外研社英語八年級上冊M2講義

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上遠禾教育教育學科輔導講義輔導科目：英語 年級：八年級主講: 潘國宇主 題第二講 M2 My home town and my country上課時間 2019年8月詞匯精講1. in the east ofin the east of意為“在的東部”。例如：Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中國的東部。【拓展】 in / to/ on+方位名詞（1）in表示在某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)（屬于該范圍）。例如： Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 臺灣位于中國的東南部。（2）to表示在某一地區(qū)之外（不屬于該范

2、圍），兩地不接壤。例如： Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中國的東部。（3）on表示與某一地區(qū)相鄰，兩地相接壤。例如： North Korea is on the east of China. 朝鮮在中國東部。2. populationpopulation意為“人口”時，是一個集體名詞，被看作一個整體，在句中做主語時，后面的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： China has a quarter of the worlds population. 中國人口占世界人口的四分之一?！就卣埂浚?）當表示一個城市、地區(qū)或國家有多少人口時，常用以下兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，即“the po

3、pulation of + 某地 + is + 數(shù)詞”或“某地 + has a population of + 數(shù)詞”。例如： The population of London is over ten million. = London has a population of over ten million. 倫敦的人口超過一千萬。（2） population可與large，small搭配，但不能與many，few搭配。例如： The city with its large population has become crowded.這個人口眾多的城市變得擁擠不堪了。（3）詢問人口數(shù)量常用w

4、hat或how large。例如：Whats the population of the city? = How large is the population of the city? 這個城市有多少人口？（4）population前有修飾詞，如分數(shù)、百分數(shù)時，表示整體人口中的一部分，謂語動詞復數(shù)形式。例如： Half of the population of the city are farmers. 這個城市的一半人口是農(nóng)民。3. especially（1）especially表示“特別地”，用于修飾形容詞或副詞，強調(diào)程度。有時也修飾動詞。例如：It is especially cold

5、 today. 今天特別冷。We are especially busy today. 我們今天特別忙。Im feeling especially tired this evening. 今天晚上我特別累。I especially want to see that film. 我特別想看那部電影。（2）用于強調(diào)目的，意為“特意、專門”，通常與表目的的不定式或介詞 for 短語連用。例如：We bought it especially for you. 這是我們特意為你買的。The book is written especially for children. 這本書是專門為孩子們寫的。（3）

6、表示陳述某一事實之后，列舉一個具有代表性的例子，作進一步強調(diào)，其后可接名詞、介詞短語、從句等。例如：This street is very crowded, especially on Sundays. 這條街很擁擠，尤其是星期天。We want to invite some friends, especially Jim and John. 我們想邀請幾個朋友，尤其是吉姆和約翰?！就卣埂浚?）special 作形容詞，意為“特殊的，特別的，專門的(反義詞：ordinary)”，強調(diào)事物特有的性質(zhì)、性格或?qū)ｉT的目的、用途。 例如：You must have special permission

7、 to enter this room你必須得到特許才能進這個房間。（2）especial 作形容詞，意為“特別的，主要的，突出的(反義詞：common)”，強調(diào)的是重要性，有“尤其、特別”之意。例如：He solved the problem of especial importance他解決了非常重要的問題。 4. north（1）north作名詞，意為“北，北方，北部”。例如：Heilongjiang Province is in the north of China. 黑龍江省地處中國的北部。（2）north作形容詞，意為“北方的，北部的，來自北方的”，是定語形容詞，在句中只用作定語。

8、north如所修飾的名詞是地理名詞，則其前不加冠詞，如是普通名詞，則其前加冠詞。例如：We seldom meet with such fish in the north country. 我們在北方很少看到這種魚。North America has good climate for wild grapes. 北美的氣候適合野生葡萄的生長。（3）north作副詞，意為“向北方”，多修飾動態(tài)動詞。例如：Most birds fly north in spring. 大多數(shù)鳥兒在春天飛向北方?！就卣埂坑⒄Z中表示方向的詞：north 北方；west 西方；east 東方；south 南方；south

