譯林版八年級(jí)下英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法課件

1、譯林版八年級(jí)下英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法課件譯林版八年級(jí)下英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法課件語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)課件語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)課件（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1）語(yǔ)法透析語(yǔ)法透析考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語(yǔ) + have/ has + 過(guò)去分詞+.否定句:主語(yǔ)+havent ( have not) +過(guò)去分詞 主語(yǔ)+hasnt ( has not ) +過(guò)去分詞.疑問(wèn)句:Have / Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞.?I havent finished my homework. Have you finished your homework? I have fini

2、shed my homework. 結(jié)構(gòu)考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)三大用法用法用法11) 表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成的動(dòng)作。By now, I have collected all the data I need.Now we have planted all the trees.考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)三大用法用法用法22) 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。Someone has broken the window. I have just cleaned my hands. (窗戶現(xiàn)在是壞的)(手是干凈的)

3、考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)三大用法用法用法33) 表示從過(guò)去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since he was born .考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞(1)一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked (2)以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived (3)以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將“y” 變?yōu)?“i”，再加“ ed ”

4、。 study-studied-studied (4)重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先 雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。 drop-dropped-dropped 規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化A.過(guò)去分詞與過(guò)去式形式一樣havehadhad spend spentspent makemademade saysaidsaid findfoundfound hearheardheard meetmetmet leaveleftleft考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化

5、B.過(guò)去分詞與過(guò)去式形式不一樣taketooktaken speak spokespoken singsangsung drivedrovedriven bewas/werebeen gowentgone 考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化C.過(guò)去分詞、過(guò)去式與動(dòng)詞原形一樣cutcutcutput putput letletletreadreadread 考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2012started learning English2015learning3 yearshave learned EnglishI

6、started learning English in 2012.I am learning English these days.I have learned English for 3 years.（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)VS一般過(guò)去時(shí)考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)用法不同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)用法1：表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。用法1：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。用法2：表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響。用法2：表示過(guò)去存在的某種狀態(tài)。用法3：表示動(dòng)作開始于過(guò)去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。用法3：表示過(guò)去

7、經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？键c(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)用法不同I saw this film yesterday. I have seen this film.（一般過(guò)去時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)影響）已經(jīng)知道內(nèi)容考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)不同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)肯定句：主語(yǔ) + have/ has + 過(guò)去分詞 +.肯定句：主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去式 +. 主語(yǔ) + was/were + 表語(yǔ).否定句:主語(yǔ)+havent ( have not) +過(guò)去分詞+.主語(yǔ)+hasnt ( has not

8、) +過(guò)去分詞+.否定句：主語(yǔ) + did not (didnt) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + was/were not （wasnt/werent) + 表語(yǔ).疑問(wèn)句:Have / Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞.?疑問(wèn)句：Did + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + ? Was/Were + 主語(yǔ) + 表語(yǔ)?考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)經(jīng)典例句：I have been to Australia before.I havent been to Australia before.Have you been to Australia before?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)不同考點(diǎn)大觀考

9、點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)不同一般過(guò)去時(shí)經(jīng)典例句：My father flew to Australia yesterday.My father didnt fly to Australia yesterday.Did you father fly to Australia yesterday?考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)標(biāo)志詞不同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)副詞作標(biāo)志詞：just, already, yet過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)：just now, at that time, yesterday, this mornin

10、g, three years agosince + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)/(時(shí)間段+ago)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)句子for + 時(shí)間段過(guò)去時(shí)間段：in the past, in + 過(guò)去的年份, last week, once upon a time等表示次數(shù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：once, twice, three times, ever, never特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：used to + 動(dòng)詞原形 （過(guò)去常常）考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)標(biāo)志詞不同She returned yesterday. There was a temple in the past.He has been in

11、 New York for many years.Have you ever been to Beijing？（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練解析解析【典例1】He _ in this factory for 20 years already. A. will work B. works C. has worked D. is working考查時(shí)態(tài)。already為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞,且 for + 時(shí)間段表明對(duì)現(xiàn)在的“影響”，故選用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)have/has done?？键c(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練解析解析【典例2】Is Ri

12、chard still living here? No, he _ to Paris already. A. had moved B. moved C. will move D. has moved 考查時(shí)態(tài)。No說(shuō)明Richard不在此處，且already為完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞，選用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)have/has done?？键c(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練解析解析【典例3】Julies father _ to London last month. He _ there three times. A. went, had gone B. has gone, has been C. we

