高中英語定語從句精品課件

1、GrammarAttributive clause (限制性定語從句限制性定語從句) 先行詞和關(guān)系詞先行詞和關(guān)系詞定語從句定語從句 關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句 關(guān)系代詞的使用方法關(guān)系代詞的使用方法 定語從句中需注意事項定語從句中需注意事項 附加部分附加部分習(xí)題習(xí)題 定語定語可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞分詞、不定式不定式、介詞短語介詞短語等來擔任，修飾名詞。(以分詞、介詞短語為例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk. 定語從句定語從句 在英語中，修飾名詞

2、名詞或代詞代詞的句子句子叫定語從句。 例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.先行詞和關(guān)系詞先行詞和關(guān)系詞q先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。q關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。q先行詞、關(guān)系詞先行詞、關(guān)系詞/引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞對等對等 代替代替 That is the bike which my father bought for me. 先行詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 bikeq關(guān)系詞的作用：既引導(dǎo)

3、定語從句，又在定關(guān)系詞的作用：既引導(dǎo)定語從句，又在定 語從句中充當某種成分。語從句中充當某種成分。關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句q普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別I have a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sisterI have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.q普通代詞普通代詞：只起代替的作用（如上例只起代替的作用（如上例she)q關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞： （如上例（如上例who/which） 1. 除了除了代替代替先行詞外，先行詞外，2.它還在定語從句中它還在定語從句中擔任擔任一定

4、的一定的成分成分，3. 同時同時連接連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句。先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 （把主句和從句連起來）（把主句和從句連起來） 說明如下說明如下vThe building is our school.+The building stands by the river.= The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行詞先行詞 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 從句從句 which、that 是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞the building, 同時擔任從句中的主語，也起連詞的作用，把兩個簡

5、單句連接同時擔任從句中的主語，也起連詞的作用，把兩個簡單句連接 起來。起來。v 關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常密切，因為關(guān)系代詞在關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常密切，因為關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的而且它的 人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.(主句主句) The woman is my mother(從句從句) Th

6、e woman is speaking at the meeting.主語是單數(shù) The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists. (主句主句)The women are famous scientists. (從句從句)The women are speaking at the meeting.主語是復(fù)數(shù) 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞判判 斷斷 步步 驟驟 :v 首先，要辨別出先行詞。首先，要辨別出先行詞。 如果先行詞是指人如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系詞可能就用關(guān)系詞可能就用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行

7、詞指物如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系詞可能用關(guān)系詞可能用which或或thatv 然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表先行詞 主格 賓格 所有格 人who,thatwho(m),that whose ,of whom 物which,that which,thatwhose,of whichv注意注意q 定語從句的時態(tài)不受主句的限制。. The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句主句)The woman is my mother.(敘述客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時敘述客觀事實

8、用一般現(xiàn)在時) (從句從句)The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中句中yesterday表示過去時間表示過去時間)v定語從句的辨認（思考步驟）定語從句的辨認（思考步驟） 找出先行詞找出先行詞 a.確定在從句中關(guān)系代詞的人稱、數(shù)和性。確定在從句中關(guān)系代詞的人稱、數(shù)和性。 b.確定定語從句的位置確定定語從句的位置 確定關(guān)系代詞在從句中的成分以確定關(guān)系代詞的格確定關(guān)系代詞在從句中的成分以確定關(guān)系代詞的格 確定從句的時態(tài)確定從句的時態(tài) （定語從句的時態(tài)都不受主句的限制）（定語從句的時態(tài)都不受主句的限制）關(guān)系代詞的使用方法關(guān)系代詞的

9、使用方法定語從句常用的關(guān)系代詞有：that 、who(m)、whose、which等。 1. that多指物，在從句中作主語或作動詞的賓語。（that/which作賓語時可省.） 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. A plane is a machine which can fly. 2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday? 3)Have you found the bik

10、e that you lost? Have you found the bike which you lost? Have you found the bike 省略 you lost? 2. which 指物,在從句中作主語或賓語。作主語不可省略;作賓語可以省略。 ( which 與that 指物時可以互相代替，that 更常見。） 1) His father works in a factory that /which makes TV sets. 2)The film that/ which we saw last night was very wonderful. The film 省

11、略 we saw last night was very wonderful. 3. who 指人(既它的先行詞必須是人),在從句中作主語或賓語。但whom 是賓格,只能作賓語。(that有時也指人.代替who,whom,可作主語或賓語) 1)The girls who werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. The girls that werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. 2) He knew the teacher who we met yesterday

12、. He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday. He knew the teacher (that) we met yesterday.4.whose 是代詞的所有格形式是代詞的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。它既可以代人也可以代物。q I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.qIll call a person. His father knows you.qPlease show me the book . Its cover is red.

