主要地理名詞中英文對照表

1、主要地理名詞中英文對照表文縣第三中學(xué)李懷文大氣ATMOSPHERE大氣組成Atmosphericcomposition空氣質(zhì)量Airquality大氣化學(xué)Atmosphericchemistry大氣成分Atmosphericcomponents大氣顆粒物Atmosphericparticulates二氧化碳Carbondioxide溫室氣體Greenhousegases氧氣Oxygen臭氧層Ozonelayer大氣過程Atmosphericprocesses空氣一水相互作用Air-waterinteraction大氣環(huán)流Atmosphericcirculation大氣降水Atmospheric

2、precipitation碳循環(huán)Carboncycle蒸發(fā)作用Evaporation降水增力口Precipitationenhancement降雨Rainfall太陽輻射Solarradiation蒸騰作用Transpiration風(fēng)Winds空氣污染Airpollution酸雨Acidrain空氣污染物Airpollutants氯氟碳Chlorofluorocarbons沉降的顆粒物Depositedparticulatematter飛灰Flyash霧Fog薄煙Haze空內(nèi)空氣污染Indoorairpollution煙霧Smog氣候問題Climaticissues農(nóng)業(yè)氣象學(xué)Agrometeo

3、rology氣候Climate氣候變化Climaticchange氣候帶Climaticzones干旱Drought全球變暖Globalwarming溫室效應(yīng)Greenhouseeffect濕度Humidity微氣候影響Microclimateeffects海平面上升Sealevelrise人工影響天氣Weathermodification巖石圈LITHOSPHERE固態(tài)地球SolidEarth洞穴Caves地震活動Seismicactivity地震監(jiān)測Seismicmonitoring火山Volcanoes風(fēng)蝕Winderosion陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)TERRESTRIALECOSYSTEMS土壤S

4、oils農(nóng)用土地Agriculturalland堿地Alkalilands污染的土地Contaminatedland污染的土壤Contaminatedsoil沙坑Gravelpits荒地Heathlands土地承載能力Landcarryingcapacity土地污染Landpollution土地開墾Landreclamation土地恢復(fù)Landrestoration土地使用分類Landuseclassification邊緣土地Marginallands沙石開采Sandextraction沉積Sedimentation土壤潛力Soilcapabilities土壤保持Soilconservatio

5、n土壤污染Soilcontamination土壤退化Soildegradation土壤侵蝕Soilerosion土壤改良Soilimprovement土壤鹽堿化Soilsalination水蝕Watererosion干旱地區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Aridlandecosystems干旱土地Aridlands沙漠化Desertification抗旱Droughtcontrol旱作Dryfarming沙丘固定Sanddunefixation沙丘Sanddunes半干旱地區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Semi-aridlandecosystems森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Forestecosystems植樹造林Afforestation針葉林Co

6、niferousforests森林砍伐Deforestation森林保護Forestconservation森林火災(zāi)Forestfires草地火災(zāi)Grassfires綠化帶Greenbelts本地森林Indigenousforests再造林Reafforestation植被恢復(fù)Revegetation亞熱帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Sub-tropicalecosystems溫帶森林Temperateforests溫帶林地Temperatewoodlands樹木Trees熱帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Tropicalecosystems熱帶森林Tropicalforests熱帶森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Tropicalforestecosys

7、tems林地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Woodlandecosystems溫帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和寒帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Temperateecosystemsandcoldzoneecosystems南極生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Antarcticecosystems南極地區(qū)Antarcticregion北極生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Arcticecosystems北極地區(qū)Arcticregion寒帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Coldzoneecosystems草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Grasslandecosystems永久凍土生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Permafrostecosystems極地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Polarecosystems溫帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Temperateecosystems山地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Mountain

8、ecosystems高原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Highlandecosystems登山運動Mountaineering濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Wetlandsecosystems紅樹沼澤Mangroveswamps水禽Waterfowl水澇地Waterloggedlands流域管理Watershedmanagement水邊開發(fā)Watersidedevelopment生物多樣性和保護區(qū)Biologicaldiversityandprotectedareas適應(yīng)性強的物種Adaptablespecies藻類Algae兩棲動物Amphibians動物習(xí)性Animalbehaviour動物資源Animalresources節(jié)肢

9、動物Arthropods生物多樣性Biologicaldiversity生物資源Biologicalresources生物圈保護區(qū)Biospherereserves群落生境Biotopes鳥類Birds植物園Botanicalgardens基因資源保護Conservationofgeneticresources生態(tài)平衡Ecologicalbalance瀕危動物物種Endangeredanimalspecies瀕危植物物種Endangeredplantspecies河口保護區(qū)Estuarineconservationareas動物區(qū)系Fauna植物區(qū)系Flora食物鏈Foodchain捕獵Hun

