人教版英語(yǔ)選修6課文原文及課文譯文

1、人教版英語(yǔ)選修6課文原文及課文譯文Unit 1 Art 第一單元藝術(shù)ReadingA SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTINGArt is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text

2、. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD.The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD)During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artistof this period was not interested in showing na

3、ture and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more reali

4、stic way.The Renaissance(15th to 16th century)During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Gre

5、ek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they coule decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their acti

6、vities and achievements.One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the

7、rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence,oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able

8、to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century)In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal,from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were ma

9、ny new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worke in Paris.The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shad

10、ow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said

11、 that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.Modern Art(29th century to today)At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepeted as the beginning of what we call modern art. This is because the Impressionists encouraged

12、 artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles,but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exsist. On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes,

13、but instead concentrates n certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. These styles are so different. Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the futur

14、e?西方繪畫藝術(shù)簡(jiǎn)史西方藝術(shù)風(fēng)格變化較大，而中國(guó)藝術(shù)風(fēng)格變化較小。人們的生活方式和信 仰影響了藝術(shù)。中國(guó)和歐洲不同，生活方式在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間里相似。西方藝術(shù)豐富多 彩，僅憑一篇短短的課文難以描述全面。所以，本篇課文僅描述了從公元 5世紀(jì) 開(kāi)始的幾種主要風(fēng)格。中世紀(jì)（公元5世紀(jì)到15世紀(jì)）在中世紀(jì)，畫家的主要任務(wù)是表現(xiàn)宗教主題。藝術(shù)家們并沒(méi)有把興趣放在 呈現(xiàn)人和自然的真實(shí)面貌上，而是著力于體現(xiàn)對(duì)上帝的愛(ài)戴和敬重。因此，這 段時(shí)期的繪畫充滿著宗教的信條。到 13世紀(jì)時(shí)，情況已經(jīng)開(kāi)始發(fā)生變化，像喬 托這樣的畫家以比較現(xiàn)實(shí)的風(fēng)格來(lái)畫宗教場(chǎng)景。文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期（15世紀(jì)到16世紀(jì)）在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，新的思想和價(jià)值觀取

15、代了中世紀(jì)的那一套，人們開(kāi)始更 關(guān)心人而不是宗教。畫家們回到了羅馬、希臘的藝術(shù)理論上。他們盡力地畫出 人和自然的真實(shí)面貌。富人們想為自己的宮殿和豪宅收藏藝術(shù)品，他們高價(jià)聘 請(qǐng)著名藝術(shù)家來(lái)為自己畫畫，畫自己的房屋和其他財(cái)物，畫他們的活動(dòng)，畫他 們的成就。在這個(gè)階段，最重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一是如何用透視法來(lái)畫出事物的形象。在 一年，馬薩喬成為第一個(gè)在繪畫中使用透視方法的人，當(dāng)人們第一次看到他 的畫時(shí)，還以為是透過(guò)墻上的小孔，來(lái)觀看真實(shí)的情景，并對(duì)此深信不疑。如 果沒(méi)有透視法，人們就不可能畫出如此逼真的畫，在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，油畫也得 到了發(fā)展，它使得色彩看上去更豐富，更深沉。印象派時(shí)期（19世紀(jì)后期到20世紀(jì)

16、初期）19世紀(jì)后期，歐洲發(fā)生了巨大的變化，從以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的社會(huì)變成了以工業(yè) 為主的社會(huì)。許多人從農(nóng)村遷入城市。有著大量的新發(fā)明，還有許多社會(huì)變革。 這些變革也自然而然地導(dǎo)致了繪畫風(fēng)格上的變化。那些打破傳統(tǒng)畫法的人有在 巴黎生活和工作的印象派畫家。印象派畫家是第一批室外寫生的藝術(shù)家。他們想把一天中不同時(shí)間投射到 物體上的光線和陰影畫出來(lái)。由于自然光的變化很快，所以，印象派畫家必須很快地作畫。因此，他們的畫就不像以前那些畫家的畫那樣細(xì)致了，起初，多 數(shù)人都看不慣這種新式畫法，甚至還非常生氣。他們說(shuō)這些畫家作畫時(shí)心不在 焉，粗枝大葉，他們的作品更是荒唐?，F(xiàn)代藝術(shù)(20世紀(jì)至今)在印象派作品的創(chuàng)建初期，

