貴州大學(xué)研究生英語期末考試-翻譯及部分答案

1、(僅供參考)第一課I.ForEnglishisakiller.ItisEnglishthathaskilledoffCumbric,Cornish,NornandManx.TherearestillpartsoftheseislandswheresizeablecommunitiesspeaklanguagesthatweretherebeforeEnglish.YetEnglishiseverywhereineverydayuseandunderstoodbyallorvirtually(actually)all,constitutingsuchathreattothethreeremain

2、ingCelticlanguages,Irish,ScottishGaelic,andWelsh.thattheirlong-termfuturemustbeconsidered.verygreatlyatrisk.1 .由于英語是個(gè)殺手.正是英語造成了凱爾特語、康沃爾語、諾恩語和馬恩語等語言的消亡.這些島上的分地區(qū)依然還有很多社區(qū)的人使用在英語到來之前就已存在的語言.然而,英語在日常生活中無處不在.所有的人或幾乎所有的人都懂英語.英語對(duì)僅存的三種凱爾特語一一愛爾蘭語、蘇格蘭蓋爾語及威爾士語的威脅是如此之大,人們一定認(rèn)為它們遙遠(yuǎn)的未來是岌岌可危的.s2 .Healsoassociatedsuc

3、hpolicieswithaprejudicewhichhecallslinguicismaconditionparallelto(equalto/similarto)racismandsexism.AsPhillipsonseesit,leadinginstitutionsandindividualswithinthepredominantly"white"English-speakingworld,havebydesign(=deliberately)ordefault(=mistake)encouragedoratleasttoleratedandcertainlyh

4、avenotopposedthehegemonicspreadofEnglish,aspreadwhichbegansome(about)threecenturiesagoas(when)economicandcolonialexpansion.3 .同時(shí),他認(rèn)為這些政策和他稱之為語言歧視(與種族歧視、性別歧視等類似)的偏見密切相關(guān).在菲利普森看來,在以白人英語為主導(dǎo)的世界里,主要的機(jī)構(gòu)和個(gè)人(有意或無意地)鼓勵(lì)或者至少是容忍了(肯定沒有反對(duì))英語霸權(quán)主義式的傳播,這種傳播始于三個(gè)世紀(jì)之前的經(jīng)濟(jì)及殖民擴(kuò)張.4 .Byandlarge,wenowviewthemasmoreorlessbenig

5、n,andoftentalkwithadmirationandappreciationabouttheculturesassociatedwiththemandwhattheyhavegiventotheworld.Anditisfairly(very)safetodothis,becausenoneofthemnowposesmuchofathreat5 .總的來說,我們現(xiàn)在或多或少地把這些語言看作有利的語言.在談到與之相關(guān)的文化及其為世界所做的奉獻(xiàn)時(shí),我們常懷有崇敬與贊賞,而且這樣做是很平安的,由于這些語言現(xiàn)在已不會(huì)構(gòu)成什么大的威脅.6 .Yetmanypeoplesee(consider

6、/regard)Englishasablessing.Letmeleaveasideheretheobviousadvantagespossessedbyanyworldlanguage,suchasalargecommunicativenetwork,astrongliteraryandmediacomplex(network),andapowerfulculturalandeducationalapparatus(organization).7 .然而,許多人把英語看成是一件幸事.在此,我暫且不談世界語言所具有的明顯優(yōu)勢(shì),例如龐大的交流網(wǎng)絡(luò)、興旺的文字與傳媒體系以及強(qiáng)大的文化教育設(shè)施.8

7、.Enlish-speakingSouthAfricansofBritishdescentwerenotparticularlystronginopposingtheapartheidregime,andtheblackopposition,whosemembershadmanylanguages,wasatfirstweakanddisorganized.5.講英語的南非英國(guó)后裔并不強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)種族隔離政權(quán),而黑人反對(duì)力量,其成員講多種語言,在初期軟弱無力且缺乏組織.6.Suchsymbolismsuggests(shows)thattheusersoftheworld'slinguaf

8、rancashouldseektobenefitasfullyaspossiblefromtheblessingandasfaraspossibleavoidinvokingthecurse.6.這一象征說明這種世界通用語的使用者應(yīng)充分開掘這一幸事為我們帶來的好處,同時(shí)盡能防止招來災(zāi)難.第二課1.TheturnofeventsatApplehadnotchangedthatonebit.Ihadbeenrejected,butIwasstillinloveofthemostcreativeperiodsofmylife.1. 蘋果公司發(fā)生的這些事情絲毫沒有改變這一點(diǎn),一點(diǎn)兒也沒有.我被炒了就魚