10、ting無脊椎動物Invertebrates陸地哺乳動物L(fēng)andmammals哺乳動物Mammals海洋保護區(qū)Marineconservationareas微生物Microorganisms移棲種Migratoryspecies國家公園Nationalparks國家保護區(qū)Nationalreserves寄生生物Parasites愉獵Poaching靈長目Primates保護區(qū)Protectedareas受保護的物種Protectedspecies爬行動物Reptiles陸地生物資源Terrestrialbiologicalresources植被Vegetation雜草Weeds野生生物Wild

11、life野生生物保護Wildlifeconservation野生生物生境Wildlifehabitats動物園Zoologicalgardens細(xì)菌Bacteria酶Enzymes真菌Fungi基因庫Genebanks種質(zhì)Germplasm微生物資源Microbialresources原生生物Protozoa病毒Viruses酵母Yeasts生物技術(shù)問題Biotechnologicalissues農(nóng)業(yè)生物技術(shù)Agriculturalbiotechnologies生物倫理學(xué)Bioethics生物安全Biosafety生物技術(shù)Biotechnologies無性繁殖Cloning與健康有關(guān)的生物技術(shù)

12、Health-relatedbiotechnologies誘變劑Mutagens突變微生物釋放Mutatedmicroorganismsrelease突變體Mutants繁殖控制ReproductivemanipulationDNA重組技術(shù)RecombinantDNAtechnology動物的選擇性繁殖Selectivebreedingofanimals植物的選擇性繁殖Selectivebreedingofplants生物技術(shù)的社會一經(jīng)濟影響Socio-economicimpactofbiotechnologies致畸劑Teratogens淡水FRESHWATER淡水資源Freshwaterr

13、esources談水保護Conservationoffreshwater水壩Dams冰Ice湖泊Lakes自然排水系統(tǒng)Naturaldrainagesystems河流流域開發(fā)Riverbasindevelopment河流Rivers雪Snow地下水Subterraneanwater地表水Surfacewaters水資源保護Waterresourcesconservation水資源開發(fā)Waterresourcesdevelopment淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Freshwaterecosystems集水區(qū)Catchmentareas國際河流流域Internationalriverbasins湖泊流域Lakeb

14、asins池塘尾渣Pondstailings河流流域Riverbasins淡水惡化Freshwaterdegradation河流污染Riverpollution徑流Run-off沉積物移動Sedimentmobilization沉積物運移Sedimenttransport沉積盆地Sedimentarybasins滲漏Seepage鳳眼藍Waterhyacinth水污染W(wǎng)aterpollution水的鹽化Watersalination飲用水供應(yīng)Drinkingwatersupply脫鹽Desalination飲用水Drinkingwater飲用水處理Drinkingwatertreatment城

15、市配水系統(tǒng)Municipalwaterdistributionsystems農(nóng)村供水Ruralwatersupply污水處理廠Sewagetreatmentplants水泵Waterpumps水處理Watertreatment水井Waterwells海洋環(huán)境MARINEENVIRONMENTS海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Marineecosystems藻花Algalbloom海底生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Benthicecosystems海洋污染Marinepollution污染沉積物Marinesediments海洋環(huán)境Oceancirculation洋流Oceancurrents海洋Oceans海洋溫度Oceantempe

16、rature赤潮Redtide海平面Sealevel潮，潮?與Tides沿海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Coastalecosystems群島Archipelagoes沿海地區(qū)Coastalareas沿海開發(fā)Coastaldevelopment沿海環(huán)境Coastalenvironments海岸侵蝕Coastalerosion疏浚Dredging河口生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Estuarineecosystems島嶼生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Islandecosystems小島嶼Smallislands海洋生物資源Livingmarineresources水生哺乳動物Aquaticmammals水生微生物Aquaticmicroorganisms水生

17、植物Aquaticplants珊瑚礁Coralreefs甲殼綱動物Crustaceans魚類Fish海洋資源保護Marineresourcesconservation軟體動物Molluscs水生貝殼類動物Shellfish環(huán)境管理ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT資源管理Resourcesmanagement深海礦藏Deepseadeposits森林管理Forestmanagement森林政府Forestpolicy資源的地埋分布Geographicdistributionofresources土地價值Landvalues礦產(chǎn)資源Mineralresources國家保護計戈UNat

18、ionalconservationprogrammes自然資源Naturalresources自然保護Natureconservation不可再生資源Non-renewableresources資源凈損耗Netresourcedepletion礦床Oredeposits石油資源保護Petroleumresourcesconservation可再生資源Renewableresources資源估價Resourceappraisal資源保護Resourceconservation海底開發(fā)Seabedexploitation海底采礦Seabedmining本地資源的利用Utilizationofloc

