初中英語總復(fù)習(xí)專題(主謂一致)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語總復(fù)習(xí)專題（主謂一致）主謂一致是指一個(gè)句子的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致關(guān)系。主謂一致要遵循三條原則：語法一致、意義一致、就近一致。一、復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)：1語法一致的原則：語法一致的原則就是指主語和謂語動(dòng)詞保持語法形式上的一致，即主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：His father works for a computer company. 他的父親在一家電腦公司工作。Reading in

2、 the sun is bad for your eyes.  在陽光下看書對(duì)眼睛有害。What he said is very important for us all.  他所說的話對(duì)我們大家都很重要。 由連詞and或both and連接的并列主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。例如：New York and Boston are American cities.  紐約和波士頓是美國(guó)城市。Both she and her sister like drawing pictures.  她和她的姐姐都喜歡畫畫 由“a and a half, more t

3、han one 名詞” “one and a half + 名詞”, 等作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)構(gòu)成的主語，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：A month and a half has passed since I saw him. 自從我見到他，已經(jīng)過去一個(gè)半月了。More than one pers

4、on here is going to find a new job.  這里不止一人準(zhǔn)備找新工作。 主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as等引起的短語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；如果主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Mr Green, together with his wife, has come to China. The students as well as their teacher were playing a game on the playground. 

5、No one except the teachers knows the answer.  除了老師沒有人知道答案。She, like you and Tom, is very tall.  她跟你和湯姆一樣個(gè)子都很高。 主語為表示兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞（如：glasses, jeans, pants, scissors, trousers等）時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果它們前面用了a pair of，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：My blue trousers have worn out.  我的藍(lán)褲子已經(jīng)穿破了。This pair of s

6、cissors is China-made.  這把剪刀是中國(guó)制造的。Here are some new pairs of shoes.  這里有幾雙新鞋。 主語為“the number of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為“a number of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：The number of cars is increasing.  汽車的數(shù)目正在增長(zhǎng)。There were a number of people out this afternoon.  今天下午有很多人外出。A great number of migra

7、nt workers have entered the city.  大批的民工涌入了城市。 each或由some, any, every, no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Each of us has a new dictionary.  我們每一個(gè)人都有一本新詞典。Somebody is looking for you.  有人在找你。Everybody is doing his best.  人人都在盡力而為。Theres nothing interesting in the newspaper.  報(bào)紙上沒有什么

8、有趣的新聞。I cant find my pen has anyone seen it?  我的筆找不到了有誰看見了嗎？each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如:Each of us has something to say. 我們每個(gè)人都有話要說 either, neither用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。但是，如果后接“of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。例如：Either is acceptable.  兩者中哪一個(gè)都能接受。Neither of us was having any luck. 

9、 我們兩個(gè)都不走運(yùn)。Neither of the sisters was alive.  兩姐妹都不在人世了。 在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等用作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如： This is the man who wants to see you.  這就是想要見你的人。The girls who are coming soon are my students.  快要到來的那些女孩是我的學(xué)生 由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，主句謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。但如果表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，主句謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：What we n

10、eed now is time.  我們現(xiàn)在需要的就是時(shí)間。What he left me are only some old books.  他留給我的只是幾本舊書。2意義一致的原則：主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義卻為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義卻為單數(shù)。這時(shí)，就要采用意義一致的原則，即謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致。 由and 所連接的并列主語如果是指一個(gè)人或一種事物時(shí)，其后的謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式。例如：The writer and artist has come.  那位作家兼藝術(shù)家來了。There is a knife and fork on the tab

11、le.  餐桌上有一副刀叉。Fish and chips is a popular food.  炸魚土豆片是一種很受歡迎的食物。Five and five makes ten.  (or: make ten.)  五加五等于十。 由“each A and each B”或“every A and every B”構(gòu)成的并列主語，其后的謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。有時(shí)，可以省去第二個(gè)each或every。例如：Every hour and every minute is important.  每一小時(shí)和每一分鐘都是寶貴的。Each man and

