牛津高二英語Book 5U1Grammar and usage 1

1、牛津高中英語教學(xué)設(shè)計教材：牛津高中英語(模塊五)高二上學(xué)期文檔內(nèi)容：教學(xué)設(shè)計教案單元：Unit 1 Getting along with others板塊：Grammar作 者：常州市北郊中學(xué) 王萍Thoughts on the design:本課語法教學(xué)主要使學(xué)生掌握不定式的功能和用法。本課采用語法教學(xué)與單元話題緊密結(jié)合的方式，使學(xué)生在使用英語討論朋友和友誼這一話題中，發(fā)現(xiàn)、歸納、掌握并適當(dāng)操練不定式的用法。整堂課以上一課時閱讀中的內(nèi)容為線索，給語法教學(xué)創(chuàng)設(shè)真實(shí)的語境，并通過游戲、競賽等活動，活躍課堂氛圍，使學(xué)生快樂學(xué)習(xí)語法?？傮w教學(xué)思路如下：引用Agony aunt Annie給Sarah

2、和Andrew的回信引出不定式的概念和基本構(gòu)成；學(xué)生在教師的鼓勵下，找出信中所有的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，并在老師的指導(dǎo)下，總結(jié)歸納不定式在句中的不同功能；采用游戲“傳聲筒”引出學(xué)生對不定式不同構(gòu)成的思考和總結(jié)概括；采用競賽方式鼓勵學(xué)生在探討友誼的同時適當(dāng)運(yùn)用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)并同時引出Bare infinitive的概念和規(guī)則；在最后的運(yùn)用環(huán)節(jié)，學(xué)生通過完成Sarah給Annie的感謝信，在具體的情境中，操練本課所學(xué)的不定式的用法。Teaching aims:1. Students will find out and learn the functions of To-infinitive in a sente

3、nce and its different forms by involving themselves in different activities, games and competitions;2. Students will know how to use Bare infinitive;3. Students will further learn how to get along well with friends.Teaching procedures:Step 1 lead in (PPT 4-7)Teacher reminds students of the letters t

4、hat Agony Aunt Annie wrote to Sarah and Andrew.Q: What can we learn from her letters about friendship?Students express their ideas freely. Then teacher concludes in this way:1. To talk to a friend openly and sincerely when something unpleasant happens is very important if we are to keep the friendsh

5、ip. ( to do as subject and predicative of a sentence)2. We should always remind ourselves to trust our friends whatever happens. (to do as object complement of a sentence)Students are asked to pay attention to the parts in bold, and thus To-infinitive is introduced. Explanation用上一課時的話題和材料導(dǎo)入新課，使課與課之間

6、關(guān)系緊密，一氣呵成，學(xué)生易于接受。教師巧妙總結(jié)此處討論，在總結(jié)句中運(yùn)用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)分別充當(dāng)句子的主語，表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，自然順利導(dǎo)入本課語法教學(xué)。Step 2 Different functions of To-infinitive (PPT 8-15)1. Ss are asked to study the two letters on Page 5 again, this time trying to find out more To-infinitives in the letters and tell their functions in the sentences.(1) You ha

7、ve every right to feel betrayed (as attribute)(2) she wanted to embarrass you in public, (as object)(3)It seems you need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend! (as object and adverbial respectively)(4) , one of you has to be first to admit (as object and attribute respectively)2. With t

8、he guidance of T, Ss try to conclude all the functions of To-infinitive:動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是“not to do”。動詞不定式可以單獨(dú)使用或用作動詞不定式短語的一個部分。不定式在句中可做主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語等，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。1. 作主語To read English every day is necessary. （不定式to read English every day 做主語）動詞不定式做主語時，為了句子平衡，通常用it做形式主語，而把不定式放在謂語之后。例如：It is nec

9、essary to read English every day.It is a good idea to go for a picnic today.2. 作賓語 I want to see a film. （不定式to see a film 做賓語）不定式做賓語時，若還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式放在補(bǔ)足語后，用it做形式賓語。例如：He find it difficult to learn Chinese.We think it important to master a foreign language.3. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語He invited me to give a speech o

10、n Chinese history. （不定式to give a speech on Chinese history 做賓語補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)充說明賓語me）4. 作定語I have a letter to post. (不定式to post做定語，修飾名詞letter)1)做定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。例如：She had only a small room to live in.I need a pen to write with.2) 試比較：Do you have anything to wash? 你有什么要洗嗎？（不定式to wash的動作執(zhí)行者是you）Do