19、alresources環(huán)境規(guī)戈UEnvironmentalplanning發(fā)展合作Developmentcooperation發(fā)展計戈UDevelopmentplanning生態(tài)發(fā)展Ecodevelopment經(jīng)濟發(fā)展Economicdevelopment經(jīng)濟計戈UEconomicplanning環(huán)境核算Environmentalaccounting環(huán)境審計Environmentalauditing環(huán)境健康影響評價Environmentalhealthimpactassessment環(huán)境影響Environmentalimpact環(huán)境影響評價Environmentalimpactassessme

20、nt環(huán)境影響狀報告書Environmentalimpactstatement環(huán)境指標(biāo)Environmentalindicators環(huán)境政策Environmentalpolicy環(huán)境風(fēng)險評估Environmentalriskassessment財政資助Financialassistance土地利用規(guī)劃Landuseplanning環(huán)境管理指標(biāo)Environmentalmanagementindicators環(huán)境質(zhì)量指標(biāo)Environmentalqualityindicators試驗項目Pilotprojects政策規(guī)劃Policyplanning施壓集團Pressuregroups區(qū)域規(guī)戈URe

21、gionalplanning自助計戈USelf-helpprogrammes工農(nóng)業(yè)選址Sitingofindustry社會調(diào)查Socialsurveys發(fā)展?fàn)顩rStatusofdevelopment可持續(xù)發(fā)展Sustainabledevelopment可持續(xù)發(fā)展指標(biāo)Sustainabledevelopmentindicators技術(shù)評價Technologyassessment運輸計戈UTransportplanning環(huán)境經(jīng)濟問題Environmentaleconomicissues環(huán)境定價Environmentalvaluation環(huán)境成本Environmentalcosts夕卜部Exter

22、nalities重置成本Replacementcosts貿(mào)易對環(huán)境的影響Tradeimpactonenvironment已定價值的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)組成部分valuedecosystemcomponents經(jīng)濟管理手段Economicmanagementinstruments成本-效益分析Cost-benefitanalysis發(fā)展中國家債務(wù)Developingcountriesdebt環(huán)境股票交易Environmentalstockexchange政府環(huán)境開支Governmentenvironmentalexpenditures綠色財政手段Greenfiscalinstruments環(huán)境成本內(nèi)在化In

23、ternalisationofenvironmentalcosts以綠色標(biāo)志促銷Marketingwithgreenlabelling資源的定價政策Pricingpoliciesofresources結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整計戈UStructuraladjustmentprograms稅收差別Taxdifferentiation可交易的許可證Tradeablepermits人類住區(qū)HUMANSETTLEMENTS人類住區(qū)管理Humansettlementsmanagement建成區(qū)Built-upareas經(jīng)濟規(guī)戈UEconomiczoning用火安全要求Firesafetyrequirements歷史遺址H

24、istoricalsites住房改善Housingimprovements住房需求Housingneeds住房規(guī)戈UHousingprogrammes住房質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Housingqualitystandards工業(yè)區(qū)Industrialareas非高峰時間工作Off-peakworking辦公室Offices城區(qū)發(fā)展模式Patternsofurbangrowth規(guī)戈U的城區(qū)發(fā)展Plannedurbandevelopment再建房屋Rehousing租賃房屋Rentalhousing居民區(qū)Residentialareas建筑安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Safetystandardsforbuildings商店Shop

25、s建筑業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Standardsforbuildingindustry城區(qū)設(shè)計Urbandesign建成Z構(gòu)Builtstructures橋梁Bridges建筑材料Buildingmaterials建筑物Buildings建筑技術(shù)Buildingtechnology施工技術(shù)Constructiontechnology建筑工程Constructionworks農(nóng)業(yè)建筑Farmbuildings政府建筑Governmentbuildings高層建筑High-risebuildings工業(yè)建筑Industrialbuildings本地建筑材料Localmaterialsforbuilding拖車住房M

26、obilehomes核研究中心Nuclearresearchcentres裝配式房屋Prefabricatedbuildings結(jié)構(gòu)Structures隔熱Thermalinsulation基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施Infrastructure通道Accessroads水上娛樂活動Aquaticrecreationalamenities汽車停放Automobileparking建成的排水系統(tǒng)Builtdrainagesystems電力分配Electricpowerdistribution公共花園Publicgardens公路Highways空地Openspaces管道Pipelines運動場Playground

