讀書報(bào)告3_黑麥草對不同施肥歷史的土壤中新鮮與殘余的磷的吸收ppt課件

1、Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization histories黑麥草從不同施肥歷史的土壤中吸收新穎和剩余的磷2019210198陳巧Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization histories 摘要摘要 關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞 引言引言 資料和方法資料和方法 結(jié)果結(jié)果 討論討論 結(jié)論結(jié)論 參考文獻(xiàn)參考文獻(xiàn)Plant Soil (2019)

2、334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6一、摘要 動物糞便作為磷源、全球動物糞便循環(huán)利用在有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)上變得越來越重要。 經(jīng)過盆栽實(shí)驗(yàn)，運(yùn)用放射性磷標(biāo)志技術(shù)研討了黑麥草在供應(yīng)動物糞便或可溶性礦物肥料的土壤上對磷吸收運(yùn)用。 Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6一、摘要 在不同磷素情況和微生物活動的土

3、壤上。標(biāo)志土在不同磷素情況和微生物活動的土壤上。標(biāo)志土壤速效磷可以評價(jià)不同施肥歷史殘留在土壤上的壤速效磷可以評價(jià)不同施肥歷史殘留在土壤上的磷含量。磷含量。 每個(gè)土樣，收獲四次黑麥草后新穎磷的回收低于每個(gè)土樣，收獲四次黑麥草后新穎磷的回收低于礦物礦物P P的回收，其中，糞便磷介于的回收，其中，糞便磷介于24%-35%24%-35%和礦物和礦物磷介于磷介于37%-43%37%-43%之間。之間。 Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlan

4、t Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6一、摘要 新穎糞肥中磷的回收受土壤有效磷含新穎糞肥中磷的回收受土壤有效磷含量的影響。量的影響。 對于評價(jià)植物吸收的糞便磷，間接同對于評價(jià)植物吸收的糞便磷，間接同位素稀釋技術(shù)是有用的，但必需思索位素稀釋技術(shù)是有用的，但必需思索到磷的相互作用，例如，有機(jī)物對磷到磷的相互作用，例如，有機(jī)物對磷的吸收的影響。的吸收的影響。Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization hi

5、storiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6二、關(guān)鍵詞Phosphorus Animal manure Residualphosphorus Isotope techniques Phosphorus uptake Organic and conventional farming Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:

6、391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6磷、磷、動物糞便、動物糞便、剩余的磷、剩余的磷、同位素技術(shù)、同位素技術(shù)、磷的吸收、磷的吸收、有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)與常規(guī)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)與常規(guī)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)三、引言 利用磷的同位素示蹤技術(shù)，研討了長期施用利用磷的同位素示蹤技術(shù)，研討了長期施用有機(jī)肥與常規(guī)種植對黑麥草吸收新穎施用的有機(jī)肥與常規(guī)種植對黑麥草吸收新穎施用的動物糞便、水溶性無機(jī)磷肥及殘留磷的影響。動物糞便、水溶性無機(jī)磷肥及殘留磷的影響。 假設(shè)假設(shè)i i：黑麥草在土壤上從有機(jī)質(zhì)中吸收新：黑麥草在土壤上從有機(jī)質(zhì)中吸收新穎施用的糞便中的磷比傳統(tǒng)種植系統(tǒng)中更高穎施用的糞便中的磷比傳統(tǒng)種植系統(tǒng)中更高 假設(shè)

7、假設(shè)iiii：降低吸收新穎施用的糞肥磷而不是：降低吸收新穎施用的糞肥磷而不是用礦物磷來補(bǔ)償在施糞肥的土壤上吸收的殘用礦物磷來補(bǔ)償在施糞肥的土壤上吸收的殘留磷。留磷。Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6三、引言 對生長的意大利黑麥草在不同種植制度的土對生長的意大利黑麥草在不同種植制度的土壤上進(jìn)展田間實(shí)驗(yàn)。壤上進(jìn)展田間實(shí)驗(yàn)。 比較了

8、收獲四次的黑麥草從動物糞便中及從比較了收獲四次的黑麥草從動物糞便中及從礦物肥料中吸收磷。礦物肥料中吸收磷。 確定了黑麥草吸收的殘留磷及在不同施肥歷確定了黑麥草吸收的殘留磷及在不同施肥歷史的土壤上的生長實(shí)驗(yàn)。史的土壤上的生長實(shí)驗(yàn)。Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6四、四、Material and methods 資料與方法資料與

9、方法 Cropping systems and soils Plant growth experiment and plant analyses Soil incubation experiment and soil analyses Calculation of P uptake by ryegrass from different sources Uptake of P from fresh fertilizer Uptake of residual P P derived from the seeds and from the soil Statistical analysisFresh

10、 and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.1 Cropping systems and soils 種植系統(tǒng)和土壤種植系統(tǒng)和土壤 土壤樣品取自于爾韋爾附近的巴塞爾瑞士長期土壤樣品取自于爾韋爾附近的巴塞爾瑞士長期定位實(shí)驗(yàn)場，是一個(gè)典型肥沃的淤泥土壤農(nóng)業(yè)部定位實(shí)驗(yàn)場，是一個(gè)典型肥沃的淤泥土壤農(nóng)業(yè)部20192019 表土層包含表土層包含12%12

