小學(xué)英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)策略

1、 （一）什么是閱讀理解？ （二）閱讀的目的 （三）閱讀任務(wù)分類(lèi) 閱讀理解是一個(gè)心理過(guò)程。一個(gè)信息以文字符號(hào)為載體（圖像也可），通過(guò)閱讀過(guò)程傳遞，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，頭腦經(jīng)過(guò)接收分析和猜想，把信息恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)，這就是閱讀理解過(guò)程。 一是獲取信息（Reading for information）如閱讀有關(guān)的新聞、資料、說(shuō)明書(shū)等; 二是娛樂(lè)消遣（Reading for pleasure or reading for fun ）如讀小說(shuō)散文、故事、童話等； 三是學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言（Reading for languge ）母語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)，外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí) 一類(lèi)活動(dòng)的任務(wù)是擴(kuò)大輸入、閱讀欣賞； 另一類(lèi)活動(dòng)的任務(wù)是針對(duì)性地訓(xùn)練閱讀技巧。這

2、些技巧包括預(yù)測(cè)所讀內(nèi)容、抓主題大意、抓特定細(xì)節(jié)、根據(jù)上下文猜詞義、推斷隱含意義等。 1、智力水平 2、生理、心理?xiàng)l件 3、興趣和性格 4、文化背景 5、語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ) （一）學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)狀 （二）教師的教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀 1、閱讀興趣不高；看不懂閱讀材料 ；恐懼和不安 2、沒(méi)有合理有效的閱讀方法；效率低下 1) 閱讀的速度和效率 2) 缺少根據(jù)上下文線索猜測(cè)詞義的能力 3) 缺乏一定的英語(yǔ)文化知識(shí)了解。 3、課堂閱讀時(shí)間有限； 課外使用英語(yǔ)的面比較狹小 教學(xué)方法單一枯燥； 過(guò)多地講解生詞，過(guò)分地重視詞匯和語(yǔ)法的教學(xué)，而忽視了閱讀技巧和方法的訓(xùn)練。 1、能認(rèn)讀所學(xué)詞語(yǔ) 2、能根據(jù)拼讀規(guī)律，讀出簡(jiǎn)單的單詞 3、能

3、讀懂教材中簡(jiǎn)短的要求和指令 4、能看懂賀卡等所表達(dá)的簡(jiǎn)單信息 5、能借助圖片讀懂簡(jiǎn)單的故事或小短文， 并養(yǎng)成按意群閱讀的習(xí)慣 6、能正確朗讀所學(xué)故事或短文 1. 讀是四種技能之一，學(xué)生綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的形成離不開(kāi)閱讀能力的培養(yǎng)。 2. 閱讀是擴(kuò)大語(yǔ)言輸入量的有效途徑。從聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)四項(xiàng)行為來(lái)看，單位時(shí)間內(nèi)接受信息量最多的行為是閱讀。 3. 鞏固學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)，如：詞匯、語(yǔ)法、交際用語(yǔ)等。 4. 有趣的閱讀材料還能給人帶來(lái)樂(lè)趣。 5. 通過(guò)閱讀可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生相應(yīng)的學(xué)習(xí)策略。 （一） 課始整合教材 1、創(chuàng)編教材 2、結(jié)合圖片 3、貼近生活 （二） 課中感知內(nèi)容，練做結(jié)合 1、聽(tīng)力入手、知其大意 2、掃讀生詞

4、、消除障礙 3、練做結(jié)合、由易到難 （1） 瀏覽后相繼提問(wèn)，目標(biāo)名確 （2）注意提問(wèn)的時(shí)間差 (3) 提問(wèn)須面向全體 （4）問(wèn)題不能過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單 （1） 結(jié)合TPR，動(dòng)中學(xué)詞 （2）結(jié)合圖片，形象識(shí)詞 (3) 聯(lián)系上下文猜測(cè)詞義 根據(jù)不同的教材設(shè)計(jì)不同的練習(xí)類(lèi)型； 練習(xí)難度要層層遞進(jìn)，由易到難 The traffic lights are the same in every country. There are always three lights: red, yellow and green. Red means “Stop”. Yellow means “ Wait”, and green

