替代詞one, ones, that, those, it, this, that講解[整理]

1、 替代詞one和ones 替代詞one和ones可用來(lái)代替前面已出現(xiàn)過(guò)的可數(shù)名詞，以避免重復(fù)，可以指人，也可以指物。one代替單數(shù)名詞，ones代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 one和ones用來(lái)代替可數(shù)名詞，具有泛指概念。 I have a bike. Do you have one? 我有一輛自行車(chē)，你有嗎? I have two pens, a red one and a blue one. 我有兩支鋼筆，一支紅鋼筆和一支藍(lán)鋼筆。 one=a bike,是泛指。這里不能用it代替a bike，因it=the bike，是特指。當(dāng)one被定語(yǔ)修飾而仍是泛指性質(zhì)時(shí)，前面要加不定冠詞a或an。 當(dāng)one和on

2、es被定語(yǔ)修飾，表示特指時(shí)，前面用定冠詞。 Which one? The one in the white car. These new English books are different from the old ones. 這些新英語(yǔ)書(shū)與那些舊英語(yǔ)書(shū)不同。 Which windows? The ones in the classroom. one前面可以加this或that。構(gòu)成this one和that one，而ones前面不能用these或those，但當(dāng)ones前面有形容詞修飾時(shí)，可以用these或those。如： This apple is red, but that one

3、 is yellow。 這只蘋(píng)果是紅色的，但那只是黃色的。 These white coats are Li Pings and those blue ones are Li Dongs. 這些白外套是李平的，那些藍(lán)色的外套是李冬的。替代詞替代詞one, ones, that, those, it, this, that1)one, ones, that, thoseThat替換替換單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；one只只替換替換單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞。Eg: The vase on the left is more beautiful than _ on the r

4、ight.The coffee produced in Brazil is more famous than _in Mexico.the onethatThat只用于替換表示只用于替換表示事物事物的名的名詞，詞， 而而one/ones替換表示替換表示人人和和表示表示事物事物的名詞皆可。的名詞皆可。Eg: His younger sister is taller than the elder _.I need the plastic bags, not the paper_ .oneonesThat/ those一般不帶前置定語(yǔ)，但必須有后置定語(yǔ)。一般不帶前置定語(yǔ)，但必須有后置定語(yǔ)。One/o

5、nes都可。當(dāng)替換詞的后置定語(yǔ)用所有格的都可。當(dāng)替換詞的后置定語(yǔ)用所有格的of短語(yǔ)或當(dāng)替換詞被所有格修飾時(shí)，不用短語(yǔ)或當(dāng)替換詞被所有格修飾時(shí)，不用one/ones而而用用that of/those of. Eg: I like the vase better than _in another shop.The windows of your flat are cleaner than_of mine. A grandparents job is easier than_of a parent.The computers in our school are connected to the In

6、ternet while_in their school arent.the one / thatthosethatthoseThat/ those用于替換有定冠詞的名詞；用于替換有定冠詞的名詞；one/ones用于替換有不定冠詞的名詞。用于替換有不定冠詞的名詞。Eg: The style of the building is similar to _of a temple.A CD player made in Japan costs more than _made in China.thatone2) it, this和和 that都可以替代前文已提到的事或情況，細(xì)微差別在都可以替代前文已

7、提到的事或情況，細(xì)微差別在于于it不如其余兩者那么強(qiáng)調(diào)。不如其余兩者那么強(qiáng)調(diào)。Eg: So she decided to paint the door pink. _upset the neighbours a bit.So she decided to paint the house pink. _really upset the neighbours.ItThat當(dāng)前面提到的事物不止一件時(shí)，當(dāng)前面提到的事物不止一件時(shí)， it通常指最先提到通常指最先提到的事物，而的事物，而this/that是指最后提到的事物。是指最后提到的事物。Eg: We keep the ice cream machi

8、ne in the spare room. _is mainly used by the children. (指指 the machine) We keep the ice cream machine in the spare room. _is mainly used by the children. (指指the spare room)ItThis/ThatThis可以出現(xiàn)在它所指代的事物之前；而可以出現(xiàn)在它所指代的事物之前；而that則則指上文所提到的事物。指上文所提到的事物。Eg: Listen to_! We will have three days off. “A penny s

9、aved is a penny earned.” Who said_?thisthatEg: I bought a dictionary three years ago and I am still using_ now.I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new _soon.It用以指特定的前面提到過(guò)的事物，即：用以指特定的前面提到過(guò)的事物，即：it和和它替換的是同一個(gè)事物，它替換的是同一個(gè)事物，it前無(wú)修飾語(yǔ)；而前無(wú)修飾語(yǔ)；而one用于替換與前提事物有共同之處但并不完用于替換與前提事物有共同之處但并不完

10、全一樣的事物，因此，全一樣的事物，因此，one之前或之后一定有之前或之后一定有修飾語(yǔ)來(lái)加以區(qū)別。修飾語(yǔ)來(lái)加以區(qū)別。3) It和和one itone It引起的幾個(gè)易混淆的時(shí)間句型引起的幾個(gè)易混淆的時(shí)間句型 It + be + 時(shí)間時(shí)間 + since-clause 這個(gè)句型表示從這個(gè)句型表示從since 從從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生以后到現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去所經(jīng)過(guò)的一段時(shí)間句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生以后到現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去所經(jīng)過(guò)的一段時(shí)間，意為，意為“自從自從.以來(lái)已多久了以來(lái)已多久了” It is three years since his father passed away . It + be + 時(shí)間時(shí)間 + before-