27、s公園Publicparks公用事業(yè)Publicutilities道路建設(shè)Roadconstruction道路養(yǎng)護Roadmaintenance體育設(shè)施Sportsfacilities電信Telecommunications運輸系統(tǒng)Transportsystems隧道Tunnels城市供水Urbanwatersupply公共服務(wù)Publicservices人類住區(qū)的社會一經(jīng)濟方面Socio-economicaspectsofhumansettlements生育控制Birthcontrol社區(qū)服務(wù)Communityservices社區(qū)參與Communityparticipation通勤Commu

28、ting消費方式Consumptionpatterns文化指標(biāo)Culturalindicators發(fā)展模式Developmentpatterns殘疾人Disabledpersons毒品濫用Drugabuse生態(tài)旅游Ecotourism計劃生育Familyplanning性另1J問題Genderissues無家可歸Homelessness住房集資Housingfinance人類遷居Humanmigration人口Humanpopulation人權(quán)Humanrights土地分配Landallotment生活方式Lifestyles低價住房Low-costhousing流動工人Migrantwork

29、ers少數(shù)民族Minorities社區(qū)改善計戈UNeighbourhoodimprovementschemes新社區(qū)Newcommunities流浪者Nomads非高峰時間通勤Off-peakcommuting公共衛(wèi)生Publichealth種族關(guān)系Racerelations娛樂Recreation農(nóng)村地區(qū)Ruralareas環(huán)境衛(wèi)生Sanitation社會指數(shù)Socialindicators社會-經(jīng)濟因素Socio-economicfactors旅游Tourism旅行Travel貧困階層Under-privilegedpeople城市地區(qū)Urbanareas城區(qū)改造Urbanrenewal城

30、區(qū)壓力Urbanstress婦女地位Womenstatus人類住區(qū)的環(huán)境方面Environmentalaspectsofhumansettlements空調(diào)Airconditioning尸體處置Disposalofthedead區(qū)城供熱Districtheating住房密度Housingdensity過度擁擠Overcrowding難民Refugees旅游設(shè)施Touristfacilities城市衰敗Urbandecay農(nóng)業(yè)AGRICULTURE農(nóng)業(yè)方式Agriculturalpractices農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)備Agriculturalequipment農(nóng)業(yè)管理Agriculturalmanagemen

31、t農(nóng)業(yè)方法Agriculturalmethods農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲Agriculturalpests農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)Agriculturalproduction農(nóng)業(yè)儲藏Agriculturalstorage動物疾病Animaldiseases動物營養(yǎng)Animalnutrition養(yǎng)蜂業(yè)Apiculture水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖Aquaculture害蟲的生物控制Biologicalcontrolofpests生物固氮Biologicalnitrogenfixation堆肥Composts等高耕作Contourfarming受控燃燒Controlledburning作物保護Cropprotection挽畜Draughtanim

32、als魚類養(yǎng)殖Fishculture漁業(yè)管理Fisheriesmanagement谷物Grains作物蟲害傳染Infestationofcrops糧食蟲害傳染Infestationoffood灌溉Irrigation灌溉渠Irrigationcanals灌溉農(nóng)業(yè)Irrigationfarming天然肥料Naturalfertilizers有機農(nóng)業(yè)Organicfarming病蟲害控制Pestmanagement殺蟲劑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)控制Pesticidecontrolstandards植物病害Plantdiseases家禽飼養(yǎng)Poultryfarming林農(nóng)輪作Shiftingcultivation樹木苗

33、圃Treenurseries滴灌Trickleirrigation農(nóng)工業(yè)Agro-industry畜產(chǎn)品Animalproducts飲料工業(yè)Beverageindustry釀造業(yè)Brewingindustry蒸儲業(yè)Distillingindustry食品輻照Foodirradiation食品保存Foodpreservation食品貯藏Foodstorage食品運輸Foodtransport林產(chǎn)品Forestproducts煙草Tobacco農(nóng)用化學(xué)品Agrochemicals化學(xué)肥料Chemicalfertilizers殺真菌劑Fungicides除草劑Herbicides殺蟲劑的代謝Meta

34、bolismofpesticides硝酸鹽Nitrates亞硝酸鹽Nitrites亞硝胺Nitrosamines營養(yǎng)物Nutrients有機磷化物Organophosphorouscompounds殺蟲劑的持久性Persistenceofpesticides殺蟲劑路徑Pesticidepathways殺蟲劑Pesticides磷酸鹽Phosphates殺蟲劑的毒性Toxicityofpesticides殺蟲劑的使用Utilizationofpesticides工業(yè)INDUSTRY工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程Industrialprocesses制鋁工業(yè)Aluminiumindustry適用技術(shù)Appropriatetechnology高爐Blas