5、means “ Go”. In China, drivers drive on the right side of the road. In the US, drivers drive on the right side, too. In England and Australia, however, drivers drive on the left side of the road. If you go by car, by bike or on foot, you must know the traffic rules. There are always three lights in

6、every country: red, yellow and green. ( ) Yellow light means “ Go”. ( ) In China, drivers drive on the right side of the road. ( ) In the US, drivers drive on the left side. ( ) We dont need to know the traffic rules. ( ) Red means ( ) A: Go B: Stop C: Wait How many traffic lights are there in a cou

7、ntry? ( ) A: One B: Two C: Three In England, drivers drive on the ( ) side of the road. A: right B： left What s the text about? _ If you go on foot, what must you do? _ Whats the difference when people drive in China and England? _（三） 課尾拓展運(yùn)用、提升閱讀 1、 復(fù)述 2、表演課文 3、縮寫(xiě)、改寫(xiě) 一讀知大意 【課例1】視聽(tīng)整體呈現(xiàn) Im Tim. When I

8、 grow up Im going to be a pilot. A pilot flies planes. I love flying, and I want to fly in the sky. Im Lucy. Im going to be a vet when I grow up. A vet is a doctor for animals. I love animals, and I want to look after them. Im Bob. My dad is a dentist. He looks after peoples teeth. But Im not going

9、to be a dentist when I grow up. Im going to be a cook. I love food. I want to make delicious food. Im Candy. Im going to be a teacher when I grow up. I really like my teacher, Miss Miller. I want to be a teacher, too. I want to teach children English. T: What are they talking? 課例課例2 The lion and the

10、 mouse There is a lion. He is very strong. He likes eating the small animals. Milly, the little mouse comes. Look, she is biting the net. “Ha ha, I am coming.” Lion is hungry! Milly is afraid, “Help! Help!” The lion let him go. Milly is a mouse. She is small. She likes playing. Oh! Lion is in the ne

11、t! He is very sad, “Help! Help! Who can help me? ”Now, Lion and small animals are good friends. They play together. They are very happy. T: What animals are there in the story? 二、讀掃生詞二、讀掃生詞 課例1中，進(jìn)入掃生詞環(huán)節(jié)后，教師說(shuō)：Read the text quickly and underline the new words.然后教師叫學(xué)生把找出來(lái)的生詞寫(xiě)在黑板上。學(xué)生從短文中找出 grow up, vet,

12、 pilot, fly, dentist, teeth, delicious等等，這些生詞中有一部分是一些基礎(chǔ)較好的學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)，教師提問(wèn)：Who knows these words? 幾個(gè)學(xué)生紛紛舉手回答自己認(rèn)識(shí)的生詞，如grow up, fly, teeth,等。剩下幾個(gè)生詞，教師再做一些講解：A pilot flies planes. A vet is a doctor for animals. A dentist looks after peoples teeth. 課例2中，教師要求學(xué)生Read silently, underline the new words.在學(xué)生選出strong，

13、hungry，net，sad，bite，together等生詞后，教師提出解決生詞的兩個(gè)辦法a. Guess with pictures .b. Guess the meaning in the context.學(xué)生根據(jù)插圖猜出net是網(wǎng)的意思、bite是咬的意思，strong，hungry，sad，together等生詞根據(jù)上下文和老師的動(dòng)作及講解弄懂了其含義。 三、讀練辨析三、讀練辨析 【課例【課例3】The Bakers Mr. and Mrs. Baker have a nice family. They have three children, Amy, Peter and Tom.

