高2-6模塊2單元grammar

1、 Module 6 Unit 2 Grammar and Usage一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)1.1. 一般過去時(shí)用來表示過去的動(dòng)作及狀態(tài)一般過去時(shí)用來表示過去的動(dòng)作及狀態(tài). .表示表示過去的習(xí)慣常用過去的習(xí)慣常用used to do, would doused to do, would do表示表示. . 2.2. 一般過去時(shí)常連用表過去的時(shí)間狀語，狀語一般過去時(shí)常連用表過去的時(shí)間狀語，狀語從句甚至其它類型從句和表過去的地點(diǎn)狀語，從句甚至其它類型從句和表過去的地點(diǎn)狀語，地點(diǎn)狀語從句來限定一發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作地點(diǎn)狀語從句來限定一發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作. .3. 3. 一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)均表示發(fā)生在過去一般過去時(shí)

2、和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)均表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作, ,但前者側(cè)重過去的事實(shí)但前者側(cè)重過去的事實(shí), ,后者側(cè)重過后者側(cè)重過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響. .*-Long time no see. Havent you graduated from college? -Yes I English for 4 years in Nantong.*-What _ it, Ted? -Just a pain in my shoulder. Its gone now. A. was B. is have studiedstudiedA試比較試比較:1. I cant enter the room no

3、w because I _ (lose) my key.2. I cant find my text book now, but I _ (put) it here.have lostput過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.1. 表示過去某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示過去某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. .2.2. 與與always continually, constantlyalways continually, constantly等詞連等詞連用表示過去的經(jīng)常動(dòng)作用表示過去的經(jīng)常動(dòng)作, ,往往帶有感情色彩往往帶有感情色彩. .3.3. 用于表述故事的發(fā)生背景用于表述故事的發(fā)生背景 It was g

4、etting dark and the wind wasIt was getting dark and the wind wasrising.rising. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)在近年高考中的考查過去進(jìn)行時(shí)在近年高考中的考查:1. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. - Where was i? - You _you didnt like your fathers job. (04 北京) A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 2. You were out when I drop

5、ped in at your house. (04 廣東) - Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited CA3. Has Sam finished his homework today? - I have no idea. He _ it this morning. (04吉林) A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 4. Whats wrong with your co

6、at? (05 重慶) - Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it. A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting CD過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)1. 表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作完成之前的表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作完成之前的情況情況.往往具備以下兩個(gè)特征之一往往具備以下兩個(gè)特征之一:(1) 句中常用句中常用by, before, until引導(dǎo)過去某一引導(dǎo)過去某一時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語. They had learned 5000 words

7、by the end of last year. (2) 出現(xiàn)在主從句中出現(xiàn)在主從句中, 兩個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作有兩個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作有明顯的先后關(guān)系明顯的先后關(guān)系.Hardly had he run into the room when the Hardly had he run into the room when the rain began to come down. rain began to come down. 2. 2. 表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望, , 打算打算, , 意圖意圖, , 用于如下動(dòng)詞用于如下動(dòng)詞: want, hope, think, : wan

8、t, hope, think, expect, intend, mean, suppose, plan. expect, intend, mean, suppose, plan.I had meant to buy a present for you in I had meant to buy a present for you in Paris, but my work ran out of my time. Paris, but my work ran out of my time. 3. 當(dāng)主從復(fù)合句中有after, before 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),用過去完成時(shí)的地方可用一般過去時(shí).

9、He (had) finished all the homework before his patents got home.After I (had) had a short break, I went on to work out the problem.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別在于前過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別在于前者強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前動(dòng)作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行而者強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前動(dòng)作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前動(dòng)作的完成結(jié)果后者強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前動(dòng)作的完成結(jié)果. .I was tired out; I had been reading I w

10、as tired out; I had been reading for hours in a row. for hours in a row. I had been waiting for nearly an hour I had been waiting for nearly an hour before he came. before he came. 過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)相對(duì)于過去某時(shí)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作相對(duì)于過去某時(shí)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 常用于常用于賓語從句中賓語從句中.*No one knew when he was going to come. *I didnt know when the

11、y were leaving for Shanghai. 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)1. 1. 表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài). . I will be back in a few days. I will be back in a few days.2. 2. 表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作. . Well die without air and water. Well die without air and water. Water will boil if heated. Water will boil if heated. 一般將來時(shí)的常見表達(dá)