9、,但是我仍然鐘愛我所做的事情.2. Theheavinessofbeingsuccessfulwasreplacedbythelightnessofbeingabeginneragain,lesssureabouteverything.Itfreedmetoenteroneofthemostcreativeperiodsofmylife.2.由于,作為一個(gè)成功者的負(fù)重感被作為一個(gè)創(chuàng)業(yè)者的輕松感所重新代替,一切都還不確定.這讓我覺得如此自由,進(jìn)入了我生命中最有創(chuàng)造力的一個(gè)階段.3. Itwasawfultastingmedicine,butIguessthepatientneededit.Som

10、etimeslifehitsyouintheheadwithabrick.Don'tlosefaith.3.良藥苦口,但是我想病人需要它.有時(shí),生活會(huì)像一塊磚頭擊中你的腦袋,但不要失去信心.4. RememberingthatyouaregoingtodieisthebestwayIknowtoavoidthetrapofthinkingyouhavesomethingtolose.Youarealreadynaked.Thereisnoreasonnottofollowyourheart.4.我知道,“記住你即將死去是防止掉進(jìn)患得患失陷阱的最正確方法.你已經(jīng)什么都沒有了,你根本沒有任

11、何理由不去聽從自己的心聲.5. Yourtimeislimited,sodon'twasteitlivingsomeoneelse'life.Don'tbetrappedbydogmawhichislivingwiththeresultsofotherpeople'sthinking.Dontletthenoiseofothers'dropiinionsyourowninnervoice.6. 你們的時(shí)間很有限,所以不要將它浪費(fèi)在重復(fù)其他人的生活上.不要被教條所束縛,也就是說不要根據(jù)別人的想法來生活.不要讓他人喧囂的觀點(diǎn)淹沒了你的心聲0第六課1. Mih

12、alyCsikszentmihalyi,whocoinedthetermflow,whichadherentsofpositivepsychologywouldusetodescribethejob-inducedhighs,saysthatdistinctionisafalseone."Anythingcanbeenjoyableiftheelementsofflowarepresent,"hewritesinhisbookGoodBusiness."Withinthatframework,doingaseeminglyboringjobcanbeasource

13、ofgreaterfulf川mentthanoneeverthoughtpossible."1.米哈里奇凱因特米哈里認(rèn)為這種區(qū)分是錯(cuò)誤的.他創(chuàng)造了“強(qiáng)感受flow這個(gè)說法,信奉正面心理學(xué)的人常用此詞來描述由工作而引發(fā)的興奮狀態(tài).在?滿意如意的工作?一書中他寫道：只要存在強(qiáng)感受因素,任何事情都能給我們帶來愉悅.根據(jù)這一觀點(diǎn),從事一份外表看上去枯燥的工作卻會(huì)給人們帶來想象不到的更大的成就感.2. Butneitherthelate1990sboomnorthesubsequentbusthadmuchimpactineitherdirection,indicatingthatthesta

14、teofworkerhappinessgoesmuchdeeperthantheswingsoftheeconomy.2.但是20世紀(jì)90年代后期的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮和隨之而來的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條都沒有對(duì)員工的兩種工作態(tài)度產(chǎn)生多大影啊,這說明工人在工作中是否能獲得快樂感有比經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)更深層的原因.3. MartinaRadix,41,tradedahigh-pressurejobasanexecutiveassistantatacompanywhereshelikedhercolleaguesforalesstaxingpositionasaclericalworkerinalawfirmsixyearsago.S

15、hehasmoretimeandflexibilitybutfeelsstifledbyherco-workersandunappreciatedbyherboss."Iamamisfitinthatdepartment,"shesays."Nomatterhowgoodyourpersonallifeis,ifyougointoabadatmosphereatwork,ittakesawayfromit."3.41歲的馬丁娜蕾迪克斯原是一家公司的經(jīng)理助理,雖然工作壓力大,但她和同事相處都很好；6年前她換了工作,到一家律師事務(wù)所成了一名職位相對(duì)消閑的辦事

16、員.如今她時(shí)間多了,自由度也大了,但她感覺和這里的同事共事太壓抑,也得不到老板的賞識(shí).她說：“我不適應(yīng)這個(gè)部門.不管你個(gè)人生活多愜意,如果工作單位氣氛不好,個(gè)人生活就會(huì)大受影響.4. Infact,engagementatworkislessafunctionofyourpersonalitythanishappinessingeneral.Harterestimatesthatindividualdispositionaccountsforonlyabout30%ofthedifferencebetweenemployeeswhoarehighlyengagedandthosewhoaren

17、ot.Therestofitisshapedbythehundredsofinteractionsthatemployeeshaveeverydaywithco-workers,supervisorsandcustomers.4.事實(shí)上,對(duì)工作的投入與其說是人的個(gè)性使然,不如說是源于人們?cè)诠ぷ髦锌傮w上感到的快樂.哈特認(rèn)為,對(duì)工作高度投入與并不投入的員工之間之所以存在差異,員工的個(gè)性只起30%的作用,其他的取決于員工每天與同事、主管以及客戶的頻繁交往.5. Untilrecently,businesspeoplewoulddismissemployeewell-beingas"outs