13、nt, has been D. has been, had gone考查時(shí)態(tài)。last month為一般過(guò)去時(shí)標(biāo)志詞，選用went；three times表明去倫敦的“結(jié)果”“影響”，選用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)課件語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)課件（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)2）語(yǔ)法透析語(yǔ)法透析考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)三大用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)三大用法：1.表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成的動(dòng)作。2.一件發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響。3.一個(gè)動(dòng)作開始于過(guò)去，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（也許還將持續(xù)下去）?？键c(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練現(xiàn)在完成

14、時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)回顧肯定句：主語(yǔ) + have/ has + 過(guò)去分詞+.否定句:主語(yǔ)+havent ( have not) +過(guò)去分詞 主語(yǔ)+hasnt ( has not ) +過(guò)去分詞.疑問(wèn)句:Have / Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞.?I havent finished my homework. Have you finished your homework? I have finished my homework. 結(jié)構(gòu)考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練already一般用于肯定句，意為“已經(jīng)”，句中句末均可yet一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，意為“已經(jīng)” ，一般位于句末Tom has a

15、lready finished his homework.Tom hasnt finished his homework yet.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見標(biāo)志詞辨析考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見標(biāo)志詞辨析ever用于疑問(wèn)句，意為“曾經(jīng)”，位于句中never含否定意義，意為“從不”，位于句中Have you ever eaten fish?I have never eaten fish.考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見標(biāo)志詞辨析just多用于肯定句，意為“剛剛”，位于句中before用于所有句式，意為“之前”，位于句末I

16、 have just had my lunch.She hasnt seen you before.考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2since/for用法辨析since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)since+ 時(shí)間段+ agosince+ 從句（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）John has been a football player since 3 years ago.He has lived in China since 1992.sinceTom has lived in America since he was a little child.考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2

17、since/for用法辨析for+ 時(shí)間段forHe has kept the book for 2 weeks.考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3have been to/have gone to辨析have been tohave gone to去過(guò)某地已經(jīng)回來(lái)，可用于任何人稱。常與once, twice, three times, ever, never 等連用。去某地了，說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，常用于第三人稱?？键c(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3have been to/have gone to辨析I have been to Beijing fo

18、r three times.My father has gone to Shanghai for a meeting.（去了尚未回來(lái)）（去過(guò)已回來(lái)）考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練解析解析【典例1】用since/for填空1. My aunt has lived in Australia_15 days.2. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_7 oclock.3. India has been an independent country_1974.考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞。題1中，15 days為時(shí)間段，選用for。題2

19、、3中， 7 oclock和1974為時(shí)間點(diǎn)，選用since。forsincesince考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練解析解析【典例2】My parents _Nanjing twice. A. have gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. are in 考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：我父母去過(guò)南京兩次。have gone to去了尚未回來(lái)；have been to去過(guò)已經(jīng)回來(lái)，鎖定題眼twice，只能選擇答案B?？键c(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練解析解析【典例3】I havent decided when to vis

20、it my grandpa _. A. neverB. still C. already D. yet考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞。句意：我還沒(méi)有決定什么時(shí)候去看我爺爺。never，still僅用于句中，already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句，故答案選D?？键c(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練解析解析【典例4】Has he _ been to Shanghai? A. already B. yet C. ever D. still考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞。句意：他曾去過(guò)上海嗎？由題目可知為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)句意“曾經(jīng)”，選用ever。考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練解析

21、解析【典例5】Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞。句意：你以前見過(guò)李先生嗎？ago用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，just用于句中，答案只能選C。語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)課件語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)課件（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)3）語(yǔ)法透析語(yǔ)法透析考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成的動(dòng)作。表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。表示從過(guò)去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。I have already lost the key.

22、They have built many buildings in this city. 用法He has lived in Shanghai for five years.考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短暫性動(dòng)詞不能跟表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)連用，被稱為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, go, join, leave等。常見的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)他入黨五年了。He joined the

23、 Party five years ago .He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)arrivebe in/atstartbe oncome backbe backmarrybe marriedopenbe openclosebe closedcatch a coldhave a coldfall asleepbe asleep考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)

24、辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)The football match began at 9:00a.m.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.My teacher left Nanjing 3 days ago.My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days.考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練解析解析【典例1】She _ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter. A. married B. has been marrie

25、d C. got married D. has got married考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。marry是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)候，需轉(zhuǎn)化為be married，故選B?？键c(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練解析解析【典例2】I _ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it. A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。leave為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)候，需轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞be away from，故選D。考點(diǎn)大觀考點(diǎn)大觀易錯(cuò)辨