17、他們存在爭(zhēng)議。但是，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被人們接受， 并且成為現(xiàn)在所說(shuō)的 現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”的始祖。如今，現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)已有幾十多種，如果 沒(méi)有印象派藝術(shù)，也就沒(méi)有那么多不同的風(fēng)格，印象派畫家?guī)椭囆g(shù)家們用新 的方法來(lái)觀察環(huán)境和藝術(shù)。有些現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)是抽象的，也就是說(shuō)，畫家并不打算 把我們的眼睛看到的東西如實(shí)地畫出來(lái)，而是集中體現(xiàn)某些物體的某些品質(zhì)和 特征，用色彩、線條和形狀把它們呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。另一方面，有些現(xiàn)代派的藝術(shù)作 品太逼真了，看上去就像一張照片。預(yù)言將來(lái)藝術(shù)的風(fēng)格倒是很有意思的。Using LanguageReadingThe Best of Manhattan s GalleriesThe Frick Collec

18、tion(5th Avenue and E.70th Street)Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people. Frick had a preference for pre-twentieth century Western

19、paintings, and these are well-represented in this excellent collection. You can also explore Frick s beautiful home and garden which are well worth a visit.Guggenheim Museum(5th Avenue and 88th Street)This museum owns 5,000 modern paintings, sculptures and drawings. These art works are not all displ

20、ayed at the same time.The exhibition is always changing. It will apeal to those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings.The Guggenheim Museum building is also world-famous. When you walk into the gallery, you fell as if you were inside a fragile ,white seashell. The best way to see t

21、he paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom. There are no stairs, just a circular path. The museum also has an excellent reaturant.Metropolitan Museum of Art(5th Avenue and 82nd Street)The reputation of this museum lies in the variety if its art collection. This covers mo

22、re than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts if the world, including America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African countries and South America.The museun diaplays more than just the visual delights of art.It introduces you to ancient ways of living. You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragrant

23、 Ming garden, a typical room in an 18th century French house and other special exhibitions.Museum of Modern Art(53rd Street, btween 5th and 6th Avenues)It is amazing that so many great works of from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum. The collection of Western ar

24、t includes paintings by such famous artists as Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso and Matisse. Afew words of warning:the admission price is not cheap an the meseum is often very crowded.Whitney Museum of American Art(945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street)曼哈頓藝術(shù)畫廊薈萃弗里克收藏館位于第五大道和麥迪遜大道之間許多藝術(shù)愛(ài)好者都認(rèn)為這個(gè)收藏館是紐約最好的一家小型藝術(shù)

25、陳列館。亨 利克萊 弗里克是紐約的一位富豪。他去世于 年，他把他的家具、房子和藝術(shù)收藏品都捐獻(xiàn)給了美國(guó)人民。在這個(gè)陳列館里，你不僅看到20世紀(jì)以前的西方繪畫的珍藏品，而且，你還能瀏覽弗里克的美麗的故居。在這個(gè)漂亮的公寓 里，花園也是很值得一看的。古根海姆博物館第5大道和第88街交匯處這家博物館擁有5, 000幅現(xiàn)代油畫、雕塑和素描。這些藝術(shù)品并不是同時(shí) 展出的，展品總是在不斷地更換。所收藏的藝術(shù)品中大部分是印象派和后印象派的作品。古根海姆博物館的大樓是世界聞名的。當(dāng)你走進(jìn)畫廊的時(shí)候，你會(huì) 覺(jué)得你進(jìn)入了一個(gè)巨大的白色貝殼之中?？串嬚棺詈檬菑捻攲涌雌?，一直往下 看到底層。展廳里沒(méi)有樓梯，只有一條環(huán)