13、qI cant find the house .My friend lives in it.Please show me the book whose cover is red.Ill call a person whose father knows youI cant find the house whose friend lives in it1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .2)

14、She is the girl whom I went with there. She is the girl with whom I went there. She is the girl that I went with there. She is the girl 省略 I went with there.注意: 固定動介詞組不可分割固定動介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前介詞不能提前.例如例如:look after,look at v關(guān)系代詞與介詞關(guān)系代詞與介詞 介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時,介詞賓語只能用介詞賓語只能用which代物代物, 和和whom代人。代人。(介詞

15、在末尾時介詞在末尾時,關(guān)系詞可以省略關(guān)系詞可以省略) 3 )The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big. The room where I live is very big.4).I want to find the pen (that) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen (which) I wrote the letter with. I wan

16、t to find the pen with which I wrote the letter. Here are the picture-books that the children are looking for . Here are the picture-books which the children are looking for. Here are the picture-books the children are looking for. 定語從句的翻譯：不管引導(dǎo)詞是哪一個，都翻譯為“的”。e.g. This is the car which he bought last

17、year.這是這是（他去年買的）（他去年買的）那張車。那張車。The boy whose hometown is Guangdong is Yi Jianlian.那個那個（家鄉(xiāng)是廣東的）（家鄉(xiāng)是廣東的）男生是易建聯(lián)。男生是易建聯(lián)。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中在從句中的作用：的作用：修飾功能修飾功能修飾人修飾人修飾物修飾物修飾人或物修飾人或物主語主語賓語賓語定語定語whowhichthatwhom(口語中可口語中可用用who，可省，可省)which(可省可省)that(可省可省)whosewhose(可省可省)Attention that和和which在指物的情況下一在指物的情況下一般都可以互換般

18、都可以互換, 但在下列情況下但在下列情況下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。(1) 先行詞為先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時。代詞或被不定代詞修飾時。 I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。

19、先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。(3)先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時。修飾時。Ive read all the books that are not mine. (4)先行詞同時含有人和物時。先行詞同時含有人和物時。We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited there. that 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 that不能置于介詞之后（介詞后指物用不能置于介詞之后（介詞后指物用which,指人用指人用who

20、m） 定語從句中需注意事項定語從句中需注意事項v 有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.從句所修飾的詞又被從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級形容詞最高級或或序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞修飾時修飾時,只能用只能用that引導(dǎo)從句引導(dǎo)從句. This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.2.先行詞是先行詞是all,something,nothing,a

21、nything不定代詞不定代詞時時,只能用只能用that. Here is something( that) I will tell you. Not all that glitters is gold.3.先行詞既有先行詞既有人人也有也有物物時時,只能用只能用that引出從句引出從句 I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.4.先行詞是先行詞是one of,the one, 或用或用little,few, no, all,any 作修飾，用作修飾，用that Is it the one that you wa

22、nt ?We havent got much that we can offer you.5.當當主句主句已有已有疑問詞疑問詞 who或或which時，關(guān)系詞用時，關(guān)系詞用that Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?v從例句中看出，從例句中看出，who、that在許多情況下可以在許多情況下可以通用通用，但，但有時宜用有時宜用 用用who,而而不用不用that1.先行詞是先行詞是one(s),anyone,someone, those時，關(guān)系詞使用時，關(guān)系詞使用who

23、 Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth. 2.在在there be 句型中，先行詞指人句型中，先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞用關(guān)系詞用who There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.附加部分附加部分 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣，具有是用來引導(dǎo)定語

24、從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣，具有 數(shù)種作用。數(shù)種作用。o 在從句中代替先行詞。在從句中代替先行詞。o在句中在句中作狀語作狀語。o連接作用，把兩個句子連接成為一個帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句。連接作用，把兩個句子連接成為一個帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句。 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞有有三種三種： where:在從句中作在從句中作地點狀語地點狀語,指代地點指代地點. ( on/in/atwhich)=that when: 在從句中作在從句中作時間狀語時間狀語,指代時間。指代時間。(on/ inwhich)=that why: 在從句中作在從句中作原因狀語原因狀語,指代原因。指代原因。 =that 關(guān)系副詞的用法：關(guān)系副詞的用

