wins or' loses, and it doesn't seem to worry them if the

45、game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almos

46、t a game in itself. Grown-ups can hardly find children's games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a

47、 popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to some- one of whom he is ordinarily afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in par- ticular games that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a b典型例題ually at someone, o

48、r to kiss some- one he has caught.It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their controk Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that everychild has a chance to win. 1

49、. What is true about children when they play games? A. They can stop playing any time they like. B. They can test their personal abilities. C. They want to pick a better team. D. They don't need rules. 2. To become a leader in a game, the child has to _. A. play well B. wait for his turn C. be c

50、onfident in himself D. be popular among his playmates 3. What do we know about grown-ups? A. They are not interested in games. B. They find children's games too easy. C. They don't need a reason to play games. D. They don't understand children's games. 4. Why does a child like playin

51、g games? A. Because he can be someone other than himself. B. Because he can become popular among friends. C. Because he finds he is always lucky in games. D. Because he likes the place where he plays a game. 5. The writer believes that_. A. children should make better rules for their games B. childr

52、en should invite grown-ups to play with them C. children's games can do them a lot of good D. children play games without reasons 【解 析】 本文介紹了孩子們的不同于成人世界的游戲規(guī)則：簡(jiǎn)單而公平；而成人卻對(duì)此迷惑不解。 【答 案】 1A 這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段第三句說(shuō)明在做游戲時(shí)，他們可以根據(jù)自己的愿望在任何時(shí)候停止游戲。 2B這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。從第二段倒數(shù)第二句可知，孩子們輪流擔(dān)任游戲的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。 3B這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段第一句說(shuō)明大人們認(rèn)為孩子們的游戲太

53、簡(jiǎn)單了。 4A 這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句可以判斷出孩子們喜好游戲的原因是他們?cè)谟螒蛑邪缪萘伺c自己完全不同的角色。 5C 第二段第二句表明作者的態(tài)度，他認(rèn)為做游戲?qū)⒆觽儊?lái)說(shuō)是很有好處的。通過(guò)以上兩個(gè)例題可以看出，細(xì)節(jié)實(shí)事題大多可以在閱讀材料中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的文字或相關(guān)的部分作為驗(yàn)證。這一部分可能是一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，也可能是一個(gè)句子或相關(guān)的若干句命題點(diǎn)2 主旨大意本類(lèi)考題解答錦囊 一篇文章通常是圍繞一個(gè)中心思想展開(kāi)的。不少文章一開(kāi)頭便展示出文章的主題，特別是新聞報(bào)道，第一小段通常是故事的梗概，這一段往往表達(dá)了文章的中心思想；在文章的段落中，則通常由開(kāi)頭的一句作為主題句(topic senten

54、ce)來(lái)概括該段的中心思想。主題句一般具有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)： 1表述的意思比較概括，相對(duì)主題句來(lái)看，這種概括性更為明顯。 2句子結(jié)構(gòu)較簡(jiǎn)單，多數(shù)都不采用長(zhǎng)、難句的形式。 3段落中其他的句子必定是用來(lái)解釋、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表述的主題思想。 理解一篇文章的主旨大意首先要學(xué)會(huì)尋找主題句。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在一個(gè)段落中，主題句的位置有五種情況： 1主題句在段首：在有主題句的段落中，主題句位于段首的可能性最大。通常用演繹法撰寫(xiě)的段落，往往遵循從一般到個(gè)別的寫(xiě)作程序，即以概述開(kāi)始，隨之詳細(xì)解說(shuō)。 2主題句在段尾：與主題句位于段首的情況相反，主題句位于段尾時(shí)，通常用歸納法撰寫(xiě)。表述細(xì)節(jié)的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此

55、而結(jié)尾。位于段尾的主題句往往陳述依據(jù)上文的細(xì)節(jié)的結(jié)論或建議，歸納的要點(diǎn)或共性以及得出的觀(guān)察印象或結(jié)果。 3主題句在段中：當(dāng)主題句位于段中，開(kāi)段的句子往往表述段落要論述的主題，而主題則由隨之引出的句子來(lái)表達(dá)。此外，為闡明主題思想，在主題句之后，仍有一些句子陳述細(xì)節(jié)，或作合乎邏輯的引申。這一類(lèi)的段落包括三個(gè)層次：引題主題解釋?zhuān)蛱釂?wèn)回答解釋。 屯主題句在段首和段尾：在一些文段中，作者為了突出主題思想，并暗示讀者，這段文章中的意思比其他的段更重要。采用了前后呼應(yīng)、兩次點(diǎn)題的寫(xiě)作乎法。值得注意的是，表述同一主題思想的兩個(gè)主題句，在句型結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞方面往往不盡致，而且在內(nèi)容上后者也不是前者的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，多半

56、有所引申或順應(yīng)其向細(xì)節(jié)的鋪敘而有所側(cè)重。 5主題句暗含在段中：不是所有的段落都有主題句。尤其是在多段文章中，主題句并沒(méi)有明確表述。閱讀這樣的文段，主要通過(guò)對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的陳述或概括各段的主題思想，含蓄地表達(dá)文段的主題思想。對(duì)于無(wú)主題句的文段，不可能采用辯論主題句的方法來(lái)獲取其主題思想。而應(yīng)正確理解作者提供的所有細(xì)節(jié)，包括事實(shí)、觀(guān)點(diǎn)和事件，在大腦中形成初步印象。然后發(fā)揮自己的邏輯概括能力，概括作者提供的事實(shí)、觀(guān)點(diǎn)和事件，綜合歸納成一般概念。這種概念不一定能達(dá)到主題句那樣完整，但只要切合文段的主題即可。 這類(lèi)試題主要考查學(xué)生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析、歸納文章的段落大意、重要睛節(jié)、人物特征、環(huán)境特點(diǎn)的能力。這種試題要求學(xué)生把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心句；要求能較好地運(yùn)用概念、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維的方法，難度較大，屬于高層次題。在運(yùn)