9、east 東南；southwest 西南；northwest 西北；northeast 東北。5. such assuch as意為“例如”，用來“羅列”同類人或物中的幾個例子，可置于被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，但such as后邊不能用逗號。 例如：I have many hobbies such as reading, dancing and singing. 我有很多愛好，如讀書，跳舞和唱歌。Many of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science. 其中有許多英語節(jié)目很受歡迎，例

10、如跟我學、跟我學科學。English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.許多國家說英語，如澳大利亞、加拿大等?！就卣埂縡or example也意為“例如”，但是強調(diào)“舉例”說明，而且一般只舉同類人或物中的一個作為插入語，且用逗號隔開。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。例如：There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.污染方式有許多種，例如噪音就是一種污染。 Many studen

11、ts like playing computer games，for example，Mike.許多學生喜歡玩電腦游戲，比如邁克。6. agoago作副詞，意為“以前”，表示從現(xiàn)在算起的“以前”，常與一般過去時態(tài)連用。例如：I came here two years ago. 我兩年前來這里的。He arrived three hours ago. 他三小時前到達的?！就卣埂縜go與before（1）ago表示“從現(xiàn)在起的若干時間以前”，意思是“距今以前”，常和一般過去時連用。before泛指“從過去起的若干時間以前”，意思是 “距過去某時以前”，常和完成時連用，尤其在間接引語中。例如：I v

12、isited him three days ago, but he had gone to Shanghai a week before.我三天前去訪問他，但他已于那時的一周前到上海去了。 His parents died ten years ago. 他父母十年前都去世了。 He said that his parents had died ten years before. 他說他父母親十年前都去世了。 （2）如果不具體表明多少時間以前，只用before不用ago，意為“從前、以前”。before仍以副詞的形式置于被修飾語后，常與完成時連用。例如： Have you seen this f

13、ilm before? 你以前看過那部電影嗎？He asked me whether I had been to the Great Wall before.他問我以前是否去過長城。（3）表示在某一點時間或事件以前時，只用before不用ago，這種用法是將before當作介詞或連詞使用。ago不具有這一功能。例如： They will come back before six oclock. 他們將在六點前回來。It is hoped that this project will be finished before the year 1995希望這項工程將在1995年以前完成。7. old

14、erolder為形容詞old的比較級形式，意為“更舊的；歲數(shù)更大的”。例如：His bike is older than mine. 他的自行車比我的舊。My grandfather is older than my grandmother. 我的爺爺比奶奶歲數(shù)大?！咀⒁狻?older與elder（1）older 通常用于比較兩個人的年齡大小或者兩個物體之間的新舊程度。例如：He is older than his brother. 他比他的兄弟年長。 This book is older than that one. 這本書比那一本舊一些。（2）elder專用于同一個家庭成員之間的長幼對比，

15、也有時指職位、身份較高的人，且只能用于形容人。例如：Tom is my elder brother湯姆是我的哥哥。You are all elder statesmen你們都是政治元老/資深政客。8. much widermuch此處作副詞，修飾比較級。修飾比較級是副詞much的常見用法，“much + 比較級”的意思是“更”或“得多”。例如：Its much colder today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天冷得多。 We will be a much better football team next year. 明年我們將會成為一支更好的足球隊?！就卣埂縨

16、uch修飾形容詞的原級 much修飾形容詞原級的情形主要見于那些由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞。例如： I was much annoyed. 我很不高興。 She wasnt much surprised. 她并不太驚訝。 【注意】有個別非分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞有時也可用much修飾，但這種用法很有限，通常只見于good, different等少數(shù)幾個形容詞。例如： I dont think this battery is much good. 我并不認為這種電池非常好。 The new school isnt much different from the old one. 新學校與老學校區(qū)別不太大

17、。詞匯精煉I. 把下列詞組英漢互譯。1pretty good _2_事實上3in the 1980s_4as.as._5on the coast_6_有一天7much bigger_8_在的東西南北部（包含關系）9lots of_10_以而聞名11_多大(年齡)12the population of_II. 根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示補全句子。1How was your school trip? P_ good2The p_ of the city is more than 23 million3Beijing is b_ than Tianjin4This boy is taller t_ tha

