新視野精讀第八單元語言點(diǎn)

1、Text- analysisWhat Youngsters Expect in LifeBack in the good old days of stable economic expansionthe 1950s and 1960sa person could choose to do something new, exciting, and creative in life but could also choose to say, “Thats not for me: I am going to play it safe in life. I am going to stay in my

2、 home town and have a nice comfortable career in a salaried job.” That second choice no longer exists for the vast majority of Americans. All of us are going to be creators and pioneers over the next 10 years whether we like it or not, and many of us dont like it.Just look at what the attitude surve

3、ys tell us. In the United States, three-quarters of the adults surveyed by the Harris poll and two-thirds of all high-school seniors surveyed by Scholastic magazine say they believe that the United States will be a worse place 10 years from now than it is today. No wonder young people are disaffecte

4、d. No wonder they are not motivated to learn. They think the world in which they are going to spend their lives wont be a very satisfactory place.Young men, in particular, are not happy with their prospects for the future. When surveyors ask U.S. female high-school students what they are going to do

5、 when they graduate, they list all kinds of roles they want to fill, like doctors, lawyers, engineers, accountants, civil servants, police and firemen, and fighter pilots. In short, they want to do all the things that men have always done. Moreover, less than 10% of female high-school seniors expect

6、 to spend their adult lives solely as mothers and domestic managers, while nearly 90% are committed to having both a career and a marriage based on equality.By comparison, nearly half of male high-school students express their preference for a traditional, male-headed, one provider, nuclear family,

7、where the wife stays home as mother and housewife. And when male high-school students are asked what kinds of careers they would like to have, the only two job fields that consistently receive large numbers of responses in open surveys are “professional athlete” and “media personality”. A large prop

8、ortion of Americas young menone third or moresimply say they dont know what theyre going to do as adults. If these people do not acquire some constructive vision of purpose for themselves, they are likely to be very destructive forces of resistance in society throughout their lives. We already see t

9、hat. One recent estimate is that one-sixth of all fourteen- to twenty-four-year-olds in Americamostly malesare currently “disaffected and disconnected”.They are not associated with any formal role in society, nor are they in any formal relationship with another person. These are the folks who are jo

10、ining the gangs in inner cities and swelling the ranks of the rural military gangs. They see no roles for themselves in an Information Age society, and they are angry about their empty future.So this is a very pregnant moment, not only for the future of America, but also for all of the mature indust

11、rial economies and, ultimately, for the world at large. It is an uncertain moment, a scary moment. It is the kind of moment in history when, to summarize in the words of Alfred North Whitehead, familiar patterns fade, familiar solutions fail, and familiar options disappear. Of course, the books and

12、periodicals that are warning society about the removal of jobs, “the end of work”, and wage decreases only serve to increase public anxietya slow-motion variation of shouting “Fire!” in a crowded theater. These alarming forecasts are largely simple projections of the past two or three decades of wor

13、kplace trends. However, in the absence of plausible alternative explanations for the gloomy economic news of the past 15-20 years and the gloomier prospects implicit in the projections of those trends, industrial societiesfearful for the future might very well take backward steps.These steps will pr

14、incipally serve the interests of the economically dominant groups who want to protect their assets and resources from the forces of change. Nations that take such steps will lose balance. Social and economic progress will grind to a halt and more and more jobs will be eliminated by the negative side

15、 of this transformation. The anger and frustration displayed by people who do not understand what is happening to them will be a terrible and dangerous force in all the major industrial economies.2.人們惋惜過去的好時(shí)光的流逝。人們惋惜過去的好時(shí)光的流逝。 2. People lament the passing of the good old days. 1.我祖母總是談?wù)撍贻p時(shí)的好時(shí)光。我祖母總

16、是談?wù)撍贻p時(shí)的好時(shí)光。 1. My grandmother always talks about the good old days when she was young. the good old days: 過去的美好時(shí)光過去的美好時(shí)光英語多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序 口訣法 : “美小圓舊黃，法國木書美小圓舊黃，法國木書房房” two beautiful new green silk evening dress 兩件又新又漂亮的絲綢女士晚禮服 that hungry, tired, sleepy little match girl 那個(gè)饑餓、疲勞、困倦的賣火柴的小女孩 an old lar

17、ge brick dining hall 一個(gè)舊的紅磚砌的大餐廳但：“限定詞”包括：冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、或數(shù)詞，它位于各類形容詞前。它本身分為三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定詞有all、half、both、分?jǐn)?shù)和倍數(shù)；中位限定詞有冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞等；后位限定詞有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，但序數(shù)詞位于基數(shù)詞前。如:both my hands、all half his income等。 返回返回2. 向新的研究領(lǐng)域拓展或許是可能的。向新的研究領(lǐng)域拓展或許是可能的。2. Expansion into new areas of research might be possible. 1. 新工廠很大