11、%沙，淤泥沙，淤泥72%72%，粘土，粘土16%(Leifeld et 16%(Leifeld et al. 2021).al. 2021). 做個(gè)五處置，四個(gè)反復(fù)：做個(gè)五處置，四個(gè)反復(fù)： 處置一：處置一：bio-dynamic(BIODYN) bio-dynamic(BIODYN) 處置二：處置二：bio-organic (BIOORG)bio-organic (BIOORG) 處置三：處置三：conventional with manureconventional with manureCONFYMCONFYM 處置四：處置四：conventional exclusively minera

12、l conventional exclusively mineral CONMINCONMIN 處置五：處置五：non-fertilized control non-fertilized control NOFERTNOFERT 采用七年制輪作采用七年制輪作split-split-plotsplit-split-plot拉丁方設(shè)計(jì)。拉丁方設(shè)計(jì)。Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DO

13、I10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.2 Plant growth experiment and plant analyses 植物生長實(shí)驗(yàn)和植株分析植物生長實(shí)驗(yàn)和植株分析 土壤設(shè)的四個(gè)反復(fù)做一樣處置，土壤設(shè)的四個(gè)反復(fù)做一樣處置，44%的持水才干的持水才干235g水水kg1土壤干物土壤干物質(zhì)，質(zhì)，20、80-85%大氣濕度。大氣濕度。 土壤設(shè)三個(gè)處置，在每個(gè)土樣上隨機(jī)土壤設(shè)三個(gè)處置，在每個(gè)土樣上隨機(jī)施用。施用。 處置一：不施用磷肥空白處置一：不施用磷肥空白 處置二：動物糞便中磷牛糞處置二：動物糞便中磷牛糞 處置三：水溶性無機(jī)磷磷酸氫二銨處置三：水溶性無機(jī)磷磷酸氫二銨Fresh

14、 and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.2 Plant growth experiment and plant analyses 植物生長實(shí)驗(yàn)和植株分析植物生長實(shí)驗(yàn)和植株分析 黑麥草修剪時(shí)間為：播種后黑麥草修剪時(shí)間為：播種后1717天，天，3131天，天，4545天和天和5959天，收獲距地面天，收獲距地面2 2厘米以上。厘米以上。 在第

15、一，二和第三次收獲后，氮、鉀、鈣、鎂施在第一，二和第三次收獲后，氮、鉀、鈣、鎂施用率為用率為: :mg/kgmg/kg110110、9090、2020、5 5。 每次收割后，稱量干物質(zhì)產(chǎn)量，用每次收割后，稱量干物質(zhì)產(chǎn)量，用SASA分析植物的分析植物的礦質(zhì)營養(yǎng)。礦質(zhì)營養(yǎng)。 400400毫毫mgmg的切碎在的切碎在550550灰化灰化4h4h，灰化物溶解在，灰化物溶解在2ml2ml的的20%20%鹽酸。加熱，過濾和稀釋至鹽酸。加熱，過濾和稀釋至50ml50ml。全磷測定。全磷測定方法，總氮含量分析運(yùn)用卡勞爾巴閃光熄滅碳氮方法，總氮含量分析運(yùn)用卡勞爾巴閃光熄滅碳氮分析法。分析法。Fresh and

16、residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.3 Soil incubation experiment and soil analyses 土培實(shí)驗(yàn)和土壤分析土培實(shí)驗(yàn)和土壤分析 分析土壤中磷、PH、水溶性磷情況： 水土比為10 : 1懸浮動搖16小時(shí)fardeau1993。 微生物磷測定運(yùn)用熏蒸提取法(Oehl et al. 2019)。 全磷，無機(jī)和有

17、機(jī)土壤中磷含量確實(shí)定用點(diǎn)火方法(Saunders and Williams 1955)。有機(jī)磷和無機(jī)磷用0.5mol/L的硫酸從非點(diǎn)燃樣品中萃取。Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.4 Calculation of P uptake by ryegrass from different sources 計(jì)算黑麥草吸收的不同來

18、源的磷計(jì)算黑麥草吸收的不同來源的磷黑麥草的磷來源：i) 植物生長實(shí)驗(yàn)初期供應(yīng)的新穎磷肥 (礦物磷或糞便磷) ；ii) 剩余磷 (不同施肥土壤上未耗竭的有效磷和施肥土壤上剩余的磷)iii) 土壤樣品原來含有的磷.Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.5 Uptake of P from fresh fertilizer 重新穎肥

19、料中吸收重新穎肥料中吸收磷磷 Pdff%=100 (SAplmineralP33)/(SAmineralP33 )With:SAplmineralP33: SA of P in plants grown with freshly applied 33P labeled diammonium phosphate (kBq mg1 P)SAmineralP33 SA of applied fresh diammonium phosphate (kBq mg1 P)Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with dif

20、ferent fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.5 Uptake of P from fresh fertilizer 重新穎肥料中吸收重新穎肥料中吸收磷磷 The amount of fresh fertilizer taken up by the plants (Pdff, mg kg1 soil) is: Pdff =Pdff% Pupt/100 (2) With:Pupt P taken up by the plants (mg kg1 soil) The fr

