七省名校名師高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題--定語(yǔ)從句

1、定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句考綱解讀考綱解讀 定語(yǔ)從句是歷年高考試題的考查熱點(diǎn)之一,主要出現(xiàn)在“單項(xiàng)填空” “完形填空”等題型中 其考點(diǎn)相對(duì)集中地考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用 定語(yǔ)從句中主謂語(yǔ)的一致關(guān)系以及“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”等;預(yù)計(jì)今后高考英語(yǔ)命題中定語(yǔ)從句將會(huì)側(cè)重考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(特別是關(guān)系代詞which與as的選用);“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞(which, whom等)”;定語(yǔ)從句與相似句式的用法區(qū)別等返回目錄定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)1.定語(yǔ)從句：定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修

2、飾的先行詞之后。飾的先行詞之后。2.先行詞：先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。 That is the teacher who teaches us English.Those who want to go to the park are girls._（名詞）（名詞）_（代詞）（代詞）3.關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系詞： 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.Football is a game which is liked by most boys.I stil

3、l remember the day when I first came to this school.He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用：關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用：A.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句； B.代替先行詞代替先行詞； C.在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.1). a. The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the

4、time. b. The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable.2). a. Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris. b. Ill remember the day_we stayed together at that time.why(which/that)when(which/that)關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別返回目錄3). a. Is this the factory_ we visited last year? b. Is this the house _Li

5、ncoln once lived? c. Is this house _ we visited last year?(which/that)where解題點(diǎn)撥解題點(diǎn)撥:看引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分；看引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分；若是作若是作狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ), 就用就用where, when, why等等關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞；若是作若是作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，則用，則用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞that, which, whom, whose等。等。the one返回目錄考點(diǎn)詮釋考點(diǎn)詮釋 【實(shí)戰(zhàn)點(diǎn)評(píng)】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填【實(shí)戰(zhàn)點(diǎn)評(píng)】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空：空： This is th

6、e factory _ he visited last year. This is the factory _ he worked last year. This is the factory_ he worked in last year. This is the factory in _ he worked last year. This is the very factory _ he visited last year. 返回目錄指代人指代人 指代事物指代事物 所屬關(guān)系所屬關(guān)系 指地點(diǎn)指地點(diǎn) 指時(shí)間指時(shí)間 指原因指原因 who, whom, that, aswhich, that, a

7、swhosewherewhenwhy關(guān)關(guān)系系代代詞詞關(guān)關(guān)系系副副詞詞歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)先分析定語(yǔ)從句中缺少什么成分先分析定語(yǔ)從句中缺少什么成分考點(diǎn)一、考點(diǎn)一、where 的用法的用法1.如果定語(yǔ)從句分別修飾如果定語(yǔ)從句分別修飾point, situation, part, condition和和case等表示抽象意義的詞，常用等表示抽象意義的詞，常用where 或或in which引導(dǎo)，意思是引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某到了某種地步，在某種境況中種境況中” 。eg. 我已經(jīng)到了無(wú)法容忍他的地步了。我已經(jīng)到了無(wú)法容忍他的地步了。Ive come to the point where I can

8、t stand him國(guó)家正處在隨時(shí)有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的局勢(shì)中。國(guó)家正處在隨時(shí)有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的局勢(shì)中。The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山東）山東） A. which B. that C. where D. when2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres

9、 one point _ we must insist on . （06江西）江西） A. why B. where C. how D. /做題要靈活：要分析句子成分，選擇做題要靈活：要分析句子成分，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。 考點(diǎn)二、考點(diǎn)二、when 的用法的用法1. It was October_we met in Shanghai for the first time.2. It was in October_we met in Shanghai for the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. whileCA 注注:3.I will

10、never forget the days _ I spent with your family.(that/which)考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)三三：介詞：介詞+關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking?2. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.3. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.to whomwith whichon which4. I recognized the boss _company my si

11、ster was working. in whose解題方法解題方法:介詞的確定介詞的確定:根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配 ;根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣;根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系關(guān)系.考點(diǎn)四：考點(diǎn)四：as的用法的用法asthatwhich1. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.2. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.asthat 當(dāng)主句中出現(xiàn)當(dāng)主句中出現(xiàn)such 或或so 時(shí)時(shí),看后面從句是否看后面從句是否缺主語(yǔ)或

12、賓語(yǔ)缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ):(1)缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),從句前用從句前用as, 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(2)不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),從句前用從句前用that,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句句考點(diǎn)四：考點(diǎn)四：as的用法的用法3. _ is known to all, he is the best student.4. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. Aswhich模擬訓(xùn)練模擬訓(xùn)練 ：1. He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_. A.