18、新工廠很大,有地方可以擴(kuò)展。有地方可以擴(kuò)展。1. The new factory is large, to allow room for expansion.返回返回expansion: n. 2. 為了謹(jǐn)慎起見，我們還是再多安排為了謹(jǐn)慎起見，我們還是再多安排10分鐘分鐘吧。吧。2. Lets allow an extra ten minutes, just to play it safe. 1. 公共汽車可能會早到，所以為了保險(xiǎn)起見公共汽車可能會早到，所以為了保險(xiǎn)起見我們最好現(xiàn)在就動(dòng)身。我們最好現(xiàn)在就動(dòng)身。1. The bus might be early, so wed better pl

19、ay safe and leave now. play (it) safe: 返回返回the majority of :.的大部分/大多數(shù)”，相當(dāng)于most of.； a majority of :大部分/大多數(shù)的，相當(dāng)于most. E.g.The majority of Chinese people have television. 中國大多數(shù)人都有電視。 The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 這次的損害大部分容易補(bǔ)救。 A majority of Africans are forced to work for the Europeans

20、. 大多數(shù)非洲人都被迫為歐洲人工作。 Back蓋洛普民意測驗(yàn)Gallup Poll和哈利斯民意測驗(yàn)Harris Poll是歐美兩個(gè)公認(rèn)的較好的調(diào)查機(jī)構(gòu)。 蓋洛普民意測驗(yàn)蓋洛普民意測驗(yàn)是一種觀點(diǎn)的民意測驗(yàn)，它常常被各大媒體用于代表民意的一種表現(xiàn)方式。這種民意測試的特點(diǎn)是用簡單的隨機(jī)取樣法并且試圖把偏差度保持在最低。 哈里斯互動(dòng)的哈里斯民意測驗(yàn)哈里斯互動(dòng)的哈里斯民意測驗(yàn)廣為人知，這是進(jìn)行時(shí)間最長的獨(dú)立民意測驗(yàn)，采用的是先進(jìn)的在線市場調(diào)研方法。公司創(chuàng)立了世界上最大的被訪者研究小組哈里斯在線民意調(diào)查。哈里斯互動(dòng)通過北美、歐洲、亞洲的分公司以及獨(dú)立市場研究公司的全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)為世界各地的客戶提供服務(wù)。 返回返

21、回2. 孩子們的激動(dòng)是十分自然的，這是他們第孩子們的激動(dòng)是十分自然的，這是他們第一次出國。一次出國。2. No wonder the children are excited; this is the first time theyve been abroad. 1. 你吃這么多難怪睡不著。你吃這么多難怪睡不著。1. No wonder you cant sleep when you eat so much.no wonder: 返回返回1. 德里克這樣做純粹是出于貪婪。德里克這樣做純粹是出于貪婪。1. What motivates Derek is simply an unhealthy d

22、esire for more and more. 2. 他們這樣做是出于想幫助人的愿望。他們這樣做是出于想幫助人的愿望。2. They are motivated by a desire to help people. motivate: 返回返回2. 在天黑之前找到那個(gè)落難的孩子應(yīng)該是可在天黑之前找到那個(gè)落難的孩子應(yīng)該是可能的。能的。2. Theres a reasonable prospect of reaching the trapped child before it gets dark.1. 汽車工業(yè)前途看好。汽車工業(yè)前途看好。1. The prospects of the car

23、industry are spect: n. more字根字根spect, 意思為意思為“看見看見” spectacle n. 景象景象spectacular a. 壯觀的壯觀的 spectator n. 旁觀者旁觀者circumspect a. 慎重的慎重的 inspect v. 檢查檢查 introspect v. 內(nèi)省內(nèi)省 prospective a. 預(yù)期的預(yù)期的 respect v. 尊敬尊敬retrospect v. 回顧回顧 suspect v. 懷疑懷疑 返回返回2. 他辦事沒有條理，沒有效率他辦事沒有條理，沒有效率, 當(dāng)你需要他當(dāng)你需要他時(shí)總找不到他時(shí)總找

24、不到他 一句話一句話, 這個(gè)人沒治了。這個(gè)人沒治了。2. Hes disorganized, hes inefficient, and hes never there when you want him in short, the mans hopeless. 1. 財(cái)政情況糟透了：一句話，我們沒錢了。財(cái)政情況糟透了：一句話，我們沒錢了。1. Things couldnt be worse, financially: in short, we have no money. in short: 返回返回2.政府許諾要致力于維持和平政府許諾要致力于維持和平。2. The government ha

25、s promised to commit itself to keeping peace. 1. 我懂得整個(gè)過程，但是我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難記得住。我懂得整個(gè)過程，但是我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難記得住。1. I understand the process but find it very difficult to commit to memory. commit to (doing) sth: 返回返回2. 和軍隊(duì)生活相比，學(xué)校生活是舒適的。和軍隊(duì)生活相比，學(xué)校生活是舒適的。2. The life at school seems comfortable by comparison with that in the ar

