最新屆高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)一：句子成分、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

1、最新高考語(yǔ)文復(fù)習(xí)資料2012屆高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)一：句子成分、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。（二）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, Ameri can country music has become mor

2、e and more popular.（名詞）We often speak English in class.（代詞）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（動(dòng)名詞）The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主

3、語(yǔ)從句）It is necessary to master a foreign language .（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）（三）謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在 主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如： He practices running every morning.2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the bookfor two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如： We are

4、students.（四）表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞 （如be, become, get,look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American .（名詞）Is it yours?（代詞）The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）The speech is exciting.（分詞）Three times seven is twenty one ?（數(shù)詞）His job is

5、 to teach English .（不定式）His hobby （愛(ài)好）is playing football .（動(dòng)名詞）The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）The truth is that he has never been abroad .（表語(yǔ)從句）（五）賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition （展覽）yesterday.（名詞）The heavy rain prevented me

6、 form coming to school on time.（代詞）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞）They helped the 01d with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語(yǔ)）I enjoy listening to popular music .（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）I think （that） he is fit for his office. （賓語(yǔ)從句）賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi)：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ) +直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lend

7、 me your dictionary , please.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ)），例如：They elected him their monitor .（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如：His father named him Dongming .（名詞）They painted their boat white.（形容詞）Let the fresh air in_.（副詞）You

8、 mustn ' t force him lend his money to you.（不定式短語(yǔ)）We saw her entering the room .（現(xiàn)在分詞）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語(yǔ)）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句）（七）定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）China is a developing country; Ameri

9、ca is a developed country.（分詞）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom .（不定式短語(yǔ)）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞）He is reading an article about how to learn Engl

10、ish .（介詞短語(yǔ)）（八）狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做 狀語(yǔ)。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly .（副詞及副詞性詞組）He has lived in the city for ten years .（介詞短語(yǔ)）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination .（不定式短語(yǔ)）He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語(yǔ)）Wait a minute .（名詞）Once you be

11、gin , you must continue.（狀語(yǔ)從句）狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下：How about meeting again at six?（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）Last night she didn ' t go to the danceoaurtye of the rain .（原因狀語(yǔ)）I shall go there if it doesn ' . t（rOn狀語(yǔ)）Mr Smith lives on the third floor .（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）She put the eggs into the basket with great care .（方式狀語(yǔ)）She came in wi

12、th a dictionary in her hand .（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）In order to catch up with the others , I must work harder.（目 的狀語(yǔ)）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately .（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）She works very hard though she is 01d .（讓步狀語(yǔ)）I am taller than he is.（比較狀語(yǔ)）練習(xí)一一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He hand

13、ed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.最新高考語(yǔ)文復(fù)習(xí)資料最新高考語(yǔ)文復(fù)習(xí)資料6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonigh

14、t.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it_important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would y

15、ou please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)（ 一）、謂語(yǔ)（=）、賓語(yǔ)（）：I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer

16、vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north whe

17、re it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to w

18、ater the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)（ 一）、狀語(yǔ)（=）、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（）：Most Saturday eve nings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outsi

19、de. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat - too 最新高考語(yǔ)文復(fù)習(xí)資料最新高考語(yǔ)文復(fù)習(xí)資料much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the

20、 States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.四、選擇填空：()1.will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here nowD.

21、The man is here now()2. The weather.A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold()3. The apple tasted.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet()4. He got up yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter()5. The actor at the age of 70.A. deadB.diedC.dyedD. deaded()6.

22、were all very tired, but none of would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB.Us, weC.We, ourD. We, we()7. He found the street much.A. crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD. crowdedly()8.I think necessary to learn English well.A. itsB.itC.thatD. that is()9. The dog mad.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being looked D. was look

23、ed()10.I will never forget the day I joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. where二、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句（一）句子種類(lèi)兩種分類(lèi)法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn' ut bfrof yo2）疑問(wèn)句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）:Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can ' t she?

24、3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don ' t talk in class4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2）并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩

25、個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在 一起構(gòu)成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、 賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型1、主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ):e.g. He is a st

26、udent.2、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞：e.g. We work.3、主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ) +直接賓語(yǔ)）：e.g. My father bought me a car.5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ) +賓補(bǔ)）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。（三）并列句的分類(lèi)1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用 and, not only - but also ，neither no旌接othen e.g. The teach

27、er ' s name is Smith, and the student' s name is John.2、表示選擇， 常用的連詞有 or, either or ，otherwisee.g. Hurry up, or you ' ll miss the train.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折， 常用的連詞有 but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively

28、 and in teresting.4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有 so, for, therefore 等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（四）高考考點(diǎn)探討1、簡(jiǎn)單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題不多，但是在閱讀中有時(shí)需借助于劃分句子成分去理解，在書(shū)面表達(dá)中，沒(méi)有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語(yǔ)句子來(lái)表達(dá)清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。有時(shí)把祈使句與反意疑問(wèn)句結(jié)合于一

29、體來(lái)考查。一個(gè)題目，幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。3、高考對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對(duì)連詞的選擇和使用上。如：and, but, or, while ,以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。4、各種主從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起，以賓語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句最為 明顯，時(shí)間從句與條件從句中，如果主句是將來(lái)時(shí)，從句則用一般式表將來(lái)，這一點(diǎn)在高考中經(jīng)常考查。如： We will go outing if it doesn ' t rain tomorrow練習(xí)二、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句一、判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1. We of

30、ten study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this r oom, isn ' t there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Tw

31、o.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn ' t it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.二、判斷下列短文中各句是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：I hope yo