12、(each) woman is asked to help.  每一個(gè)男女都被要求給予幫助。 表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式用作主語時(shí)，通常作為整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：Three days is too long for us to wait.  要我們等三天，時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)了。A hundred miles is a long distance.  一百英里是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。Ten thousand dollars is cheap enough for that house.  一萬美金買那所房子是夠便宜的。 有些形式為單數(shù)、意

13、義為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞（如：people, police, staff等）用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：There were many people at the meeting.  許多人參加了會(huì)議。The police have caught the thief.  警方抓住了那個(gè)盜賊。 集體名詞（如：class, family, group, team, crowd等）用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于集體名詞的意義。當(dāng)集體名詞指整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)集體名詞指其中的個(gè)體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：The class is the best one in the

14、 grade.  這個(gè)班級(jí)是年級(jí)中最好的班級(jí)。Almost every family there owns a motorcar.  那里幾乎每家都擁有一輛摩托車。   Before the match our team was expected to be the best one.  比賽前，我們球隊(duì)被認(rèn)為是最好的。   The team are driving to the game in their own cars.  全隊(duì)人開著自己的車去比賽。 none用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式；作為單數(shù)看待時(shí)，

15、謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：None of the suggestions was accepted. None of the children in the class are tired of his lesson. some, any, all, more, most等代詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要與它們所指代的名詞的數(shù)一致。例如：Some (of the apples) remain green.  有些蘋果還是綠的。Some (of the fish) went bad.  有些魚發(fā)臭了。All was quiet in the street.  街上一切平靜。

16、All (of the people) have gone.  所有的人都走了。（8）主語中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞.如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行車, 今天出售.60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 這個(gè)蘋果的60%都被這個(gè)小男孩吃了.Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的蘋果都是爛的.Most of the apple was eaten

17、by a rat. 這個(gè)蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了.3就近一致的原則：就近一致的原則就是指謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與并列主語中最靠近它的那個(gè)主語保持一致。 There be 句型和Here be中的be的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于其后的主語，如果其后是由and連接的并列主語，則應(yīng)與最靠近的那個(gè)主語保持一致。例如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.  房間里有一張餐桌和四把椅子。Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.  這里有一支筆、幾個(gè)信封和一些紙給你。 當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由 or,

18、 either or, neither nor, not only but also, whether or連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞和最靠近的主語保持一致。例如：No food or water is allowed to take with.  不準(zhǔn)帶食物和水。Either a telephone or a fax machine is needed in my office. Neither you nor he knows how to answer the question. 你和他都不知道如何回答這個(gè)問題。Not only the students but also their t

19、eacher likes the film.  二、例題分析:1.How many students are there in your school? -_ the students in our school _ over two thousand. 選擇填空                            

20、             A. The number of, is          B. The number of, are    C. A number, is              D. A number of, ar

21、e分析:本題問“有多少學(xué)生”實(shí)際是問“學(xué)生的數(shù)量”，應(yīng)該用the number of來回答; 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(答案A)2.More than one man _ been sent to the place since 1979.選擇填空      A. has        B. have      C. had          

22、; D. is分析:“more than one 單數(shù)名詞”做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。(答案A)3. Whether he comes or not _ nothing to do with me. 選擇填空      A. are         B. is           C. has       

23、;      D. have分析:“Whether he comes or not”是主語從句，主句謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(答案C)4. Sheep is kept for their wool and mutton. 改錯(cuò)           分析:Sheep是單復(fù)數(shù)同形，句中有their一詞，可知本句中的Sheep應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(答案is改為are)5. All is satisfied with what he said.

24、 (改錯(cuò))          分析:本句中的All意為“所有人（= All of the people）”，是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(答案is改為are)三、鞏固練習(xí)。I. .用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Two thousand miles _ (be) too far for us to travel over a short vacation.2. The old in my country _ (be) cared for by their children and grandchild

25、ren.3. There _ (be) a pair of trousers on the sofa.4. Ten divided by two _ (equal) five.5. The Chinese people _ (be) a great people.6. Nobody but Tim and Tom _ (be) in the room.7. Li Fang like many girls _ (like) dancing.8. Every boy and every girl _ (want) to go there.9. Three-fourths of the surfac

