英美文學(xué)期末復(fù)習(xí)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上English poetrys basic elements:Meter(格律), rhyme（韻律）, alliteration（頭韻）, stanza（詩(shī)節(jié)）iambic tetrameter 四步抑揚(yáng)格anapestic trimester 三步抑抑揚(yáng)dactylic dimeter 兩步揚(yáng)抑抑Male rhymes（陽(yáng)韻）單詞帶有單音節(jié) Female rhymes（陰韻） 帶有多音節(jié) forms of English poetry：ballad（歌謠）, sonnet（十四行詩(shī)） and blank verse（無(wú)韻詩(shī)）Italian sonne 意大利十四行

2、詩(shī) 前octave(八行) 韻律abbaabba 后sestet(六行) 韻律 cdcece or cdecde.English sonnet 也叫 Shakespearean abab cdcd efef gg1. Shakespeare 莎士比亞的 Sonnet 18（criticized religious persecution（宗教迫害），insatiable lust for money(對(duì)金錢的貪求) bourgeois egoism（利己主義），Eulogized youth, love, friendship power of human life, worldly happ

3、iness ）In this poet, Shakespeare believes that his beloved beauty is unparalleled(無(wú)雙的) and everlasting because he is represented in the poetry.在詩(shī)的couplet 處的conclusion是：So long as human beings exist in the world, people will appreciate the poets beloveds beauty described in this poem and then his bea

4、uty will be everlastingWhat does the poem reveal about beauty? All beautiful and nice things in the world will disappear, but the beauty in poetry can last forever. The poem reveals Shakespeares faith in the permanence of poetry, the lasting power of human art and the creative power of human beings.

5、2 William Wordsworth 華茲華斯的She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways屬于 ballad， narrative poem （in four-lined stanzas with iambic tetrameter抑揚(yáng)四音部 in odd numbered lines and iambic trimeter抑揚(yáng)三音部 in even numbered lines）在這首詩(shī)中，Wordsworth用metaphor暗喻的手法先to compare the young lady to a violet紫羅蘭，美得 modest and obscure

6、謙遜。接著，Wordsworth 用 simile明喻的手法把女孩的beauty比喻成star shining in the sky，soft mild and attractive“the difference to me” Even though Lucys death is unnoticed by others and makes no difference to the world, it has made a difference to her lover, who loves and values her so deeply and feels a great pain and

7、deep grief over her death.In this poem, Lucy is a simple and natural beauty derived from her modesty girl這首詩(shī)通過(guò)描述一個(gè)從敘事者的角度描述他愛(ài)人的美以及愛(ài)人的死對(duì)他造成的影響，來(lái)向讀者reveal 揭示 common and ordinary people have their own virtues and sincerity，worthy of our sympathy and concern。3. Emily Dickson 的 “Because I Could Not Stop

8、for Death”這首詩(shī)前兩節(jié)刻畫(huà)了人類既想得到永生又想繼續(xù)活下去的ambivalent矛盾的 feeling 整首詩(shī)大量的采用personification的修辭手法They passed a school, fields of gazing grain, and the setting sun. The school could represent her youth; the fields, her maturity of adulthood; the setting sun, her old age.揭示的主題：Present life is more desirable than

9、afterlife.The Road Not Taken （topic writing）his poem consists of four stanzas of five lines. The rhyme scheme is ABAAB. There are four stressed syllables each line, varying on iambic tetrameter base.Content：The speaker stands in the woods, considering a fork in the road. Both ways are equally worn a

10、nd equally overlaid with un-trodden leaves. The speaker chooses one, telling himself that he will take the other another day. Yet he knows it is unlikely that he will have the opportunity to do so. And he admits that someday in the future he will recreate the scene with a slight twist: He will claim

11、 that he took the less-traveled roadAnalysis:Easy-understanding words and structure; free and relaxed style; resonant metaphor; the choices we havent taken is the road not taken; however, the theme the poet wants to reveal is not simple. By using the symbolism and a sustained metaphor of the choice

12、between the diverging roads, the poet implies that all of us must take personal responsibility for choices and that our choices determine the course of our lives.In a Station of the Metro Ezra Pound 的作品 modernism periodThrough a juxtaposition of two images faces in a subway crowd and petals on a bou

13、gh, the poet represents that the human and the natural words reflect each other.the haiku form of Japanese; 文中的兩個(gè)意象是一種Metaphorical隱喻的 relationship。文中“apparition”一詞，connotes 不僅僅是這些人的外表看上去是lifeless, 就連精神上都散發(fā)著一種indeference的氣息。作者心情：joyous and exhilaration r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r E.E. Cummingsuse hyphens 連

14、字號(hào) parentheses 括號(hào) punctuations 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)小說(shuō)1. Emily bronte 艾米莉 勃朗特 呼嘯山莊 Wuthering Heights 勃朗特三姐妹：Charlotte， Anny 作者被稱為是“the Sphinx 人面獸身 of modern literature” topic writing 2: the difference between Kates A Pair of Silk Stockings and A Story of An Hour在凱特的文中，女性被賦予了三個(gè)地位：sexuality, as a wife; maternity, as a

15、 mother; and individuality, as a human being in universe.In these two stories, both the heroines played the role of a caring housewife and a loving mother. They were limited in domestic life and were supposed to idolize(醉心于)their children, worship their husbands and esteem it a holy privilege to eff

16、ace （漠視）themselves as individuals and grow wings as ministering angels (救星).In the first story, Mrs. Mallards the conflict is between her desire for physical and spiritual freedom and her fear of breaking the confinement of social norms or the cultural concept of gender role. She had the desire for

17、the freedom of self-assertion. After knowing the truth that her husband doesnt die, Mrs. Mallard died from heart disease. In the second story, the conflict that Mrs. Sommer faces is her responsibility to her children as opposed to her own needs for beautiful things.As a wife and mother, Mrs. Sommer

18、is tender, devoted, dutiful and caring. Her life seems to be hard, busy and poor. Before her marriage, her life seems to be better, maybe she could afford to buy finer things or go to other places to enjoy herself. She wanted to back to the past and treated herself well and acquired sense of self-at

19、tractiveness, self-enjoyment and self-worthiness. But, actually, she has to come back to earth and becomes the one that only cares for others without a sense of self-existence.dramatic ironies and situational ironies 戲劇性諷刺和情境反諷synesthesia (聯(lián)覺(jué)) visual視覺(jué), auditory聽(tīng)覺(jué), tactile觸覺(jué), gustatory味覺(jué), olfactory嗅覺(jué), kinaesthetic動(dòng)覺(jué)Kather