26、析易錯(cuò)辨析通關(guān)訓(xùn)練通關(guān)訓(xùn)練解析解析【典例3】The astronaut is so tired that he _ for eleven hours. A. has been asleep B. has fallen asleep C. has gone to sleep D. has gone to sleep考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。sleep是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)候，需轉(zhuǎn)化為be asleep，故選A。一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)知識(shí)定位能力要求兩者定義掌握考點(diǎn)掌握形式兩者形式時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)使用條件動(dòng)詞詞形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：定義中的考點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)1.肯定形式：主

27、語(yǔ) +have/has done sth.1.肯定形式：主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 （did） + sth.主語(yǔ) + was/were + 表語(yǔ)成分2.否定形式：主語(yǔ) + have/has not done sth. have not=havent, has not = hasnt2.否定形式：主語(yǔ) + did + not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + sth.主語(yǔ) + was/were + not +表語(yǔ)成分3.問(wèn)句形式：Have/Has + 主語(yǔ) + done sth3.問(wèn)句形式： Did + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + sth？Was/Were + 主語(yǔ) + 表語(yǔ)成分？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的

28、不同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：使用詞類的不同典題直擊（2013年內(nèi)江） 37. Though he _ the book three times, he hopes to（2013年呼和浩特） 2. Excuse me，look at the sign NO PHOTOS! 重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)易混掌握兩者的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。掌握兩者的定義，明確使用兩者的時(shí)間和條件。無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選擇使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。過(guò)去動(dòng)作/行為對(duì)目前是否有影響。建議：多把閱讀理解中出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子進(jìn)行比較，積累。根據(jù)題目要求，正確寫出完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的形式。must與與have to區(qū)別區(qū)別Mod

29、el verbsmusthave to dont need todont have to Must sb?Do / Does sb. have to ?(必須必須)(不得不不得不)1. 表示義務(wù)、命令或必要，后面接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。 Soldiers must obey orders. We must keep our word.2. must 用在否定句結(jié)構(gòu)中表示“不允許、禁止”。 He must not leave his room. You mustnt smoke in the office.must用法用法3. must用在一般疑問(wèn)句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt

30、 或dont have to Must I hand it in before five? No, you _. Yes, you _.neednt. / dont have to must1. have to 由have + to組成。因此具有have的各種時(shí)態(tài)。 He is an invalid and has to have a nurse. She knew what she had to do. I shall have to reconsider my position. He is always having to exercise judgment.have to用法用法1.

31、含義不同： must 表示說(shuō)話人的主觀思想，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人意志 和主觀的決心。 have to 側(cè)重于客觀上的必要，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀條件 作用的結(jié)果。 You must do it now. I have to go now.must與與have to區(qū)別區(qū)別3. 否定含義不同在否定句中, have to表示不需要，must則表示不允許。You dont have to go there.You mustnt go there.2. 適用時(shí)態(tài)不同must 只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)（在間接引語(yǔ)中）；have to 可用于更多的場(chǎng)合。She said she must do well in her Eng

32、lish.1. Im going on a field trip but I havent decided _. A. what to do B. to do what C. where to go D. to go where2. Excuse me. Would you please tell me _ buy a digital camera?A. what to B. where to C. what I can D. where can I I. 單項(xiàng)選擇。單項(xiàng)選擇。Exercise疑問(wèn)詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式Grammar動(dòng)詞不定式To do that sort of thing is

33、foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give

34、up smoking is right.1.當(dāng)今掌握一門外語(yǔ)真的很重要。2. 放棄吸煙是對(duì)的。作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1. Fred 沒(méi)有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。2. 他答應(yīng)不告訴任何人這事。作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)My job is to teach English.To see is to believe.1. 我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。2. 眼見為實(shí)。作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)Do you have anything to say?1.

35、 你有什么要說(shuō)的嗎?2. Betty是第一個(gè)知道這真相的人。 Betty was the first to know the truth.作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的狀語(yǔ).原因狀語(yǔ).結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)She asked me to stay here.1. 她叫我待在這兒。2.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹Mr. White給你們。 Please allow me to i

36、ntroduce Mr. White to you.作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)適用于“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞”的動(dòng)詞包括：“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember，think, wonder, understand”等。 有點(diǎn)值得特別注意的是：當(dāng)這結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的作用等于名詞分句，例如： (1) I could not decide which dictionary to buy. / I could not decide

37、which dictionary I should buy. (2) Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher.有些動(dòng)詞，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以先有個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，然后接著加上適當(dāng)?shù)摹耙蓡?wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Have you told him where to get the application form?注意注意A.有些動(dòng)詞后面的不定式不

38、帶to，如feel（一感）hear, listen to（二聽）make, have, let（三讓） see, watch, notice, observe（四看）.I heard them sing a pop song .The teacher made me answer the question.We watched them play football . B. 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式只須在to 前加 not.My father decided not to take up the job.The teacher told us not to be late again.注意注意C.