26、行的小道。博物館里還有一家極好的 餐館。（紐約）大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館第5大道與第82街交匯處這家博物館是美國(guó)收藏藝術(shù)品最多的一家，它的藝術(shù)品收藏涵蓋了5, 000多年來(lái)世界上眾多國(guó)家的文明史，其中包括美洲、歐洲、中國(guó)、埃及、非洲和 南美洲。這家博物館展出的不僅僅只是藝術(shù)，它還給你介紹了古代的生活方式。 你可以看到埃及的寺廟，明朝的御花園，18世紀(jì)法國(guó)豪宅中的住房，以及許多 其他特殊展品?，F(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館第53街（位于第5和第6大道之間）令人驚奇的是，在同一博物館里竟能容納下19世紀(jì)后期到21世紀(jì)的如此眾多的名家巨作。西方藝術(shù)的收藏包括有莫奈、凡 高、畢加索和馬蒂斯等著名藝 術(shù)家的作品。有幾句話需要提

27、醒你注意：博物館票價(jià)不菲，常常擁擠?；萏啬崦绹?guó)藝術(shù)博物館麥迪遜大道945號(hào)（靠近第75街）惠特尼博物館藏有極好的當(dāng)代美國(guó)畫和雕塑品。館內(nèi)沒(méi)有永久性的展出， 展品都是隨時(shí)更換的?；萏啬岵┪镳^每?jī)赡暧幸淮翁厥獾恼褂[，展品是仍然在 世的畫家們的新作。這家博物館還展出當(dāng)代影視藝術(shù)家的錄像和電影作品。Unit 2 Poems 第二單元 詩(shī)歌ReadingA few simple forms of English poemsThere are various reasons why people write poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe somet

28、hing in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. Others try to convey certain emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms.(A)Hush, little baby, dont say a word,Papas going to buy you a mocking

29、bird.If that mockingbird wont sing,Papas going to buy you a diamond ring.If that diamond ring turns to brass,Papas going to buy you a looking-glass.If that looking-glass gets broke,Papas going to buy you a billy-goat.If that billy-goat runs away,Papas going to buy you another today.One of the simple

30、st kinds of poems are those like B and C that list things.List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C).(B)I saw a fish- pond all on fireI saw a fish-pond all on fire,I saw a house bow t

31、o a squire,I saw a person twelve-feet high,I saw a cottage in the sky,I saw a balloon made of lead,I saw a coffin drop down dead,I saw two sparrows run a race,I saw two horses making lace,I saw a girl just like a cat,I saw a kitten wear a hat,I saw a man who saw these too,And said though strange the

32、y all were true.(C)Our first football matchWe would have won .if Jack had scored that goal,if wed had just a few more minutes,if we had trained harder,if Ben had passed the ball to Joe,if wed had thousands of fans screaming,if I hadnt taken my eye off the ball,if we hadnt stayed up so late the night

33、 before,if we hadnt taken it easy,if we hadnt run out of energy.We would have won .if wed been better!Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines.With these, students can convey a strong picture in just a few words. Look at the examples (D

34、 and E) on the top of the next page.(D)BrotherBeautiful, athleticTeasing, shouting, laughingFriend and enemy tooMine(E)SummerSleepy, saltyDrying, drooping, dreadingWeek in, week outEndlessHaiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables.It is not a traditional form of English poetr

35、y, but is very popular with English writers.It is easy to write and, like the cinquain , can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using the minimum of words.The two haiku poems (F and G) above are translations from the Japanese.(F)A fallen blossomLook, a butterfly!(by Moritake)(G)Snow h

36、aving melted,The whole village is brimfulOf happy children.(by Issa)Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry - Tang poems from China in particular?A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English.This Tang poem (H) is a translation from the Chinese.(H)Where she

37、awaits her husband(by Wang Jian)On and on the river flows.Never looking back,Transformed into stone.Day by day upon the mountain top,wind and rain revolve.Should the traveller return,this stone would utter speech.英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌的幾種簡(jiǎn)單形式人們寫詩(shī)有著各種各樣的理由。有些詩(shī)是為了敘事，或者說(shuō)是描述某件事， 并給讀者以強(qiáng)烈的印象。而有些詩(shī)則是為了傳達(dá)某種感情。詩(shī)人用許多不同格 式的詩(shī)來(lái)表達(dá)自