21、action (%) of P in the plant: Pdff% =100(1-SApl+PSA plzeroP) (3) WithSApl+P SA in plants grown with fresh fertilizer (kBq mg1 P)SAplzeroP SA in plants grown on the same soil without fresh fertilizer (kBq mg1 P)Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization h

22、istoriesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.5 Uptake of P from fresh fertilizer 重新穎肥料中吸收重新穎肥料中吸收磷磷 The recovery of fresh fertilizer P in plants (RecPff%, in %) is: RecPff% =100PdffF (4) With: F amount of freshly applied P fertilizer (30 mg P kg1 soil for mineral P33, mineral P a

23、nd manure P, respectively).Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.6 Uptake of residual P 剩余磷的吸收剩余磷的吸收 labeling soil available P with carrier-free 33P-orthophosphate Pdrf% =100(1-SAplFE

24、RTzeroPSAplNOFERTzeroP (5) With Pdrf% fraction (%) of P in plant derived from residual P SAplFERTzeroP SA in plants grown in FERT soils containing residual P but no fresh P fertilizer (kBq mg1 P) SAplNOFERTzeroP SA in plants grown on NOFERT soil containing no residual P and no fresh P fertilizer (kB

25、q mg1 P)Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.6 Uptake of residual P 剩余磷的吸收剩余磷的吸收Pdrf% =100(1-SAplFERTfPSAplNOFERTfP ) (6)With:SAplFERTfP SA in plants grown in FERT soilscontaining re

26、sidual P and fresh P fertilizer (kBq mg1 P)SAplNOFERTfP SA in plants grown on NOFERT soil containing no residual P but fresh fertilizer (kBq mg1 P)Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6

27、4.6 Uptake of residual P 剩余磷的吸收剩余磷的吸收 The amount of residual P (Pdrf, mg kg1 soil) taken up by the plants is: Pdrf =Pdrf%Pupt100 (7) The recovery of residual P (RecPrf%) in plants is: RecPrf% =100Pdrf(PtotFERTPtotNOFERTT) (8) With: PtotFERT total P content in soil FERT (mg P kg1 soil) PtotNOFERT tot

28、al P content in soil NOFERT(mg Pkg1 soil).Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.7 P derived from the seeds and from the soil 磷來源于種子和土壤磷來源于種子和土壤 Phosphorus derived from the soil (Pdfs)

29、 can be calculated by: Pdfs(mg kg-1 soil )=Pupt -Pdff Pdrf- Pdfseed (9)Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.8 Statistical analysis 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析統(tǒng)計(jì)分析 Statistical analyses were carried out usin

30、g the GLM procedure of the statistical analysis package SYSTAT 11 (Systat Software Inc., USA). Two-way analyses of variance were run to test the significance of the effects of soils, fertilizer treatments and their interactions. Percentage data was transformed using arcsin-transformation before anal

31、ysis of variance.Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6五、結(jié)果 P status of non-amended and amended soils 修訂和修正的土壤磷情況 Dry matter production and P uptake by ryegrass 干物質(zhì)的消費(fèi)和黑麥草吸收的磷 P uptake

32、from fresh fertilizers and residual P 重新穎的肥料和殘留磷中吸收磷Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6六、討論 Relation between ryegrass productivity, total P uptake and N nutrition Uptake of freshly a

33、pplied P fertilizers Uptake of residual P Methodological considerations Indirect method to determine uptake from residual PFresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6六、討論Fresh and residual p

34、hosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6六、討論Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6Table 2 Se

35、lected characteristics and P status of the soils (average and standard error)六、討論Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6六、討論Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils wi

36、th different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6Fig. 1 a, b Soil P status of amended soils: water extractable P and microbial P extractable in water after chloroform fumigation (average and standard error). 六、討論Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegra

37、ss from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6Fig. 1 a, b Soil P status of amended soils: water extractable P and microbial P extractable in water after chloroform fumigation (average and standard error). 六、討論Fresh and residual phosphorus

38、uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6Fig. 2 Total shoot dry matter production for four harvests of Italian ryegrass growing on soils from different cropping systemssubjected to various fresh P fertilizer treatments

39、 (average and standard error). 六、討論Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6Fig. 3 Distribution of total P taken up by four harvests of Italian ryegrass among P derived from soil, from res

40、idual P and from fresh fertilizer as affected by soils originating from different cropping systems and by fresh P fertilizer treatment (0P: zero P; manP = manure P; minP = water soluble mineral P; minP33 = 33P labeled water soluble mineral P; average and standard error). 六、討論Fresh and residual phosp

41、horus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6Fig. 4 Cumulative shoot dry matter yield, total P uptake, P uptake from fresh fertilizer (manure or mineral P) and P uptake from residual P over the entire growth experime

42、nt, for the zero P (filled dot), manure P (empty dot) and mineral P (filled triangle) treatment applied to the BIODYN (left) and CONFYM soils (right)六、討論Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-

43、0390-6六、討論Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6六、討論Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6六、討論Fresh and residual