39、帶疑問(wèn)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式在to 前加疑問(wèn)詞。Mr. Lin will teach us how to use the computer.Can you tell me where to get the book?注意注意D. 作簡(jiǎn)短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式常常省去to 后面的動(dòng)詞，只保留to 。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Mar

40、y想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。注意注意1. Im going on a field trip but I havent decided _. A. what to do B. to do what C. where to go D. to go where2. Excuse me. Would you please tell me _ buy a digital camera?A. what to B. where to C. what I can D. where can I I. 單項(xiàng)選擇。單項(xiàng)選擇。Exercisebe + adjective + enough + to-infinit

41、ive“be + adjective + enough + to-infinitive”結(jié)構(gòu)常用來(lái)描述一個(gè)人的品質(zhì)或能力。表示“某人在某方面已經(jīng)能夠達(dá)到做某事的程度”。在使用本句型的時(shí)候，要注意主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞的一致性。形容詞前沒(méi)有任何諸如very，quite等之類的修飾詞。該句型可以用so+adj.+that(如此以至于)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行替換。如：He is strong enough to lift the heavy box.He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.“tooadjectiveto do sth.”意為“太而不能”表示否定意義；不

42、定式之前可以帶for sb.，表示不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如果在too之前加上not或never，該結(jié)構(gòu)就不再有否定意義。如： The house is too expensive for him to buy.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)這房子太貴了，買不起。He is never too old to learn.活到老，學(xué)到老。Work out the rule!“tooto.”結(jié)構(gòu)可以與“so. that. ”結(jié)構(gòu)及“not. enough to do sth”互換。My brother is too young to join the army.=My brother is so young that he

43、 cant join the army.=My brother is not old enough to join the army.我弟弟太年輕了不能參軍。知識(shí)總結(jié)1. discussion n. 討論【鏈接】discuss v.討論discuss with sb.和某人討論2. express v. 表達(dá)，express oneself表達(dá)自己的思想。3. on ones own 某人自己；獨(dú)立地4. be busy with sth. 忙于某事be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事Language points Language points SummaryWe can:use

44、 “be + adjective + enough + to-infinitive”to describe a persons personality and abilities.use “too + adjective + to-infinitive” to express a negative result.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)精品課件被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)精品課件語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示的是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。漢語(yǔ)中常用“被，給 ，由，受”等詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)中則用“be +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”來(lái)表示

45、。 Example:We clean the classroom every day.我們每天都打掃教室。The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.教室每天都被(我們)打掃。1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念 Presentation2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是泛指或者不言自明時(shí)。 None of the books was taken away.沒(méi)有一本書被拿走。在不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)。The toy is designed for children.這款玩具是為孩子們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。My bike was repaired.我的自行車

46、修好了。出于委婉或禮貌而避談動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中, 如果我們需要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者, 可以由by引出。 Mr Wu is liked by all of his students.所有的學(xué)生都喜歡吳老師。The problem was talked about just now.這個(gè)問(wèn)題剛才被討論過(guò)。3.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are +過(guò)去分詞+其他.Example：English is taught by him. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are +not+過(guò)去分詞+其他.Example：English isnt taught by him.一般疑

47、問(wèn)句：Am/Is/Are + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞+其他？Example: Is English taught by him? 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞am/is/are+ 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞+其他？ Example: Who is taught English by him? 4.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+過(guò)去分詞+其他.Example： The bridge was built in 1999.否定句：主語(yǔ)+ was/were+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他.Example： The bridge wasnt built in 1999. 一般疑問(wèn)句：Was/Were +

48、主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞+其他？Example: Was the bridge built in 1999?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞was/were+ 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞+其他？ Example: When was the bridge built?主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)第一步：主賓互換。第二步：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癰e+過(guò)去分詞”，并通過(guò)be的變化來(lái)表達(dá)出不同的時(shí)態(tài)。第三步： “be+過(guò)去分詞” + by +原主語(yǔ)。（有時(shí)by+原主語(yǔ)可?。┑谒牟剑簳r(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等保持一致。主主變變被被四四步步曲曲被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變化步驟賓變主,主變賓,前加by動(dòng)變被,看清be, 結(jié)構(gòu)分別be+pp.by many students. M