38、己的情感。本文只談了幾種格式比較簡(jiǎn)單的詩(shī)。最早用英文寫的詩(shī)是童謠。孩子們很小就學(xué)習(xí)童謠。像下邊的這首童謠(A)至今仍然是常見(jiàn)的。這些童謠能使俏皮孩子們快樂(lè)，因?yàn)樗鼈児?jié)奏感強(qiáng)并且押韻，而且重復(fù)多遍。這樣就容易學(xué)，也容易背。通過(guò)童謠中的文字游戲，教孩 子們學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。（A）小寶寶，別吵吵，爸爸給你買個(gè)小哩鳥(niǎo)。小哩鳥(niǎo)，不會(huì)唱，爸爸給你買個(gè)鉆石戒。鉆石戒，變成銅爸爸給你買個(gè)小鏡子。小鏡子，打破了，爸爸給你買個(gè)小山羊。小山羊，跑掉了。爸爸今天再去買一只。像（B）和（C）這樣列舉事物的清單詩(shī)是詩(shī)歌中最簡(jiǎn)單的一種，學(xué)生可以自 己動(dòng)手寫。清單詩(shī)可以重復(fù)一些短語(yǔ)和韻腳（如B）,但有一些也不是這樣（如C）。（B）我

39、看到魚塘在燃燒我看到魚塘在燃燒，我看到房子向地主哈腰，我看到人高一丈八，我看到茅屋在天郊,我看到氣球用鋁做。我看到棺材把死人拋。 我看到兩只麻雀在賽跑, 我看到兩匹馬兒繡花包。 我看到姑娘像只貓， 我看到小貓戴花帽。我看到有人在一旁瞄， 雖奇怪，但也把實(shí)情報(bào)。（C）我們的第一場(chǎng)球賽我們本來(lái)會(huì)得冠軍 如果杰克踢進(jìn)了那個(gè)球, 如果我們還有幾分鐘， 如果我們訓(xùn)練得更嚴(yán)格, 如果本把球傳給了喬， 如果有大批球迷助威， 如果我死死盯住球，如果我們頭晚不熬夜， 如果我們沒(méi)有太大意，如果我們沒(méi)有精疲力竭,我們本來(lái)會(huì)得冠軍如果我們?cè)俑傻煤靡恍?另外，一種學(xué)生容易寫的簡(jiǎn)體詩(shī)是由五行組成的，叫做五行詩(shī)。用五行詩(shī)，

40、 學(xué)生可以用少量的詞語(yǔ)傳遞一幅動(dòng)人的畫面。請(qǐng)看下面的（D）和（E）兩個(gè)例子（D）兄弟愛(ài)美，又愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)愛(ài)鬧，愛(ài)叫，又愛(ài)笑是我的朋友也是我的敵人（E）夏天困乏，刺激干涸，枯萎，恐怖周而復(fù)始永無(wú)止境俳句詩(shī)（Haiku）是一種日本詩(shī)，由17個(gè)音節(jié)組成。它不屬英詩(shī)的傳統(tǒng)形式， 但是在說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人們中間，這種詩(shī)也是很流行的。它容易寫，而且像五行詩(shī)一 樣，它可用很少的詞語(yǔ)呈現(xiàn)出一幅清晰的畫面，表達(dá)出一種特殊的感情。下面 兩首俳句詩(shī)下面的（F）和（G）就是由日文翻譯而來(lái)的。（F）落下的花朵回顧到樹(shù)枝上。瞧啊，是個(gè)蝴蝶！(作者：moritake)（G）雪兒溶化了，整個(gè)村莊充滿著歡樂(lè)的兒童。(作者：issa)你知道嗎

41、？說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人也借另外一種亞洲詩(shī)，那就是中國(guó)的唐詩(shī)，許多唐 詩(shī)已經(jīng)翻譯成英文了。這些詩(shī)都譯成了自由體，說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人都喜歡模仿它。下 面這首唐詩(shī)就是從中文譯成英文的。（H）望夫石王健望夫處，江悠悠?；癁槭?，不回頭。山頭日日風(fēng)復(fù)雨，行人歸來(lái)石應(yīng)語(yǔ)。Using LanguageListening, reading and discussingIVE SAVED THE SUMMER(by Rod McKuen)Ive saved the summerAnd I give it all to youTo hold on winter morningsWhen the snow is new.Ive sav