14、 Amy and Peter go to the same school. In the morning, they have different classes, English, Maths Art and P.E. In the afternoon, they read books at the library. In the evening, they do homework or watch TV. After that, they like to play with Tom. When mum is busy, they change the diaper for Tom. On

15、weekends, they like to go out. Sometimes they go to the zoo to see animals. Sometimes they play ball games in the park. They always have a good time. 教師在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生第三遍閱讀這段語(yǔ)篇時(shí)，提出了四個(gè)是非題：教師在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生第三遍閱讀這段語(yǔ)篇時(shí)，提出了四個(gè)是非題： 1) Mr. and Mrs. Baker have a nice family. T 2) They have four children. F 3)Amy and Peter go to

16、 the same school. T 4) On weekends, they dont like to go out. F 課例1中， 教師在這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)是這樣安排的。 Read again and answer ( Yes or No ) a. Tim is going to be a pilot. ( Yes ) b. Lucy loves animals. ( Yes ) c. Bobs father is a dentist. He wants to be a dentist, too. ( No ) d. Candy likes her teacher Miss Miller. (

17、Yes ) 四、讀明細(xì)節(jié)四、讀明細(xì)節(jié) a. What classes do Amy and Peter have in the morning? b. Where do they like to go on weekends? Subjects Places EnglishparkChineseMathssupermarketArtMusiczooP.E. 教師還設(shè)計(jì)了四個(gè)選擇題，來(lái)檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇細(xì)節(jié)掌握的程度。 1) Amy and Peter have _ classes in the morning. A. three B. four 2)In the afternoon, they r

18、ead books _. A. at the library B. at home 3) Tom is a _. A. baby B. boy 4) They _ in the zoo. A. see animals B. play ball games 【課例4】 Daily Life Hello, my friends! Im an Olympic volunteer. I work for Olympic Games. I get up at five oclock. I brush my teeth and wash my face. I have breakfast at half

19、past five. For breakfast, I like eggs and milk. I go to the Birds Nest（鳥(niǎo)巢體育館） at six oclock. Then, I begin to work. I clean the chairs. I sweep the floor. I carry the boxes. I act as Fuwa. And I say “Hooray” to the winners. I go home at twelve oclock at night. I write a diary every day. Im tired. Bu

20、t Im very happy. Im proud. Im a volunteer! 1、Look and match! I get up at 5:30. I have breakfast at 6:00. I go to the Birds Nest at 12:00 at night. I go home at 5:00. 2、Fill in the blanks! Im an Olympic volunteer. I get up at five oclock in the morning. I _ the chairs, sweep the _, carry the _, and _

21、 as Fuwa in the daytime. I go home at twelve oclock at night. Im_. But Im very _. 【課例5】 School life 這是一篇介紹中英小學(xué)生學(xué)校生活的語(yǔ)篇，在安排細(xì)節(jié)閱讀時(shí)教師提出四個(gè)問(wèn)題，讓學(xué)生帶著問(wèn)題閱讀。 Q1: How do the children sit ? Q2: What do the children do? Q3: When do the children start school? Q4: When do the children finish school?They (English ch

22、ildren) We (Chinese children) sit around tables sit in lines sing songs together every morning do morning exercises every morning start school at 9 oclock start school at 8 oclock finish school at half past 3 finish school at 4 oclock 五、閱讀拓展五、閱讀拓展 課例課例1中教師設(shè)計(jì)了兩個(gè)拓展任務(wù)：中教師設(shè)計(jì)了兩個(gè)拓展任務(wù)： Free talk. T: Candy

23、is going to be a teacher. How about you? What are you going to be when you grow up? Why? Group work: Talk about your dreams with your classmates: When I grow up, Im going to be a I want to 課例5中，教師設(shè)計(jì)的拓展任務(wù)是閱讀網(wǎng)頁(yè)上面英國(guó)學(xué)生的學(xué)校生活。 1、Watch a video about an English school. Read a passage from an English pupils

24、blog and then take a quiz. 【課例6】Friends 學(xué)生在完成細(xì)節(jié)閱讀之后，教師設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)書(shū)面的拓展作業(yè)，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)樣本寫(xiě)給筆友一封電子郵件。 Write an e-mail to your pen friend. T: Do you want to be Carlys friend? Please write an e-mail to her. I have an example for you. (CAI) Example: Dear Carly, My name is . Im years old. There are people in my family. My father likes . My