11、clause 這個(gè)句型中的時(shí)間一般為表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)這個(gè)句型中的時(shí)間一般為表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ) (如：如：a a long time , months , weeks , days ,hours , minutes ) ，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式，意為，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式，意為“過(guò)多過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才.”。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定式時(shí)，意為。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定式時(shí)，意為“沒(méi)過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就沒(méi)過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就.”。主句的時(shí)態(tài)可用過(guò)去時(shí)。主句的時(shí)態(tài)可用過(guò)去時(shí)was或?qū)?lái)時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)will be；用；用was 時(shí)，時(shí)，before從句的動(dòng)詞用一般從句的動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；用過(guò)去時(shí)；用will be 時(shí)，

12、時(shí)，before從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 她沒(méi)過(guò)多久就背會(huì)了那些詩(shī)歌。她沒(méi)過(guò)多久就背會(huì)了那些詩(shī)歌。 It was _she learned those poems by heart . 過(guò)了很久警察才來(lái)。過(guò)了很久警察才來(lái)。It was _the police arrived . 要過(guò)好幾個(gè)小時(shí)他才會(huì)作出決定。要過(guò)好幾個(gè)小時(shí)他才會(huì)作出決定。 It _hours before he makes a decision . 要不了幾個(gè)小時(shí)我們還會(huì)再見(jiàn)面的。要不了幾個(gè)小時(shí)我們還會(huì)再見(jiàn)面的。 _before meet again . not long beforelong beforewi

13、ll beIt will not be hours 3. It + be + 時(shí)間時(shí)間 + when-clause 這個(gè)句型中這個(gè)句型中, it 指時(shí)間，而且表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)指時(shí)間，而且表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)前沒(méi)有介詞前沒(méi)有介詞(時(shí)間一般為具體時(shí)間時(shí)間一般為具體時(shí)間)。主句中的。主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)上一般謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)上一般是一致的，主句是是一致的，主句是will be，when從句用一般從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。It was already 8 oclock when we got home .It was the next morning w

14、hen we finished our work .It will be midnight when they get there . It + be + 時(shí)間時(shí)間 + that-clause 這個(gè)句型是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)句型是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。例如：句型。例如： It was two years ago that he made animportant invention . (原句是：原句是：_)It was at 5 oclock that he practised playing the violin in the morning . (原句是：原句是：_) 比較：比較：It was 5 ocloc

15、k when he started in the morning . (5 oclock前沒(méi)有介詞，這是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從前沒(méi)有介詞，這是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句句) He made an important invention two years ago . He practised playing the violin at 5 oclock in the morning . It + be + time + that-clause這個(gè)句型屬虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，不管主句中用的是這個(gè)句型屬虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，不管主句中用的是 is 或或 was ，that從句都須用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式或從句都須用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式或should + 動(dòng)詞原

16、型動(dòng)詞原型(但不及用過(guò)去式普通但不及用過(guò)去式普通)，在，在time之前有時(shí)可加上之前有時(shí)可加上high或或about 以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。例如：例如： It is time(that)we handed in our exercises .(= It is time that we should hand in ourexercises .) It is high time (that ) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend . It / This / That + the first(second , third ) time + that-clause

17、這個(gè)句型表示截止到說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)為止的某人的一種這個(gè)句型表示截止到說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)為止的某人的一種經(jīng)歷，關(guān)鍵是注意經(jīng)歷，關(guān)鍵是注意time前有序數(shù)詞，主句是前有序數(shù)詞，主句是 is 時(shí)時(shí) ，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果主句用一般過(guò)，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)去時(shí)was ，則從句須相應(yīng)地用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。，則從句須相應(yīng)地用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：例如： This is the first time (that) these Europeans _the Great Wall . It was the fifth time (that) I _a friendly visit to Africa . had pai

18、dhave visited There起始的句型歸納：起始的句型歸納： 1） there live/stand/lie/exist There lay a ditch two metres wide ahead.2) There come/go/appear/occur/follow用于用于描述某事的發(fā)生或某個(gè)動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始。描述某事的發(fā)生或某個(gè)動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始。Eg: There will follow a break of 10 minutes and then we will go on with the lecture.3) There being（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）Eg: Ther

19、e being nothing left in the fridge, we had to do some shopping first.4) there to be結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)于動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)于動(dòng)詞intend, mean, consider, hate, want等詞后。等詞后。Eg: No one would expect there to be a war in his country. I dont want there to be another accident like this. 結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：It+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞be+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who(whom)/that+其其他部分他部分it可

20、以用來(lái)對(duì)句子的某一成分加以強(qiáng)調(diào)?？梢杂脕?lái)對(duì)句子的某一成分加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。It 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句 Eg: Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo last week. It was Nancy who saw your sister in Tokyo last week. It was your sister whom Nancy saw in Tokyo last week. It was in Tokyo that Nancy saw your sister last week. It was last week that Nancy saw your sister in

21、 Tokyo.有些否定句也可以改成這種強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：有些否定句也可以改成這種強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：It wasnt until last summer that I heard from her. I didnt do all this for myself. It wasnt for myself that I did all this.問(wèn)句也可變成這種結(jié)構(gòu)：?jiǎn)柧湟部勺兂蛇@種結(jié)構(gòu)：Who called him “comrade”?Who was it that called him “comrade”?How did you forget to lock the door?How was it that y

22、ou forgot to lock the door?Ex:把下列句子改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句：把下列句子改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句：1.Tom broke the window last night.2. They want money.3. Peter saw his friend in the park yesterday.4. I didnt have an opportunity of seeing her again for several years. 5. Why does everyone think Im narrow-minded?6. I didnt receive my letter until

23、yesterday?7. Did Dick call the meeting last week?8. Did it happen in 1980? Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder , but _ didnt help . A. he B. which C. she D. it As _ happens , I have brought my umbrella with me . A. it B. this C. that D. such 3. _has already been pointed out , gra