11、you have anything to be washed? 你有什么要（別人）洗嗎？（不定式to wash的動作執(zhí)行者是別人，而不是you）5. 作表語His wish is to become a lawyer. (不定式to become a lawyer在連系動詞is后做表語)6. 作狀語1) 表示目的。例如：They worked hard day and night to pay back the debt.2) 表示結(jié)果。例如：I hurried to the airport only to find the plane had taken off.3) 表示原因。例如：She

12、 felt disappointed to hear the news that she hadnt been promoted.Explanation此步驟旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過有意義的篇章閱讀，自己去發(fā)現(xiàn)語法現(xiàn)象和規(guī)律，并在教師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，教師再根據(jù)學(xué)生情況和考查要求，適當(dāng)拓展知識。Step 3 Different forms of To-infinitive (PPT 17)1. Students play a game named Pass the sentences on.Teacher divides students into four groups and gi

13、ves the first student a piece of paper on which is a sentence. The student is allowed to have a quick look at the sentence and then try to pass the sentence on to the next student orally without referring back to the piece. The last student of the group should write down the sentence he/she hears on

14、 the blackboard. The group which can pass on the sentence most quickly and correctly will be the winner of the game.Sentence 1: Thanks to my friends, my life seem to be getting easier and more interesting.Sentence 2: Matthew may pretend to be making friends with Peter.Sentence 3: Personally, I feel

15、happy to have made some good friends.Sentence 4: He is said to have recovered friendship with Tom.2. Students are asked to think about why “to be doing” and “to have done “are used in the four sentences instead of “to do”.3. With the guidance of teacher, students try to draw conclusions about the fo

16、rms of To-infinitive:不定式還有進(jìn)行形式(to be doing)和完成形式(to have done)。 They seem to be reading in the library. (動詞不定式to be reading表示動作read正在發(fā)生) Im sorry to have said that. （動詞不定式to have said that表示動作say發(fā)生在過去，并且已完成)Explanation此步驟采用游戲的形式引入不定式的不同形式?；顫姷膫髀曂灿螒蚣绕鸬搅藢?dǎo)入的作用，又活躍了課堂氛圍，而且學(xué)生在游戲過程中還實(shí)踐了團(tuán)隊合作。Step 4 Practice

17、: A competition（PPT 18）Students are divided into four groups. They are asked to talk about what they have learned about friends and friendship so far in the unit. One student makes one sentence, but it should include To-infinitive and the sentence itself should make sense. If so, the student can gai

18、n one point for his/her group. The group with the highest mark is the winner.Some examples: Friends should encourage each other to face difficulties bravely. A friend is one to depend on. To find a best friend is difficult.Explanation通過小組競賽充分調(diào)動學(xué)生的積極性和參與性。同時學(xué)生在編造有關(guān)友誼方面的句子中學(xué)會正確運(yùn)用不定式。Step 5 Bare infini

19、tive（PPT 21-24）1. Teacher introduces the idea of bare infinitive by drawing a conclusion of the competition above:T: So we should trust each other to make our friendship last long. (bare infinitive)2. Brainstorming: Students are asked to think of any words or phrases which have the same use as make.

20、have sb. do let sb. do hear sb. doConclusions:(1)在feel, hear, listen to 等感官動詞后，或在let, make, have 等使役動詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶to。 但是這些句子變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，就必須帶to。例如：I often hear him sing the song.She made me promise to write every day.He is often heard to sing the song.I was made to promise to write every day.(2)would r

21、ather, had better和why not 后面，不定式不帶to。例如：I would rather stay at home.Why not come in?(3)當(dāng)兩個動詞不定式由and, or, than, rather than, as或like相連接時，通常第二個不定式要省略to。例如：Do you want to go skating or see a film?I decided to write rather than phone.(4)不定式在介詞but, except后時，若介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式，介詞后的不定式不帶to。例如：He did nothing

22、but point to the door.Explanation此步驟通過教師的巧妙導(dǎo)入和學(xué)生的“頭腦風(fēng)暴”活動，使學(xué)生了解不帶to的不定式的使用情況。通過最后的總結(jié)，使學(xué)生系統(tǒng)了解它的用法。Step 6 Consolidation (PPT 25)Students finish the Thank-you letter from Sarah to Annie by filling in the blanks.Dear Annie,I want (1)_(thank) you for your last letter. I was pleased (2) _(see) it in my ma

23、ilbox.You asked me (3)_(think) the whole matter over and (4)_(trust) my best friend. Well, after reading your letter, I asked myself why I didnt believe in Hannah. Youre right. I felt ashamed of my mark and at the same time I did feel jealous of her mark. I shouldnt have blamed her so bitterly. But back then, I was too proud. I would rather (5)_(lose) my best friend than (6)_(apologize) for blaming her.But you persuaded me (7)_ (talk) openly to her rather than (8)_(keep) silent. Yesterday, I invited her (9)_(go) to a c