25、法： 1.where 的用法：的用法：(先行詞應(yīng)是地點名詞）先行詞應(yīng)是地點名詞） The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed =The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel which we stayed at wasnt clean The hotel 關(guān)系詞略關(guān)系詞略we stayed at wasnt clean . at the hotel. We stayedthere.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞從句從句從句從句共有五個共有五

26、個不同的句不同的句子來表達。子來表達。2.when的用法：的用法： （先行詞應(yīng)是表示時間的名詞）先行詞應(yīng)是表示時間的名詞） Ill never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. Ill never forget the day that I joined the League.(口語口語) Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League . Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.從從句句3.why的用法：的

27、用法： ( 表示原因的名詞表示原因的名詞) The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to a party. The reason that Im calling you is to invite you to a party The reason Im calling you is to invite you to a party 略 在口語中,關(guān)系副詞where、when、why 常被that 代替,也可省略。 Exerc sesI.Rewrite the sentencesII.Choose the best answersIII.Tr

28、anslatePractice:The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy (The boy (who who sits in front of me ) is Tom.sits in front of me ) is Tom.The teacher will give us a speech . The teacher will give us a speech . We met the teacher yesterday.We met the teacher ye

29、sterday. The teacher (The teacher (whomwhom we we met yesterday )will met yesterday )will give us a speech give us a speech. .Practice:Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.Do you find the pen Do you find the pen ( (which which I I wrote with jus

30、t now)?wrote with just now)?Do you find the pen (Do you find the pen (with whichwith which I wrote just now)? I wrote just now)?I still remember the first day. I still remember the first day. I came to school on the firstI came to school on the firstday.day.I still remember the first day (I still re

31、member the first day (when when I came to I came to school).school).Exercises:指出關(guān)系代詞（副詞）在定語從句中的成分：指出關(guān)系代詞（副詞）在定語從句中的成分：1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( ) 2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( ) 4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterd

32、ay. ( )主語主語賓語賓語定語定語賓語賓語6. I like the person to whom you just talked. ( )7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. ( ) 8. We shall never forget the days when we lived together. ( )Exercises:介賓介賓賓語賓語狀語狀語I.把下列單句合并成含有定語從句的復(fù)合句把下列單句合并成含有定語從句的復(fù)合句.1.The little girl was crying on the street

33、.Her money had been stolen.2.The colour of the bike is green.Have you seen the bike?3.The student didnt agree with us.The student was standing under the tree.The little girl whose money had been stolen was crying on the street.Have you seen the bike whose colour is green.The student who was standing

34、 under the tree didnt agree with us.4.Where is the man? The man talked with you just now.5.The watch is very nice. He gave me the watch for my birthday.6.The book is very interesting. You lent it to me yesterday.7.The teacher is our English teacher. You saw her on the playground.Where is the man who

35、 talked with you just now?The watch(that) he gave me for my birthday is very nice. The book( that/which) you lent me yesterday is very interesting. The teacher(who/that)you saw on the playground is our English teacher8. The letter is from my friend. I received it yesterday. The letter(that/which) I

36、received yesterday is from my friend. 9. Im reading a book. Its name is “Who Moved My Cheese” Im reading a book whose name is “Who Moved My Cheese” 10.He works in a school. There is a big store near it.He works in a school near which there is a big store .11.He used to live in a house.In front of it

37、 grew many apple trees.He used to live in a house in front of which grew many apple trees12.This is the room. We lived in it last year.This is the room (that/which)we lived in last year.This is the room in which /where we lived last year.13.The children are very healthy. She is looking after them.Th

38、e children (who/that)she is looking after them are very healthy.14.I know the boy.He can speak English well.I know the boy who/that can speak English well15.The season is summer.It comes after spring.The season which comes after spring is summer.16.The man was American.I spoke to him yesterday.17.I

39、cant find the house.My friend lives in it. 18.I know the boy.You are looking for him.The man (whom /that)I spoke to yesterday was American.The man to whom I spoke yesterday was American.I cant find the house (which /that) my friend lives in.I cant find the house in which /where my friend lives.I know the boy (whom/who/that) you are looking for.19.This is the town.He was born in the town. 20.We arrived here on the day.Do you remember it?T