42、ed some sunlightIf you should ever needA place away from darknessWhere your mind can feed.And for myself Ive kept your smileWhen you were but nineteen,Till youre older youll not knowWhat brave young smiles can mean.I know no answersTo help you on your wayThe answers lie somewhereAt the bottom of the

43、 day.But if youve a need for loveIll give you all l ownIt might help you down the roadTill youve found your own.我保留了夏天Rod Mckuen我把夏天留下，全都交給了你。當(dāng)雪花兒初降時(shí)，讓冬天的早晨停住。我把陽(yáng)光留下，萬(wàn)一你需要它。在那遠(yuǎn)離黑暗的地方，你的心靈會(huì)得到補(bǔ)養(yǎng)。那年你芳齡十九，我就珍藏了你的微笑。等你長(zhǎng)大成人以后，才知道年輕勇敢的微笑的奧秘我不知道有什么辦法，幫你踏上你人生的旅程。辦法也許就在某處：在白天結(jié)束的那個(gè)時(shí)辰。如果你需要愛(ài)，我會(huì)獻(xiàn)上我所有的愛(ài)。它也許能幫你踏上旅

44、程，直到你也找到屬于你的愛(ài)。Unit 3 A healthy life 第三單元健康生活ReadingADVICE FROM GRANDADDear James,It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. I have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kil

45、ometres in an afternoon. Its my birthday in two weeks time and Ill be 82 years old! I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are fi

46、nding it difficult to give it up. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop. You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.I am sending you some advice I found on the Internet. It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve. I

47、 do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.Love fromGrandadHow can you stop smoking?It is not easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you. Here are a few suggestions.Prapare youself. Decide on a day to quit. Don t choose a day that you kngo

48、ing to be stressful, such as the day of an exam. Make a list of all the benefits you will get from stopping smoking. Then throw away your last packet of cigarettes.Be determined. Every time you fell like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. Reread the list of benefits you

49、wrote earlier.Break the habit. Instead of smoking a cigarette, do something else. Go for a walk, clean your teeth, frink some water, clean the house; in fact, do anything to keep ypur mind and especially your hands busy.Relax. If you start to feel nervous or stressed, do not raech for a cigarette. T

50、ry some deep breathing instead. Do some relaxationg exercises every time you feel stressed.Get help if you need it. Arrange to stop smoking with a friend so you can talk about your problems,or join a stop-smoking group. If you feel desperate , you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about some

51、thing to help you, like nicotine chewing gum.Keep trying. Don t be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking. If you weaken and have a cigarette,do not feel ashamed. Just try again. You will succeed finally.爺爺?shù)闹腋嬗H愛(ài)的詹姆士：今天，這兒天氣晴朗?，F(xiàn)在，我正坐在花園盡頭的那棵大樹(shù)底下。我騎自 行車跑了很長(zhǎng)一段路，一直

52、到了古城堡，剛剛回來(lái)。感到不可思議吧，像我這 樣的年紀(jì)，身體健康而且能在一個(gè)下午騎車跑20公里。再過(guò)兩個(gè)禮拜就是我82歲的生日了！我想我之所以長(zhǎng)壽而且精力充沛，要?dú)w功于我的健康生活。這就是我寫信給你的真正原因，我親愛(ài)的孫子。你媽媽告訴我，你已經(jīng)開(kāi) 始吸煙了，而且還很難把它戒掉。相信我吧，我知道，吸煙容易戒煙難。你知 道，當(dāng)我還是一個(gè)十幾歲的孩子的時(shí)候，我也吸過(guò)煙，而且還上了癮。這兒我 想順便問(wèn)你一個(gè)問(wèn)題，你知道上癮有三個(gè)方面的原因嗎？身體對(duì)尼古丁有癮，尼古丁是香煙里幾百種化學(xué)物質(zhì)一。這就是說(shuō)，過(guò)了一段時(shí)間以后，你的身體習(xí)慣了香煙里的尼古丁，一 旦你的體內(nèi)沒(méi)有這種麻醉劑了，你就會(huì)感到不舒服、煩躁