18、t girl5There are lots of trees on the h_6My mother likes fruit，_(尤其) apples7Some people like living in the _(鄉(xiāng)下)8I can see four _(島) in the picture9The _(北) of the country is colder than the southIII. 用括號中所給單詞適當形式填空（每空不限一詞）。1There are two _(university) in our city2My brothers room is _(big) than my

19、sisters3There are four _(million) people in this country4This tree is tall but that tree is much _(tall)5Remember _(visit) Big Ben when you go to LondonIV從方框中選擇恰當?shù)膯卧~并用其適當形式填空。busy， build， million， east， village， famous1Shanghai is a big city in the _ of China.2They lived in a remote(偏遠的) _3He is a v

20、ery _ writer in this country4I have no timeIm _ with my work5You can see lots of old _ in the old city6There are _ of books in our library句型精講1. Cambridge is 80 kilometers from London.“ 距離+(away) from +地點”表示“距離某地有多遠”。 away from用于表示確切的距離（此時不用far），away可省略，但如果句子不帶from短語，則不能省。例如：He lives

21、two miles (away) from here.他住的地方離這兒有兩英里遠。He lives two miles away.他住在兩英里遠的地方?！就卣埂浚?）far (away) from意為“離很遠”，不加具體距離。例如：The school is far (away) from my home. 學校離我家很遠。（2）how far用來詢問距離，意為“多遠”。構(gòu)成How far is it from to，意為“從到有多遠”。例如： How far is it from your school to the cinema? 從你們學校到電影院有多遠？2. There are man

22、y famous monuments, memorials and museums in Washington DC.There be.句型表示的是 “某處有(存在)某人或某物”，其結(jié)構(gòu)為There be(is，are，was, were )+名詞+地點狀語。例如：There are fifty-two students in our class. 我們班有五十二個學生。There is a pencil in my pencil-case. 我的筆袋里有一支鉛筆。否定句：There be句型否定句式的構(gòu)成和含有be動詞的其它句型一樣，在be后加上not。也可用no來表示。即：no + n.（

23、名詞）= not aanany + n.（名詞）。例如：There isnt an orange in her bag. =There is no orange in her bag. 她的包里沒有橘子。There arent any books in her bag.=There are no books in her bag. 她的包里沒有書。 一般疑問句：There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句變化只需把be動詞移到句首，再在句尾加上問號即可。例如：There is some money in her handbag. (肯定句)她的手提袋里有一些錢。 Is there any money in

24、 her handbag? （一般疑問句）她的手提袋里有錢嗎？【注意】there be句型初中階段重要句型之一，there在句中只是起引導詞的作用，不充當任何成分，翻譯時也不必譯出。當主語是兩個或兩個以上的名詞時，謂語動詞要與跟它最近的那個名詞一致。例如：There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我們教室里有一位老師和許多學生。There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 樹下有兩個男孩，一個女孩。3. show sth. to sb.show sth.to sb. = show

25、sb. sth.，意為“把某物給某人看”。例如：Could you show me your photos?= Could you show your photos to me? 你能把你的照片給我看看嗎？【拓展】（1）show sb. around some place 意為“帶領某人參觀某地”。例如： Could you show us around Beijing when you are free?當你有空時，你能帶領我們參觀北京嗎？（2）類似結(jié)構(gòu)有：give / send / pass / bring / lend sb. sth=give / send / pass / bring

26、 / lend sth. to sb. 意為“給/寄/遞/帶給/借/告訴某人某物”。以上這些動詞是可以跟雙賓語的，第二賓語是人，第一賓語是物。例如：Please pass me the salt.=Please pass the salt to me. 請遞給我鹽。4. Is there anything special about it?anything special中special作后置定語，修飾不定代詞anything。由some / any / no / every /與body / thing或where等構(gòu)成復合不定代詞或不定副詞時，其修飾詞常后置。例如：I want to mo

27、ve somewhere else. 我想要搬到別的地方去。He has something important to say. 他有重要的話要說?！就卣埂砍Ｓ玫膹秃喜欢ù~有：somebody; someone; something; anybody; anyone; anything; nobody; nothing; everyone; everybody; everything等。不定代詞有兩種用法：一是作主語時，相當于單數(shù)第三人稱；一是被形容詞修飾，形容詞常作后置定語。例如：Everyone is here. 人人都在這里。Ill buy you something new. 我要給