12、形式一般將來時(shí)的常見表達(dá)形式will/ be going to 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別1. will 表示說話人認(rèn)為或相信將會(huì)發(fā)生但現(xiàn)在表示說話人認(rèn)為或相信將會(huì)發(fā)生但現(xiàn)在看不見的動(dòng)作而看不見的動(dòng)作而be going to 表示現(xiàn)在即可表示現(xiàn)在即可看出的現(xiàn)象看出的現(xiàn)象*Its going to rain.*I think the boat will sink when at sea.2. will 表示說話時(shí)決定的動(dòng)作而表示說話時(shí)決定的動(dòng)作而be going to do表示原來的計(jì)劃表示原來的計(jì)劃*Hold on please. Ill write it down just incase.*The mee

13、ting is going to start at 7.be to表示禁止表示禁止, , 命令等命令等. . No one _ leave here without my permission. No one _ leave here without my permission. A. will B. is to A. will B. is to 2. 2. 表示計(jì)劃表示計(jì)劃, , 安排安排. .Theres to be a sports meeting next weekend. Theres to be a sports meeting next weekend. 3. 3. 表示要求表示

14、要求, , 責(zé)任責(zé)任. .The work is to/should be finished by 7 today.The work is to/should be finished by 7 today.4. Be to 4. Be to 可用于可用于if if 從句從句. .If you are to come tomorrow, I will be very If you are to come tomorrow, I will be very happy.happy.Bbe about to表示最近的將來表示最近的將來, 意味立刻意味立刻, 馬上馬上. 不可和時(shí)不可和時(shí)間狀語連用間狀語

15、連用.*Tissue please? Im about to sneeze.*Move! The car is about to blow up. be doing英語中某些詞如英語中某些詞如come, go, arrive, leave, come, go, arrive, leave, stay, do, take, have stay, do, take, have 等可以用其進(jìn)行時(shí)等可以用其進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來態(tài)表示將來. .- Hurry, Tom! youre late.- Hurry, Tom! youre late.- Im coming, mum. - Im coming, mu

16、m. 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 表示將來某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示將來某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. Ill be waiting for you here this time every year. The boss will be enjoying his holiday tomorrow. So call him now. 2. 表示即將或按計(jì)劃在未來要發(fā)生的事表示即將或按計(jì)劃在未來要發(fā)生的事 情情, 主語為第一人稱時(shí)往往含有期盼主語為第一人稱時(shí)往往含有期盼 情感情感.Ill be seeing my grandma next month. They will be separat

17、ing in the summer. 將來完成時(shí)將來完成時(shí)表示在將來某一時(shí)間之前完成的動(dòng)作表示在將來某一時(shí)間之前完成的動(dòng)作, , 并往并往往對(duì)將來某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響往對(duì)將來某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響. . 通常與通常與byby引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用的時(shí)間狀語連用. .By tomorrow morning the weather will By tomorrow morning the weather will have cleared up. have cleared up. By the end of this month the project By the end of this month th

18、e project will have been finished.will have been finished. 近年高考中時(shí)態(tài)考查示例近年高考中時(shí)態(tài)考查示例例例1： 考查過去完成時(shí)考查過去完成時(shí)例題例題：2001上海春：The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A.has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed解析解析：by (the end of ) last month是過去完成時(shí)的典型的時(shí)間狀語. 懸掛大橋是被設(shè)計(jì),

19、 用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式. 答案: B演變演變: John and I _ friends for eight years. We first went to know each other at a Christmas partyBut we _ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seenC. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥：約翰和我(到現(xiàn)在)已經(jīng)做朋友8年, 用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí); 后面是在過去某時(shí)間前已經(jīng)見

20、過幾次, 用過去完成時(shí). 答案: D小結(jié)小結(jié)：過去完成時(shí)描述一動(dòng)作先于另一動(dòng)作完成，可由時(shí)間狀語來反映，如：by, by the end of, before, after等；但更多的是由句子含義來決定。例例2： 考查一般將來時(shí)考查一般將來時(shí)例題例題：2004高考全國(guó)卷：Lets keep to the point or we_ any decisions.Awill never reach Bhave never reached Cnever reach Dnever reached解析解析： 本題考查一般將來時(shí)的基本用法， 理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)和含義：讓我們緊扣主題,否則的話,我們將達(dá)不成任何決定. 答案: A演變演變: 06江蘇卷34 ：A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon