高中英語語法-虛擬語氣全總結(jié)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中從句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If + 主語+助動(dòng)詞的過去式（were, did, had）主語+ should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If +主語+had+過去分詞主語+should/would/could/might +have+過去分詞If you had taken my advice, you

2、 would not have failed in the exam.與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) If+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式 If+主語+were to+動(dòng)詞原形 If+主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形(注意不能是would)主語+ should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.If he should not come tomorrow, we should put of

3、f the meeting till next Monday.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句:當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.if省略句在條件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，變成倒裝句式。如：If I were at s

4、chool again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我還有上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.如果你來得早點(diǎn)，你就能趕上公共汽車。If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would n

5、ot go climbing.如果明天下雨的話，我們就不能登山去了。用介詞代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有with, without, but for。如：What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)如果你有100萬元，你會(huì)做什么？We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadnt got your help)沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。Without your help,

6、we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help, = If it had not been for your help, = Had it not been for you help, 沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。含蓄條件句有時(shí)在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過其他手段來代替條件句。如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副詞)He telephoned t

7、o inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (連詞)A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. (定語從句)I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (連詞)Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly. (獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))even

8、 if, even though也可用于虛擬語氣，其形式與if 從句在虛擬語氣中的形式相同。 習(xí)題1. If my lawyerhere last Saturday, heme from going.A. had been, would have preventedB. had been, would preventC. were, would preventD. were, would have prevented2. If itfor the snow, wethe mountain yesterday.A. were not, could have climbedB. were not,

9、 could climbC. had not been, could have climbedD. had not been, could climb3. Without electricity(電) human lifequite difficult today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be4. I didnt see your sister at the meeting, if she, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had

10、come5. When the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken6. He hesitated(猶豫) for a moment before kicking(踢) the ball. Otherwise hea goal.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored7. right now, she would get ther

11、e on Sunday.A. Would she leaveB. If she leavesC. Were she to leaveD. If she had left8. Had he worked harder, hethe exam.A. must have got throughB. would have got throughC. would get throughD. could get through9. He must have had an accident, or hethen.A. would have been hereB. had to be hereC. shoul

12、d be hereD. would be here10. for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A. Not beingB. Had it not beenC. Without beingD. Not having been11. We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise wehim.A. would have calledB. must have telephonedC. would telephoneD. had telephoned虛擬語氣(1)復(fù)習(xí)題1.He you mo

13、re help, even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give2. for your laziness(懶惰), you could have finished the assignment(任務(wù)) by now.A. Had it not been B. It were not C. werent it D. Had not it been3.If I hadnt stood under the ladder(梯子) to catch you when

14、you fell, you now.A. wouldnt be smiling B. couldnt have smiled C. wont smile D. didnt smile4.If it Professor Johnsons recommendation(推薦), I wouldnt have been admitted to the graduate school(研究生學(xué)院).A. were not for B. had not been for C. were not D. had it not been5.If we do not develop a new kind of

15、car, air pollution even more dangerous.A. should have become B. will become C. would have become D. must have become6.But for the stormy weather, we earlier.A. should arrive B. shall arrive C. should have arrived D. shall have arrived7.If we their terms(條款，條件), we would go bankrupt(破產(chǎn)).A. accept B.

16、should accept C. had accepted D. are to accept8.John would never have gone to the hospital that Tom would be there, too.A. he did not know B. if had he known C. had he known D. he would have known9.Had he been more careful, he that accident.A. would avoid B. would have avoided C. avoided D. should a

17、void10.But that he came to help me, I there earlier.A. could not arrive B. could not have arrived C. did not arrive D. can not arrive11.She could look more attractive(有魅力的，吸引人的) but she no attention to her clothes.A. pays B. was paying C. paid D. had paid12.If I in his place, I would do that, too.A.

18、 was B. were C. am D. had been虛擬語氣(2)虛擬語氣在名詞從句中1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、愿望等動(dòng)詞或其同根詞引出的名詞從句中，名詞從句虛擬句的謂語變化的形式只有一條規(guī)律名詞從句虛擬句無論其主句的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)何種形式，從句的謂語形式均為should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可以省去。（特別提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常見的這類動(dòng)詞有: ask要求, advise, beg, suggest建議, command

19、命令, demand要求，request請(qǐng)求, insist, require要求, order下令, propose, advice, recommend, intend, prefer寧愿, permit, persuade, expect, decide決定, instruct, object, determine, urge, appoint等等Our teacher suggested that we (should) not leave the classroom. 老師建議我們不要離開教室。He insisted that she do it right now. 他堅(jiān)持她馬上就

20、做。在It is/was +上述動(dòng)詞的-ed形式+that從句中It is suggested by the doctor that I should give up smoking. 醫(yī)生建議我戒煙。當(dāng)上述動(dòng)詞以其名詞形式出現(xiàn)，并且被用作主語，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語從句或者同位語從句時(shí)My suggestion is that we (should) set out tomorrow morning. 我建議我們明早動(dòng)身。The suggestion that the sports meeting (should) put off 2. 在It is /was necessary, important

21、等形容詞+that從句中，常見的這類形容詞有:necessary, important, essential, vital, advisable, urgent, desirable, natural, strange, imperative等It is necessary that you should attend the meeting. 你有必要參加會(huì)議。It is imperative that you arrive there in time. 你必須按時(shí)到達(dá)那兒。在It is a pity (a shame, no wonder)+that從句中It is a pity that

22、 you fail the exam.It is no wonder he be late for class.練習(xí)題1.I insist that a doctor immediately.A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for2.The manager of the hotel requests(要求) that their guests(客人們) after 11:00 p.m.A. not to play loud music B. shouldnt play loud music C.

23、dont play loud music D. couldnt play loud music3.Mikes uncle insists in this hotel.A. staying not B. not to stay C. that he would not stay D. that he not stay4.It was essential(重要的) that the application forms(申請(qǐng)表) back before the headline(截止日期).A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sen

24、t 5.It is necessary the dictionary immediately.A. that he will return B. that he returned C. that he return D. that he has to return6.It is proposed(建議) that the matter(事情，事件) discussed at the next meeting.A. will be B. was C. would be D. be7.It is politely requested by the hotel manager that radios

25、 after 11 oclock at night.A. were not played B. not be played C. not to play D. did not play8.We are all for your proposal that the discussion .A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to put off9.I dont think it advisable(明智的，可取的，適當(dāng)?shù)? that Tom to the job since he has no experience.A. is

26、 assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned10.It is essential(必要的，重要的) that the books you borrowed from the library back before the deadline(截止日期).A. be sent B. would be sent C. were sent D. must be sent11.He insisted that his father with them.A. go B. will go C. will be going

27、D. went12.The workers demanded() that their wages() by 20 percent.A. raised B. raise C. should have been raised D. be raised13.At the meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new bridge over the river.A. be built B. must be built C. was to be built D. had to be built虛擬語氣(3)虛擬語氣的其他用法在wish后

28、面的賓語從句中對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)I wish I were a little younger.我希望我能夠年輕一點(diǎn)。對(duì)過去的虛擬，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)(had done)或“would/could+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”I wish I had been there. 我真希望我當(dāng)時(shí)在那里。I wish I had not attended that party. 我真希望我當(dāng)時(shí)沒參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)。對(duì)將來的虛擬，從句的謂語用“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形”I wish he could explain what he means.在if only感嘆句中表示“但愿”，“要是就好了

29、”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩。If only the rain would stop. (對(duì)將來的虛擬)但愿雨能停。If only I were taller. (對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬)我的個(gè)子要是能高一點(diǎn)就好了。If only I had followed your advice! (對(duì)過去的虛擬)要是我聽從了你的建議就好了！在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句中表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑，謂語用過去時(shí)I really dont like the way you are speaking to me. It seems as if you were

30、my father. 我真的非常討厭你和我說話的方式。你聽起來就好像是我爸爸。表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語用過去完成時(shí)He kept telling us what had happened as if he had been there himself. 他不停地和我們講發(fā)生的事情，好像他當(dāng)時(shí)在場(chǎng)一樣。有時(shí)也用陳述語氣，這時(shí)表示較大的真實(shí)性或可能性It is becoming dark. It looks as if its going to rain. 天變黑了，似乎就要下雨了。It seems as if he had been to America. 他好像去過美國(guó)。在would rath

31、er結(jié)構(gòu)中would rather do sth. 表示將來或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語寧愿自己做某事”I would rather go there tomorrow. 我想明天去那里。He would rather not stay at home tonight. 他今晚不想在家呆著。would rather have done sth. 表示過去的事件，“主語寧愿自己過去做了某事，但實(shí)際上沒有做”She would rather not have gone to the party. 她覺得真是不該去參加那個(gè)晚會(huì)。would rather sb. Did 表示的是將來或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語寧愿讓

32、另外一個(gè)人做某事” Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend. 明天就別來了，我希望你下周末過來。would rather sb. had done 表示過去的事件，“主語寧愿別人過去做了某事，但實(shí)際上沒有做” I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. 我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。在 It is (about, high) time+(that)從句中從句中用過去時(shí)，表示早該做而未做的事，并含有建議的意味。It is high time that we began to

33、work. 咱們應(yīng)該開始干活了。練習(xí)題1.I wish I you yesterday.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see2.If only he quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldnt suffer(忍受痛苦) so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. shouldnt lie3.How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden!A. has B. had C. will

34、have D. had had4.Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I your advice.A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed5.He didnt go to the party, but he does wish he there.A. had been B. has been C. would have been D. would be6.I wish I longer this morning, but I had to get up and

35、 come to class.A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept7.Jack wishes that he business instead of history when he was in university.A. had studied B. study C. studied D. had been studying8.Its already five oclock now. Do you think its about time ?A. we are going home B. we go home C. we went home D. we can go home9.“You are very selfish（自私）. It s high time you that you are not the most important person in the world,” Jim said to his boss angril