直接引語和間接引語語法

1、直接引語和間接引語直接引語和間接引語（Direct Speech and Indirect SpeechDirect Speech and Indirect Speech） 直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語一般前后要加引號(hào)，間接引語不用引號(hào)。例如：Mr Black said, “Im busy.” 布萊克先生說：“我很忙?！保ㄖ苯右Z）Mr Black said that he was busy.布萊克先生說他很忙。（間接引語）1 陳述句（陳述句（Statements） 直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，用連詞t

2、hat 引導(dǎo)（that 在口語中常省略），從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等要作響應(yīng)的變化。在這一方面，漢語和英語有許多相似之處，因此在做直接引語和間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)時(shí)，要特別注意句子的意義。1) 人稱的變化人稱的變化(1) He said, “I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much. （2） He said to me, “I broke your CD player.” He told me that he had broken my CD player.2) 時(shí)態(tài)的變化時(shí)態(tài)的變化一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

3、一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí) He said,”Im afraid I cant finished the work.” He said that he was afraid he couldt finished the work.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)He said, “Im using the knife.” He said that he was using the knife.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)She said, “Ive not heard from him since May.” She said that she had not heard f

4、rom him since May.一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)He said, “I came to help you.” He said that he had come to help me.過去完成時(shí)不變過去完成時(shí)不變 He said, “I had finshed my homework before supper.”He said that he had finshed his homework before supper.一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí) 過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)She said , “ Ill do it after class.”She said that sh

5、e would do it after class.3) 指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞的變化指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞的變化 this that（這個(gè)（這個(gè)那個(gè)）那個(gè)） She said, “Ill finsh the work this morning.” She said that she would finsh the work that morning. these those（這些（這些那些）那些） He said, “These books are mine.” He said that those books were his. now then（這時(shí)（這時(shí)那時(shí)）那

6、時(shí)） He said, “ Its nine oclock now.” He said that it was nine oclock then. today that day（今天（今天那天）那天） He said, “I havent seen her today.” He said that he hadnt seen her that day. yesterday the day before（昨天（昨天前一前一天）天） She said, “ I went there yesterday.” She said that she had gone there the day befor

7、e.tomorrow the next/following day（明天（明天第二天）第二天）She said, “ Ill go there tomorrow.”She said that she would go there the next / following day.ago before（以前）（以前）She said, “He left 30 minutes ago.”She told me that he had left 30 minutes before. here there（這里（這里那里）那里）He said, “My sister was here one week

8、 ago.”He said that his sister had been there one week e go（來（來去）去）She said, “Ill come here this evening.”She said that she would go there that evening.2 疑問句（疑問句（Questions） 直接引語如果是疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，要把疑問句語序改為陳述句語序（主語在謂語前面），句末用逗號(hào)，主語的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和狀語等也要作相應(yīng)的變化。一般疑問句：一般疑問句：直接引語如果是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，要用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)。主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞

9、是said時(shí)，要改為asked。沒有間接賓語的，可以加一個(gè)間接賓語（me, him或us等）。如：He asked, “Are you interested in English?”He asked (me) if I was interested in English.He said, “Did you see him last night?”He asked (me) whether I had seen him the night before. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句：直接引語如果是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，仍用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。并且變疑問語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z 序，改問號(hào)為句號(hào)。引述的動(dòng)詞常

10、用ask, want to know, wonder 等。如：“What can I do for you?” he asked meHe asked (me) what he could do for me. He asked, “Where does she live?”He asked where she lived.Mary asked him, “Why do you always come so late?”Mary wanted to know why he always came so late.注意：注意：以Shall I /we或Will/Would/Could開頭的疑問句

11、變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，往往要根據(jù)意思靈活轉(zhuǎn)述。表示請(qǐng)求、勸告時(shí)，常用“ask+賓語+不定式”，即：ask sb. to do sth.表示提出幫助時(shí)，常用“offer+不定式”，即：offer to do sth. e.g. “Will you help me with my homework?” he asked Richard. He asked Richard to help him with his homework. “Shall I bring you some tea?” he asked me. He offered to bring me some tea.3祈使句（祈使句（Imp

12、eratives） 轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)句子的意思加上tell, ask, order等動(dòng)詞，如果祈使句為否定式，在不定式的前面加not。即：tell/ask/order sb.(not) to do sth.例如： She said to us, “Please sit down.” She asked us to sit down. 。 He said to him, “Go away!” He ordered him to go away. Mother said to me, “ Come back before 10: 00.” Mother told me to come back before 10:00. He said, “ Dont make so much noise, boys.” He told the boys not to make so much noise. 注意：注意：（1）直接引語如果是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.” He said that light travels much faster t