26、my. 1. 倫敦最高的建筑與紐約的相比就相形見絀倫敦最高的建筑與紐約的相比就相形見絀了。了。1. The tallest buildings in London are small by comparison with those in New York. 返回返回by comparison: Nuclear family（核心家庭）指由一對夫妻及其子女組成，并且共同居住在同一屋檐下的家庭。核心家庭中的子女，無論是親生的還是收養(yǎng)的，在數(shù)量上并無限制。 Extended family（大家庭）則是由核心家庭成員及該家庭之外的成員組成的家庭，通常是幾代人共同生活在一起。返回返回2. 進(jìn)出口的比例

27、令政府擔(dān)憂。進(jìn)出口的比例令政府擔(dān)憂。2. The proportion of imports to exports is worrying the government.1. 這個(gè)國家的大部分地方是沙漠。這個(gè)國家的大部分地方是沙漠。1. A large proportion of the country is desert.返回返回proportion: n. 2. 如果你說不出什么建設(shè)性的話，我看你還如果你說不出什么建設(shè)性的話，我看你還是別說。是別說。2. If you dont have anything constructive to say, Id rather you keep qu

28、iet. 1. 她對我的作品進(jìn)行了建設(shè)性的評論她對我的作品進(jìn)行了建設(shè)性的評論-我從我從她那兒學(xué)到了很多東西。她那兒學(xué)到了很多東西。1. She criticized my writing but in a way that was very constructive I learned a lot from her. constructive: a. 字根字根struct-/stru-, 意思為意思為“建造建造” structure n. 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) construction n.建筑，建設(shè)建筑，建設(shè) destruction n. 破壞破壞reconstruction n. 重建重建 const

29、ructive a. 建設(shè)性的建設(shè)性的substructure n. 基礎(chǔ)工程基礎(chǔ)工程 superstructure n.上層建筑上層建筑返回返回1. 小時(shí)候小時(shí)候, 我曾想像自己是個(gè)王子。我曾想像自己是個(gè)王子。1. When I was a child, I had visions of being a prince.2. 人們戴眼鏡以改善視力。人們戴眼鏡以改善視力。2. People wear glasses to improve their vision.vision:返回返回2. 我可不想讓自己與任何政治言論有什么聯(lián)我可不想讓自己與任何政治言論有什么聯(lián)系。系。2. Id rather

30、not associate myself with any political statements. 1. 人們通常是不會把他和那位作者聯(lián)系在一人們通常是不會把他和那位作者聯(lián)系在一起的起的他們的風(fēng)格迥然不同。他們的風(fēng)格迥然不同。1. You wouldnt normally associate him with that writer their styles are completely different. associate with:返回返回2. 他也加入了失業(yè)的行列。他也加入了失業(yè)的行列。2. He joined the ranks of the unemployed, too.1

31、. 這個(gè)政黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)似乎正在失去普通黨員的這個(gè)政黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)似乎正在失去普通黨員的支持。支持。1. The party leadership seems to be losing the support of the ranks. rank:more2. 他被提升到上尉軍階。他被提升到上尉軍階。1. 這個(gè)展覽對各個(gè)階層的人士開放。這個(gè)展覽對各個(gè)階層的人士開放。 1. The exhibition is open to people of all ranks and classes. 2. He was promoted to the rank of captain.返回返回rank: n. 2. 逃

32、走的罪犯仍逍遙法外。逃走的罪犯仍逍遙法外。2. The escaped criminal is still at large.1. 基礎(chǔ)教育是重要問題，需要整個(gè)社會來討基礎(chǔ)教育是重要問題，需要整個(gè)社會來討論。論。1. Elementary education is an important issue that needs to be discussed by society at large. at large: 1. 返回返回2. 醫(yī)學(xué)檢查顯示嬰兒的心率不齊。醫(yī)學(xué)檢查顯示嬰兒的心率不齊。2. The medical tests showed some variation in the ba

33、bys heart rate.1. 他無休止的抱怨他無休止的抱怨,說來說去全是同一碼子事。說來說去全是同一碼子事。1. His endless complaints are all variations on the same thing. variation: n. 返回返回2. 據(jù)預(yù)測今年石油價(jià)格增長將低于據(jù)預(yù)測今年石油價(jià)格增長將低于2%。2. Oil prices are forecast to increase by less than 2% this year. 1. 根據(jù)天氣預(yù)報(bào)，明天是晴天。根據(jù)天氣預(yù)報(bào)，明天是晴天。1. According to the weather forecast, it will be sunny tomorrow. forecast:more前綴前綴fore-, 意思為意思為“在在之前之前” forearm n. 前臂前臂forefather n. 祖先祖先forefinger n. 食指食指foregoing a. 前述的前述的 foreground n. 前景前景 forehead n. 前額前額 foreman n. 工頭工頭 foremost a.