18、idetheirdomainandkindoffringe-ish,saysThomasWright,aprofessoroforganizationalbehaviorattheUniversityofNevada,Reno.5內(nèi)華達(dá)大學(xué)里諾分校的組織行為學(xué)教授托馬斯賴特說,直到不久前,企業(yè)家們還不愿考慮員工是否工作心情舒暢的問題,認(rèn)為這“不屬于他們關(guān)心的范圍,和他們的責(zé)任范圍相去甚遠(yuǎn)6. Butlaterstudiesthatlookedatjob-satisfactionratingswereinconsistent.Broadermeasuresofhappiness,itturnso

19、ut,arebetterpredictorsofproductivity.6.但后來對(duì)工作滿意度的許多研究結(jié)果卻前后矛盾.現(xiàn)在看來,用更廣泛的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來評(píng)估快樂感受,能更有效地預(yù)測(cè)生產(chǎn)率.7. Butattheveryleast,businessescoulddobetterjustbypayingattentiontowhattheiremployeeswantandneed.Thenmoreofuscouldfindameasureoffulf川mentinwhatwedo.Andonceinawhile,wemighthopetotranscenditall.Itcanhappenont

20、hebasketballcourt,infrontofaroaringcrowd,orinaclassroom,infrontofjustonegratefulstudent.但通過關(guān)心員工的需求,至少企業(yè)可能開展得更好.那樣,我們更多的人就會(huì)在工作中找到一定程度的滿足感.而且偶爾我們可能還希望獲得最大程度的滿足.這種情況可能發(fā)生在籃球場(chǎng)上喧鬧歡呼的人群前,也可能發(fā)生在教室里,在僅僅一個(gè)充滿感謝的學(xué)生面前.第七課1.Bigsurprise,Ithought,tossingtheballed-upclippingovermyshoulder.That'suptherewith“money

21、easesstress",“l(fā)iarsmakegoodwritersandphilanderersmakeevenbetterliars.(line3,para.1)1 .我認(rèn)為這個(gè)結(jié)論太讓人吃驚了,然后就把報(bào)告團(tuán)成一團(tuán)扔在腦后了.以前還有人說：金錢可以緩解緊張情緒；說謊的人能成為好作家以及"愛情不專一的男人更會(huì)說謊.|“2 .Lastyear,shesadlygotherwish,fartoosoon,livingjustoverhalfaslongasthewomamwhoboreher.可是這一天來得太快了.去年她就不幸實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的愿望.她去世時(shí)的歲數(shù)只有外婆的一半多

22、一點(diǎn)兒.3 .Hismaincharacter,EnidLambert,suffersfromadepressionthatactsasakindofinvisibleforcefield,unconsciouslyrepellingeveryoneawayfromherfragilecore.Enidcomplainsandsulks,mainipu;atesandcajoles,inordertoassuageherfundamentaldissatisfaction.4 .他小說中的主人公艾妮德蘭伯特所患的抑郁癥形成了一個(gè)看不見的氣場(chǎng),潛意識(shí)中她不準(zhǔn)任何人接觸那顆脆弱的心靈.艾妮德抱怨、

23、生氣、利用別人,并以甜言蜜語來哄騙別人,為的就是緩解自己的不滿.5 .Sheremainsintactbecauseherdepressionprotectsherfromevertrulysuffering,thewaythosearoundhermust.Whatdoesn'tkillyou,itseems,movesontomorestubbornquarry.6 .她能完好無損地活下來,就是由于她的抑郁癥保護(hù)了她不至經(jīng)受真正的痛苦,而這種痛苦那么是她周圍的人所必須承受的.看來擊不垮你的東西會(huì)成為更棘手的獵物.看來,經(jīng)常的頑固的打擊是不會(huì)打垮你的.7 .So,hitthesnoo

24、ze,thebottleortheskids.Resumebitching,chindown,carrythehatchet,underrugnothing.Lifeishardandthenyou-sigh.Heavily.8 .你可以睡覺,|可以酗酒,可以不求進(jìn)取.你還可以接著抱怨,可以心情不爽,也可以拿起你的武器來還擊,不用躲躲藏藏.生活是艱難的,那么你可以嘆息,重重地嘆息.第八課1.Everywarhashaditssongsthatwhippeduppatrioticfervoror,inthecaseoftheVietnamWarthatencouragedprotestagain

25、stit.1 .每場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)都有自己的歌曲來喚起人們的愛國(guó)熱情或者如在越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中用來鼓勵(lì)人們反戰(zhàn).2 .Theideaistotakeasongthatpeoplelikeorthathasparticularmeaningoremotionalassociationforthemanduseitwithnewwords,hopingthatsomeoftheliking,meaning,oremotionalassociationswilltransfertothenewideasbeingcommunicated.Anditoftenworks.2 .改詞是把一首人們喜愛或者對(duì)他們具有特殊意義

26、或感情色彩的歌曲填上新詞,希望把這種喜愛、意義或感情色彩帶到正在傳播的新觀念中.通常這種方法很奏效.3 Asaresult,anumberofcommunityandnationalgroupshaveappliedpressureonstationtokeepthesesongsandperformersofftheair.ThesechargesalsostimulatedinvestigationsbytheFederalCommunicationsCommission,theregulatoryagencychargedwithoverseeingbroadcastpractices.