28、你買些新東西?？谠E：不定代詞美名揚，修飾成分后邊藏；單數(shù)動詞作謂語，何時何地都一樣。5. be famous forbe famous意為“著名的，出名的”，相當于be well-known?！就卣埂縝e famous for與be famous as （1）sb. be famous for表示某人以某種知識、技能或特征出名。 sb. be famous as表示某人以某種身份出名。 例如： Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity. 愛因斯坦因他的“相對論”而著名。Einstein was famous as a great scie

29、ntist. 愛因斯坦作為一位偉大的科學家而著名。（2）sp. be famous for表示因某種特產(chǎn)而出名。 sp. be famous as表示以某物的產(chǎn)地而出名。例如： The area is famous for its green tea. 這個地區(qū)因綠茶而出名。 The area is famous as a green tea producing place. 這個地區(qū)作為綠茶產(chǎn)地很出名。句型精煉I. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換，按要求完成下列句子。1India is smaller than China(改為同義句) China is _ _ India2Cambridge is in the

30、 east of England(就劃線部分提問) _ _ Cambridge?3London is famous for Big Ben，Buckingham Palace and Tower Bridge(就劃線部分提問) _ London famous _?4Our city has one million people(就劃線部分提問) _ _ _ of your city?5Its very warm in New York(就劃線部分提問)_ the _ _ in New York?II. 根據(jù)漢語提示，完成句子。1上海有許多高樓。 There are many _ _ in Sh

31、anghai2五年前他們來到了中國。 They came to China _ _ _3我媽媽和我爸爸一樣忙。 My mother is _ _ _ my father4在冬天，上海比香港更暖和嗎? Is Shanghai _ in winter _ Hong Kong?5北京是一座比長春更古老的城市。Beijing is an _ _ than Changchun6我們給朋友們展示一幅畫卷。_ _ a picture _ our friends.III用所給形容詞的適當形式填空。1Tom is 15 years oldHe is_(old) than I2This building is _

32、(high) than that one3Our village is _(small) than yours4The new road is _(wide) than the old one5Miss Green is _(thin) than her sister6It is _(hot) in Nanjing than that in Beijing7Lesson Five is the _(easy) one of the two lessons8I think this mountain is _(low) than that one9My mother is _(busy) tha

33、n my father10Bill is _(short) than any other boy in our classIV.根據(jù)下面的對話情景，在每個空白處填上一個適當?shù)木渥邮箤υ捯饬x連貫、完整。（2014湖南衡陽中考）A: The summer holiday is coming. (1) _?B: Im going to Mount Heng which lies in Nanyue.A: (2) _?B: I will be there for three days.A: (3) _?B: It's less than an hour's drive from Hen

34、gyang City.A: (4) _?B: It's very beautiful. And many tourists go there for holidays every year.A: Oh, I see. (5) _?B: Ill go with my parents.A: It's time for class now. See you.B: See you.課后作業(yè)I. 單項選擇。1He looks very old；_ fact，he is only forty years old Ain Bbut Con Dat2The English countrysid

35、e is very beautiful，_ tourists like it very much Abut Bbecause Cso Dif3Bill is _ taller than Danny Amany Bmuch Cmore Dlittle4Urumqi is _ the west of China Ain Bat Con Dto5There are two _ people living in the city Ahundreds Bmillion Cmillions Dthousands6Is Shenzhen as _ as Beijing? No，it isntIts youn

36、ger Aold Bolder Coldest Dthe oldest7Where _ your friend _ from? Adoes；come Bis；come Cdoes； Ddoes；comes8China _ the Great Wall and pandas Afamous for Bis famous Cis famous for Dbe famous with9Sally _ a student two years ago Abe Bis Cwas Dare10Im going to see my friends _ Saturday afternoon Aat Bin Co

37、n Dfor11There werent many tall buildings in the city in _ Athe 1960s B1960s C1960s Dthe 196012That country has _ Amany population Bmuch population Ca few population Da small population13Remember _ Birds Nest(鳥巢) when youre in Beijing Avisit Bto visit Cvisiting Dvisits14_ people work there? About 2,0

