高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法---構(gòu)詞法

1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 構(gòu)詞法Personal Information Wherethereisawill,there isaway. 有志者，事竟成有志者，事竟成 。 ThomasEdisonWord Formation構(gòu)詞法合成法合成法派生法派生法縮略法縮略法 概念：概念：合成法指由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞合成新詞。.合成法 (Compounding)1. 合成名詞 (Noun compounds) n. + n. = n. spaceship classroom girlfriend mooncake postman chairman hip-hop 街舞 adj. + n. = n. blackbo

2、ard whiteboard greenhouse superstar v-ing + n. = n. runningwater dining room drinking water reading room n. + v-ing = n. handwriting horse riding2. 合成形容詞 (Adjective compounds) warm-hearted cold-blooded part-time broad- minded man-made handmade good-looking3. 合成介詞 (Preposition compounds) outside insi

3、de within without4. 合成副詞 (Adverb compounds) sometimes overhead downstairs nearby5. 合成動(dòng)詞 (Verb compounds) underline moonwalk overwork overhear overcome chain-smoke nickname mass-produce6. 合成代詞 (Pronoun compounds)-one-body-thingsome-someonesomebodysomethingany-anyoneanybodyanythingevery-everyoneeveryb

4、odyeverythingno-nonenobodynothing. 派生法 (Affixation) 概念：概念：派生法又叫詞綴法，是給一個(gè)單詞加上前綴或后綴而構(gòu)成新的單詞。 1. 前綴法 （Prefixation） 一般來(lái)說(shuō)前綴不會(huì)改變一個(gè)詞的詞性。一般來(lái)說(shuō)前綴不會(huì)改變一個(gè)詞的詞性。 否定前綴 un + adj. unhappy unknown unusual untrue unimportant unable unkind un + adv. unusually unexpectedly unhappily undoubtedly un + v. uncover untie unlock

5、 im + adj. impossible impolite impatient in + adj. incorrect incomplete invisible ir + adj. irregular irreplaceable mis + v. mistake misunderstand dis + v. dislike disagree disappear dis + adj. dishonest discouraged 泄氣的 表示空間位置關(guān)系的前綴 a- 表示在之上；處于的狀態(tài) ahead 在頭頂上 abroad aside 在外邊f(xié)ore- 在前面forehead forearmi

6、n-, il-, im, 向內(nèi)，在內(nèi)inside include importout- 向外outside outdoors outlook觀點(diǎn)，見(jiàn)解over- 在上面的，在外的overhead overcoat overcomepre- 在之前prewar prepay under- 在之下 underground underline up- 向上 upward upstairs tele- 遠(yuǎn) telephone television(3) 表示時(shí)間序列關(guān)系的前綴 fore- 在前，預(yù)先 foreword foretell foresightmid- 中間midnight midautum

7、n midsummerpost- 在之后postwar postliberation re- 重復(fù)retell rebuild replace rewriteover- 超過(guò)overeat overpass super- 極，超supermarket superman superstar(4) 一些表示特殊意義的前綴 auto- 自動(dòng) automobile auto bicycle micro- 微小 microscope microcomputer bi- 數(shù)量 biweekly bimonthly mini- 小型 minibus miniskirt minimarket en- 使 en

8、rich enlarge enable2. 后綴 (Suffixation) 概念：在詞的詞尾加上一個(gè)詞綴構(gòu)成新的概念：在詞的詞尾加上一個(gè)詞綴構(gòu)成新的單詞。單詞。后綴往往會(huì)改變一個(gè)詞的詞性。后綴往往會(huì)改變一個(gè)詞的詞性。 表示 “的人” 的后綴 -er 的人 v. + er reader worker reporter leader waiter designer painter n. + er villager prisoner farmer adj. + er westerner easterner southerner northerner -or 的人 actor governor vi

9、sitor -ress 表示女性，雌性 actress waitress -ese 人 Chinese Japanese -an 人 American Australian Canadian -ist 家，者 artist novelist violinist pianist (2)構(gòu)成抽象名詞集合名詞的后綴 v. + ment movement government judgment v. + ion / sion / tion / ation action pronunciation invitation decision vision intention n. + ship friend

10、ship membership relationship leadership adj. + ness kindness illness happiness 形容詞的后綴 -able/ible enjoyable horrible terrible -al natural international -ful careful hopeful helpful useful successful -less careless hopeless useless homeless -ly friendly monthly lonely -y cloudy lucky hilly healthy noi

11、sy -ous / ious dangerous serious -ed excited shocked frightened interested -ing surprising exciting interesting shocking 副詞的后綴 -ly suddenly quickly slowly certainly nearly successfully -ward/wards backwards forwards downwards upwards northward southward eastward westward 動(dòng)詞的后綴 adj./n. + en deepen da

12、rken sharpen 數(shù)詞的后綴 -teen thirteen fifteen nineteen fourteen -ty twenty thirty fifty ninety -th eleventh twelfth fourth eighth ninth hundredth thousandth 概念：縮略法縮短原有詞匯使讀音和寫(xiě)概念：縮略法縮短原有詞匯使讀音和寫(xiě)法呈現(xiàn)新的形式。法呈現(xiàn)新的形式。 1. 剪切法 (Clipping) 剪切詞頭剪切詞頭 (Front clipping) airplane telephone taxicab 剪切詞尾剪切詞尾 (Back clipping)

13、examination photograph. 縮略法 (Acronymy)planephonecabexamphoto advertisement 2. 混成法 (Blending) breakfast + lunch = brunch 早晨和中午之間的飯 smoke + fog = smog 煙霧 work + welfare = workfare 工作福利 medical + care = medicare 醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn) 3. 首字母縮略 （Initialisms） BBC UNadBritish Broadcasting CorporationUnited Nations 4. 首字母縮寫(xiě)詞 （Acronyms） 此種縮略法形成的詞讀成一個(gè)單詞 AIDS 獲得性免疫系統(tǒng)缺陷綜合癥（艾滋?。?VIP UFO ICBC CCBVery Important PersonUnidentified Flying ObjectIndustrial and Co