27、3. 結(jié)果一些社團(tuán)和全國(guó)性團(tuán)體向電臺(tái)或電視臺(tái)施加壓力讓他們禁播這些演員的節(jié)目.這些指控也促使負(fù)責(zé)播送業(yè)的監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)邦通訊委員會(huì)開始進(jìn)行調(diào)查.4. Doesitmeanastationshouldpermitnolanguageorideasinasongthatitwouldnotpermitonthenewsorinasportsprogram?Ordoesitmeanthestationshouldrecognizethatdifferentformsofcommunicationorentertainment,orprogramsdesignedfordifferentkindsofau

28、diences,shouldhavedifferentstandardsconcerninglanguageandideas?4.這是否意味著在播送電臺(tái)或電視臺(tái)播放的歌曲中不允許出現(xiàn)那些在新聞或體育節(jié)目中禁止出現(xiàn)的語言和觀念？或者這是否意味著電臺(tái)或電視臺(tái)應(yīng)該成認(rèn)不同的交流或娛樂形式,或是為不同聽眾設(shè)計(jì)的節(jié)目,在語言和觀念上應(yīng)該具有不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)？5. Oneauthorhassuggestedthatpopularmusicalsoservesa"riteofpassage"functionforyounggirls.Theteenagesingingidolsmayserve

29、asnon-threateningsubstitutesforactualboysuntilboys'maturationcatchesupwiththatofgirlsandsomesemblanceofeasyboy-girlrelationshipscanbeestablished.5.一位作者指出流行音樂也成了年輕子們成熟的標(biāo)志.在同齡男孩子成長(zhǎng)為像女孩子那樣成熟并能較容易地與女孩子建立朋友關(guān)系之前,少年歌星可能會(huì)成為不會(huì)對(duì)女孩子形成威脅的男友的替身第十二課1 .Afulfillingmarriagebeginswhentwopeoplemaketimetogetherthei

30、rNo.1priority.Ifwehopetofindlove,wemustfirstfind(spare,vt.)timeforloving.1 .當(dāng)兩個(gè)人把抽時(shí)間相聚當(dāng)成第一要事的時(shí)候,一個(gè)美滿的婚姻就開始了.如果我們希望找到愛,首先我們必須找到時(shí)間去愛2 .Unfortunately.currentpsychologyrestsonthemodeloftheindependentego.Tomakealastingmarriagewehavetoovercomeself-centeredness.WemustgobeyondwhatpsychologistAbrahamMaslowca

31、lled"self-actualization'toUs-actualization.Wehavetolearntoputtimewhereloveis.3 .令人遺憾的是,當(dāng)代心理學(xué)都依靠獨(dú)立的自我模式.要使婚姻持久,我們就必須克自我為中央.我們必須超越亞伯拉罕.馬斯洛聲稱的“自我實(shí)現(xiàn),做到“共同實(shí)現(xiàn).我們要必須會(huì)把時(shí)間放在愛上.4 .Howweseeourpartnersoftendependsmoreonhowwearethanhowtheyare.Husbandsandwivesarenotaudience,butparticipantobserversineacho

32、ther'slives.5 .我們?nèi)绾慰创龑?duì)方通常更多地取決我們是誰而不是他們是誰.丈夫和妻子不是觀眾,而是和彼此的生活相關(guān)的觀察者.6 .Thisargument川ustrates(show)howsomepeoplespendtheirmarriagesstrugglingtochangeaspouse'smind.Peopleinlasting-lovemarriagesbeginwiththepremisethattherearemanyrealities.Theylearntoacceptdifferentpointsofview.7 .這一爭(zhēng)吵說明一些人如何把婚姻消耗在努力改變對(duì)方的想法上的.持久愛情婚姻中的夫妻做事始于這樣的前提：生活中有很多現(xiàn)實(shí)情況,他們學(xué)會(huì)了接受不同的觀點(diǎn).8 .Asonehusbandtoldme,"TheoldsayingwaslookoutforNo.1.Butwe'velearnedtolookoutforNo.2.Ifyoufightforyourself,onlyyoucanwin.Whenyoufightforyourmarriage,youbothwin."9 .The