38、00 AHow many BHow much CHow old DHow long15The first box is _ than the second one Abig Bbiger Cbiggest Dbigger真題鏈接1. Lin Fang comes home _ than before this term. She doesn't have so many classes in the afternoon. （2014年重慶市中考）A. early B. earlier C. late D. later2. I was looking for a birthday gif

39、t for my mother, but I couldn't find _ suitable. （2014年江蘇省中考）A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything3. There _ a sports meet in our school next week. （2014年銅仁市中考）A. is B. will have C. are D. will beII. 完形填空。 I have a twin sister, Kitty. She has _1_hair than me. I dont like long hair. M

40、any people think we _2_have lots of things in common. Im afraid this is not true. When my parents friends come to our home, Kitty often sits there and says _3_, but I like to talk with them. So she is _4_than me. Kitty likes reading, drawing and cooking. I just like swimming and playing basketball.

41、She has _5_hobbies than me, but she is not as athletic _6_me. Because Kitty does _7_than me at school, my parents often say to me, “_8_Kitty is younger than you, you should learn _9_her.” We do have some similarities(相似之處), however. For example, we _10_like eating fast food, going shopping and liste

42、ning to pop music.1. A. longer B. long C. short D. shorter2. A. can B. shouldC. must D. need3. A. something B. nothing C. anythingD. everything4. A. quieter B. younger C. wilder D. busier5. A. much B. more C. lessD. fewer6. A. than B. as C. to D. for7. A. worse B. bad C. betterD. good8. A. If B. No

43、matter C. AlthoughD.As9. A. with B. from C. asD. by10.A.either B. all C. both D. twoIII. 閱讀理解。 AA little mouse thinks he is the tallest and strongest animal in the world. His mother says to him “Dont say you are the strongest in front of an elephant. He doesnt like that.”The little mouse doesnt list

44、en to his mother. He goes out to look for the elephant, but he doesnt know who is the elephant. He meets an ant first. He asks her, “Are you an elephant?” “No, I am not,” says the ant.Then the little mouse meets a hare(野兔). He asks her, “Are you an elephant? You are bigger than me.” “No, I am not. A

45、n elephant is much bigger,” says the hare. The little mouse goes on.Suddenly he sees four big trees, “Aha, let me climb up one of the trees. Then I can see where the elephant is,” says the little mouse. Then he begins to climb one tree.“Get down! Get down!” someone shouts to him. “Im the elephant. G

46、o and climb that tall tree nearby. Then you can see me.”“Now I see. The elephant is the tallest and strongest animal in the world,” says the little mouse at last.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷正（T）誤（F）。1. The little mouse thinks his mother is the tallest and strongest animal in the world.2. The little mouse knows who is t

47、he elephant at first.3. The little mouse meets an ant first.4. The little mouse climbs up one of the four trees.5. The little mouse thinks the elephant is the tallest and strongest animal in the world at last. BSmith is one of my friends. He can run very fast and he is always ready to show people ho

48、w fast he can run.One day a thief breaks into his house, takes some things of his and runs off as fast as he can. Smith runs after him and shouts, “Stop! Stop! Dont you know you cant run away from me?”But the thief only runs faster. Smith gets angry. He tries his best to run. He is soon a few miles

49、(英里) away from his home. He doesnt look at anything or anybody and is still rushing(沖) alone when he runs into me.“Why are you in a hurry?” I ask.“I am trying to catch a thief.”“But where is the thief?” I ask.“Far, far behind me.” Says Smith with a smile on the face.“He thinks he can run faster than

50、 I, but you see he is wrong.” 6. Smith wants everybody to know that _.A. he is good at running B. he jumps high C. he is ready to run 7. Someone takes away some things from his house and then _.A. goes out of his house B. goes into his house C. runs away quickly8. Smith gets angry because the thief

51、_.A. takes away something goodB. does not stop runningC. runs faster than before9. Smith is very glad to tell his friend _.A. he catches the thiefB. he runs much faster than the thiefC. he is miles and miles behind the thief10. Where is the thief?A. He runs away.B. He runs after Smith.C. He stops to watch Smith running.C（2014年昆明市中考）A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city.Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn't built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city