32、u are very well () . I'm fine, but tired () . Right now it is thesummer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm () . August is the hottest monthhere () . It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn untildark. () Sometimes we go on working after dark by the

33、lights of our tractors ()We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat ().We have a lot of machines on the farm () . Although the farm is large, my Dad hasonly two men working for him () . But he employs more men for the harvest ()My brother takes care

34、of the vegetable garden () . It doesn't often rain in the summer here().As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden () . Every evening wepump water from a well () . It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden ().Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest tim

35、e () . These parties oftenmake us very happy () . We cook meat on an open fire outside () . It's great ()! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion () . Some of my friendsdrink beer () . I don't, because I have to drive home after the party () . In yourletter you asked about the ti

36、me in different areas of the States () . There are five differenttime areas in the States () . In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time ().How many different time areas do you have in China () ? Well, I must stop and getsome sleep () . Please give my best regards to your parents ().三、選擇

37、填空:1. Give me one more minute I' ll be able to finish itA. andB. orC. ifD. so2. It ' s the third time that John has been late,?A. hasn ' t he B. isn ' t he C. isn ' t itD. hasn ' t itD. What an3. joyful he was to meet his brother again!A. HowB. WhatC. What a最新高考語(yǔ)文復(fù)習(xí)資料最新高考語(yǔ)文復(fù)習(xí)

38、資料4. Let us pass,?A. shan ' t weB. shall weC. won ' t weD. will you5. I suppose hes serious,A. do IB. don ' tIC. is heD. isn ' t he最新高考語(yǔ)文復(fù)習(xí)資料6. You had better not smoke here,?A. will youB. had youC. shall youD. have you7. Train as hard as you canyoull win the swimming competition.A.

39、thenB. butC. andD. or8. I ' m sorry to have to say this,you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room lastnight.A. andB. butC. soD. because9. John has not yet passed the driving test, andA. Henry hasn ' t too Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither hasothers enjo

40、y swimming.Henry10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing,A. orB. forC. whileD. so11. - Do you feel like going outwould you rather have dinner at home?-I ' d like to go out.A. orB. andC. butD. so12.“is the temperature today?"It ' s 38 degrees.A. WhichB. HowC. Ho

41、w hotD. How high13.- Your uncle isn ' t an engineer, is he?14.A. Yes, he isnfriendlyt B. No, he isnto everyone!C. No, he isD. He isA. How, is sheB. What, is sheC. How, she isD. What, she is15. Mary went to bed early,she felt very tired.A. orB. soC. forD. yet16. Mothera dress when she cut her fin

42、ger.A. was makingB. makesC. is makingD. made17. He lay in bedread something borrowed from library.A. butB. andC. orD. yet18. - I ' d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.what you want and I can get it for you.A. Tell meB. If you would say to meC. You will tellmeD. If you tell me1

43、9. As he is strong,can lift one hundred pounds.A. yet heB. but heC. andD. he20. - I thought you had an umbrella.I had,velost it.A. sinceB. butC. becauseD. so21.A. TurningB. To turnC. TurnedD. Turn22. - I don ' t like chickenfish.-I don' ltke chickenI like fish verydown the radio the baby 

44、9; s asleep in the next room.much.A. and, andB. and, butC. or, andD. or, but23. - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?I ' dike to,I ' mtoobusy.A. andB. soC. asD. but24. Would you like a cup of coffee shall we get down to business right away?A. andB. thenC. orD. otherwise25. She set out

45、soon after dark home an hour later.A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived26. "Can' t you read? ” Mary said to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrilypointed27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, in fact, I was talking abo

46、ut my daughter.A. whomB. whereC. whichD. whileC. If you leaveD. LeaveBut I fed it yesterday.C. didn ' t you D. don ' t you28. it with me and I' ll see what I can do.A. When leftB. Leaving29. - Alice, you feed the bird today,?A. do youB. will you30. him and then try to copy what he does.四

47、、按要求完成下列句子：1. He dares to tell the truth.（改為否定句）2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)）3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month,? （完成反意疑問(wèn)）4. You must be careful with your pronunciation. （改為祈使句）5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening1 改為般疑問(wèn)句 ）6. It is a

48、n interesting story.（改為感嘆句）7. This magazine comes out （出版）every other week.（對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)）8. They could hardly believe his words,?（完成反意疑問(wèn)）9. The moon is shining brightly.（改為感嘆句）10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class.（對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)）最新高考語(yǔ)文復(fù)習(xí)資料參考答案：練習(xí)一：一、1、主語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)；2、間接賓語(yǔ)；3、謂語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；4、

49、定語(yǔ)；5、狀語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；6、定語(yǔ)， 表語(yǔ)；7、賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；8、謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)；9、謂語(yǔ)；10、主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)；11、謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)；12、 狀語(yǔ)；13、形式賓語(yǔ)，真正賓語(yǔ)；14、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)；15、插入語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；16、賓語(yǔ)（間賓+直賓）；17、狀語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；18、形式主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)； 19、賓補(bǔ)；20、表語(yǔ) 二、略 三、略四、15 CBDBB 610 ACBAB練習(xí)二：一、1、簡(jiǎn)單句；2、復(fù)合句；3、簡(jiǎn)單句；4、簡(jiǎn)單句；5、并列句；6、復(fù)合句；7、并列句； 8、復(fù)合句；9、簡(jiǎn)單句；10、簡(jiǎn)單句二、I hope you are very well （復(fù)合句）.I'm fine, but tired （簡(jiǎn)

50、單句）.Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm （并歹U句） .August is the hottest month here （簡(jiǎn)單 句）.It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. （并列句） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors （簡(jiǎn)單句） .We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is