53、，甚至痛苦。你也可 能因?yàn)榱?xí)慣的原因而上癮，你知道，如果你反反復(fù)復(fù)地做同一件事情，你就會(huì) 自覺(jué)地做它。最后，上癮還有心理上的原因。有的人認(rèn)為，抽了一支煙后，他就會(huì)感到輕松愉快，于是就以為抽煙才能使感覺(jué)良好。我想我之所以上癮是有 著這三個(gè)方面的原因的，因此，要戒煙就很難。但是我最后還是戒掉了。在我年輕的時(shí)候，關(guān)于吸煙的危害性我知道得并不多。當(dāng)時(shí)，我不知道抽 煙能嚴(yán)重侵害人的心臟和肺部，也不知道吸煙的夫婦生育能力會(huì)下降。我更不 知道，我自己吸煙還會(huì)損害那些不吸煙人的健康。然而，我的的確確知道，我的女朋友覺(jué)得我的煙味很難聞。她說(shuō)我的呼吸、我的衣服都有煙的味道，我的 手指頭都變黃了。她說(shuō)在我把煙戒掉之

54、前她是不會(huì)同我一起外出的。我也發(fā)現(xiàn) 我跑得不如以前那么快，也不像以前那樣愛(ài)好運(yùn)動(dòng)了。而當(dāng)因?yàn)閯?dòng)作慢而被校 足球隊(duì)除名之后，我才知道該是我戒煙的時(shí)候了。我把我從網(wǎng)上找到的一些忠告寄給你，也許對(duì)你戒煙有所幫助。我的確希 望你把它戒掉，因?yàn)槲蚁Ｍ隳芟裎疫@樣活得健康長(zhǎng)壽。愛(ài)你的爺爺我怎樣才能戒煙呢？戒煙不容易，但許許多多的人都成功地戒掉了煙，所以你也能。這兒有幾 點(diǎn)建議：做好準(zhǔn)備。 確定一個(gè)開(kāi)始戒煙的日子。不要選擇你明知有壓力的日子，例 如考試的那一天。把戒煙的好處開(kāi)列一個(gè)清單。在你計(jì)劃戒煙的前一天，把你 最后一包香煙扔掉。下定決心。 每次當(dāng)你想要抽煙的時(shí)候 ，你就提醒你自己，你已經(jīng)是不抽 煙的人了

55、。把你早先寫的那個(gè)戒煙的好處的清單反復(fù)地看一看。破除舊習(xí)。 不要抽煙，而去干點(diǎn)別的事情。去散散步、刷刷牙、喝點(diǎn)水、 打掃房間。其實(shí)，只要是能使你的腦，特別是手不要空閑的事情，你都可以去 做。放松休息。 如果你開(kāi)始感到緊張有壓力了，不要伸手去拿煙。嘗試著去做 深呼吸。學(xué)習(xí)一些放松運(yùn)動(dòng)，每當(dāng)你感到有壓力時(shí)，就做一些放松運(yùn)動(dòng)。尋求幫助。和你的一位朋友一起來(lái)做好戒煙的安排，以便你能向他談?wù)勀?的問(wèn)題，或者參加戒煙俱樂(lè)部。如果你感到非常難受，你也可以找醫(yī)生或藥劑 師來(lái)談?wù)?，幫你想點(diǎn)辦法，像尼古丁口香糖。堅(jiān)持嘗試。據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)，有些人嘗試了好幾次，才最終把煙戒掉，如果你因意 志薄弱而又抽煙了，也不要覺(jué)得難為情。

56、再戒一次就是了。最終你會(huì)成功的。Using LanguageReadingHIV/AIDS:ARE YOU AT RISK?HIV is a virus. A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. There are many different viruses, for example, the flu virus or the SARS virus. HIV weakens a persons immune system; that is, the part of the body that fights disea

57、se. You can have HIV in your blood for a long time, but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that you body can no longer fight disease. This stage of the illness is called AIDS. If you develop AIDS, your chances of survival are very small.Until that happens, you need to protect yourself. Here are some things you can do to make sure you stay safe.If you inject drugs:do not share your needle with anyone else. Blood from another person can stay on or in the needle. If a person has HIV and you use the same needle, you could inject the virus into your