26、e of the earth _ (be) sea.10. All of the work _ (be) finished.II.選擇填空。1. The rich _ not always happy.A. are           B. is            C. has         

27、  D. have2. The old woman, together with her two grandsons, _ crossing the road.A. are             B. is           C. has          

28、0;   D. have3. This pair of trousers _ Lucys. Your trousers _ on your bed.A. is, are         B. is, is          C. are, are         D. are, is 4.   &#

29、160;     2.Ten kilometers _ a very long way to go in a day.A. are                B. has               C. is    

30、0;            D. have5. Climbing hills _ better than having classes.A. are            B. is            C. was    &#

31、160;     D. have6. What he wanted to know _ why they didnt tell him.A. are            B. was          C. were          D .is7. Either y

32、ou or he _ to stay at home this afternoon.A. has        B. have         C. are               D. is8. Neither of the twins _ bread.A. like   

33、       B. likes          C. liked             D. is like9. Fish and chips _ my favorite food.A. is            

34、B. are            C. has            D. become10. The singer and dancer _ come to our city.A. are           B. is    

35、0;        C. have             D. has11. Three-fourths of the water _ gone.A. is         B. are          C. have 

36、60;    D. were12. Everybody, men and women, young and old, _ listening to the radio here.A. enjoys      B. enjoy       C. is enjoyed     D. are enjoyed13. Either Tom or Maria _ sure to know the answer.A. are

37、60;         B. be         C. is           D. were14. Neither you nor he _ how to answer the question.A. know           B

38、. knows           C. knowing       D. to know15. I as well as they _ ready to help you.A. am        B. are         C. is    &

39、#160;       D.  be16. The number of the students in the class _ about forty.A. is           B. are          C. were        D .have17. E

40、very hour and every minute _ important.A. are        B. be        C. is          D. were18.Look! The Turner family _ having supper under the tree in front of their house.A. is 

41、0;       B. are        C. like          D. like19. Not only the twins but also their father _ the film.A. like        B. likes     

42、;   C. liking         D. is like20. He is one of the children who _ fond of playing football.A. is           B. was       C. were       

43、;   D. are四、應(yīng)用性訓(xùn)練。I.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Neither the teacher nor the students _ (have) enough time.2. Most of the houses _ (need) painting.3. A person who has good friends _ (enjoy) life more.4. John, together with his family, _ (be) flying to London.5. Few of my family really _ (understand) me

44、.6.One third of the students_(be) boys.7.There_(be) twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.8.Many a students _(have) this new dictionary.9.Every man, woman and child _(be) asked to contribute.10.An old man or mature(成熟) woman_(be) needed for this job.II. 選擇填空。1.  There

45、_a lot of people at the street corner when the accident happened.A.      Was   B. were    C. have been   D. had2.  Neither she nor Dick and I _interested in maths.A.      Is     &#

46、160; B. are       C. am     D. be 3.  Fish and chips _the most popular take-away food in England.A.      Are      B. is      C. were     

47、60;   D. was4.  How many students are there in your school ?-_the students in our school _over two thousand.A.      The number of; of       B.The number of ; areC.A number of ; of       

48、0;   D. A number of ;are 5. All my classmates, except Wu Lin,_ interested in singing English songs.A.      Is      B. am      C.are       D.be6.  Neither he nor I _from C

49、anada. We awe from Australia.A.      Is      B. was     C.am     D.be7.  The teacher told us yesterday that December 25_Chritmas Day.A.      is     B. was&

50、#160;   C.has been     D.will be8.  He thinks that two moths _quite a long time.A.      is    B.are     C. be   D. was9.   There _a sports meeting in our school next week.  A.will

51、hold   B. will have   C. is going to be   D. is going to hold10.  Are the twins on thee team-No, neither of them_on the team.   A.is   B. Are    C. were   D.be11.  Im going to do some shopping this Sunday.-So_.A.

52、60;     do   B. will    C. am I   D.I am12.   What_ the popular of Canada? Do you think it will_?A.      is; become  B. are; become  C. are; grow  D. is; grow13.   This pair of trousers_.A.