13、as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him2. Mrs. Black took the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery. A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same ; that D. as the same; as wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book. where定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句th

14、at強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句型綜合考查一：定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句綜合考查一：定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五.綜合考查綜合考查 近年來(lái)，高考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句和其它從句如：強(qiáng)調(diào)句近年來(lái)，高考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句和其它從句如：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等的綜合考查越來(lái)越多，這就要名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等的綜合考查越來(lái)越多，這就要求考生有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和較強(qiáng)的綜合分析能力。求考生有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和較強(qiáng)的綜合分析能力。友情提示友情提示綜

15、合考查二：定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句綜合考查二：定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句1. We all have heard the news_ our team won.2. We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.that that/which/綜合考查三：定語(yǔ)從句與綜合考查三：定語(yǔ)從句與表表語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)從句 The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江蘇）江蘇） A. which; wher

16、e B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which that/which定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:在定語(yǔ)從句在定語(yǔ)從句中中,that 要擔(dān)任成分要擔(dān)任成分;when, where, why 前有其含前有其含義相當(dāng)?shù)南刃性~義相當(dāng)?shù)南刃性~.而在同位語(yǔ)從句中而在同位語(yǔ)從句中,that 不擔(dān)任不擔(dān)任成分成分,只起連接的作用只起連接的作用,不用翻譯不用翻譯; when, where, why 前沒(méi)有其含義相當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)前沒(méi)有其含義相當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ).區(qū)別區(qū)別方法方法（2）定語(yǔ)從句與表語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別）定語(yǔ)從句與表語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:

17、在表語(yǔ)從在表語(yǔ)從句中句中,從句只充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的成分從句只充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的成分,常位于系動(dòng)詞常位于系動(dòng)詞后面后面.而定語(yǔ)從句前一定有先行詞而定語(yǔ)從句前一定有先行詞.定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別:在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,去掉去掉it is/was 和和 that/who 句子仍然成立句子仍然成立,但定但定語(yǔ)從句不可語(yǔ)從句不可（4）定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別）定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:定語(yǔ)從句前定語(yǔ)從句前一定有先行詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)一定有先行詞來(lái)引導(dǎo),而狀語(yǔ)從句沒(méi)有先行詞而狀語(yǔ)從句沒(méi)有先行詞,它所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句只在句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的成分它所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句只在句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的成分.This is the p

18、lace where I was born.This is the place where I was born.I grow up where I was born.I grow up where I was born.綜合考查四綜合考查四:主謂一致主謂一致關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致.注意注意: “one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后的定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用后的定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù),而而“the (only/very) one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后的定后的定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用語(yǔ)從

19、句謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)單數(shù).eg. I, who am your friend ,will do my best to help you.Tom is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.返回目錄高考鏈接高考鏈接 （2008，福建，福建，31）By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B. on which C. fro

20、m which D. above which 【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的介詞【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的介詞which的用法，原句可還原成的用法，原句可還原成a rare rainbow appeared above 。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)我們已經(jīng)知道了考查的大方。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)我們已經(jīng)知道了考查的大方向向, 就是需要我們找到合適的介詞搭配。就是需要我們找到合適的介詞搭配。返回目錄高考鏈接高考鏈接(09四川卷四川卷)20. Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.

21、 A. that B. which C. where D. when 【答案【答案】D 【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法。【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法。her stay為先行詞為先行詞，可以理解為抽象的一段時(shí)間（她呆在那里期，可以理解為抽象的一段時(shí)間（她呆在那里期間），間），when指代指代her stay在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。 返回目錄高考鏈接高考鏈接（2008, 浙浙, 8）Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago. A. when B. where C. that D. which 【解析】本題考查的是非限

22、制性定語(yǔ)從句。題中【解析】本題考查的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。題中空格前面主句中的先行詞是空格前面主句中的先行詞是car，空格后面定語(yǔ)從，空格后面定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞bought后面缺一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，只能選用后面缺一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，只能選用關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系代詞。A項(xiàng)項(xiàng)when和和 B項(xiàng)項(xiàng)where都是關(guān)系副詞，都是關(guān)系副詞，可以予以排除，可以予以排除，C項(xiàng)項(xiàng)that不能用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從不能用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。故選句中。故選D。返回目錄高考鏈接高考鏈接（2008江蘇，江蘇，24） The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Brit

23、ain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where【解析】本題考查的重點(diǎn)是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。非限【解析】本題考查的重點(diǎn)是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞指物時(shí)，應(yīng)用制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞指物時(shí)，應(yīng)用which而不用而不用that，the Science Museum 雖然是一個(gè)地點(diǎn)名詞雖然是一個(gè)地點(diǎn)名詞，但是在本句中的定語(yǔ)從句里做的是賓語(yǔ)而不是地，但是在本句中的定語(yǔ)從句里做的是賓語(yǔ)而不是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)所以不能用點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)所以不能用where,尤其注意尤其注意visit是一個(gè)及物是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞。返回目錄高考鏈接高考鏈接(09山東卷山東卷)24. Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 【答案】【答案】B【解析】句意：每次我遇見(jiàn)她（我遇見(jiàn)她是經(jīng)常【解析】句