49、any students study English.English is studied主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+雙賓語(yǔ)的句式轉(zhuǎn)換主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)He謂語(yǔ)(主動(dòng)式)passed間賓me直賓a book.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)原直賓A book謂語(yǔ)(被動(dòng)式)was passedtomeby原主語(yǔ)(改為賓格)him.原間賓(改為主格)I謂語(yǔ)(被動(dòng)式)was passed原直賓a bookby原主語(yǔ)(改為賓格)him.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊用法1.有些動(dòng)詞, 其主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式含有被動(dòng)意義，如：系動(dòng)詞smell, taste, sound, feel 等，還有一些不及物動(dòng)詞, 常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 和well, easily等副詞連用, 含有被動(dòng)

50、意義。如： read, write, draw, sell, wash, cook, clean等。 The books sell well. 這些書很暢銷。The dish smells good. 這道菜聞起來(lái)很香。2. 在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句式中, 動(dòng)詞不定式的to常省去, 但是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要加上to。如：The teacher made him retell the story. He was made to retell the story by the teacher. 一：英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)一：英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)We speak English.Englis

51、h is spoken by us.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) Tom broke the window. Tom broke the windows. He broke the windows. The window was broken by Tom. The windows were broken by Tom. The windows were broken by him. 主變被解題步驟主變被解題步驟:1. 找賓語(yǔ)找賓語(yǔ) -即動(dòng)作的承受者即動(dòng)作的承受者2. 判斷賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)判斷賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù) -即即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù).3. 判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) -即即be動(dòng)詞的

52、時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).4. 修改謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)修改謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài) -即原句動(dòng)詞改為即原句動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞5. 修改原句的主語(yǔ)修改原句的主語(yǔ) -即即by+ 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)/ 賓格賓格. 即：賓變主即：賓變主,主變賓主變賓,前加前加by 主變被主變被,看清看清be, 結(jié)構(gòu)是：結(jié)構(gòu)是：be+ p.p be 隨人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。隨人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。時(shí)態(tài)名稱時(shí)態(tài)名稱被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)was/were + Vp.p. 1) will/shall + be + Vp.p.2) am/is/are + going to + be + Vp.p. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)was/wer

53、e + being + Vp.p. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)1)would / should + be + Vp.p. 2)was/were+going to+be+Vp.p.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞am/is/are + Vp.p.一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)am/is/are + being + Vp.p. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has + been + Vp.p. had + been + Vp.p.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)must/can/may/ should. + be+Vp.p. (1) make sb. do sth. sb. be made t

54、o do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.make let have (使役動(dòng)詞）使役動(dòng)詞）hear see notice watch (感官動(dòng)詞）感官動(dòng)詞）(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.see / he

55、ar / watch /.(3).Bob sent Kate a letter last year.Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year. tell bring write give pass lendtoEg: He told Jim a story.(4).Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy drawfor

56、Eg:I bought my brother a book.注意注意: :千萬(wàn)不要遺漏介詞或副詞千萬(wàn)不要遺漏介詞或副詞。1.約翰打開了收音機(jī)。約翰打開了收音機(jī)。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.2.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。 Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.3.3.我們必

57、須有禮貌的對(duì)老人講話。我們必須有禮貌的對(duì)老人講話。It was said that he would come back soon.類似的還有：類似的還有：It is reported that .It is believed that .It is hoped that .It is well-known that .1). 不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 如如:belong to, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive等。等。 Great changes have t

58、aken place in this city. That bike doesnt belong to Mike. 2).2).連系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)連系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)1.1.這魚味道很好。這魚味道很好。2.2.這條圍巾摸上去很軟。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。 The fish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.3).3).反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí), ,不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！菊縔ou must look after yourself 【誤誤】Yourself must be looked after 4).4).某些動(dòng)

59、詞形式是主動(dòng)，但含有被動(dòng)的意義。某些動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng)，但含有被動(dòng)的意義。1.這書很好賣。這書很好賣。2.這種布很好洗。這種布很好洗。The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.3. .這塊表需要修理一下。這塊表需要修理一下。The watch needs mending .=The watch needs to be mended. (sth) need want require sell write wash等詞表示事物的自然屬性等詞表示事物的自然屬性5) 5) 表示靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)ha

60、ve / fitI have a TV set.The coat fits me well.【正正】Look at the blackboard，please 【誤誤】The blackboard is looked at by you 6)6)祈使句一般沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。祈使句一般沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1)1)不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4)4)祈使句一般沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。祈使句一般沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2) 2)系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)態(tài)3)3)反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí), ,不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5)5)某些動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng)，但含有被動(dòng)的