中考英語專題講練主旨題含解析

1、知識(shí)精講一、主旨題簡介理解段落，文章，歸納，概括，總結(jié)主題或目的。二、主旨題分類1 .段落大意題2 .全文大意題3 .標(biāo)題類試題三、主旨題常見提問方式1 .段落大意題Whatdoesthesecondparagraphdiscuss?Whatdoesthewritertrytotellinthethirdparagraph?Whatcanwelearnfromthefourthparagraph?2 .全文大意題Thepassageismainlyabout.Themain/generalideais.What'sthetopic/mainideaofthepassage?Whatis

2、mainlydiscussedinthetext?Wecanmakeaconclusionfromthepassagethat3 .標(biāo)題類試題Thebesttitleforthispassageis.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?四、解題技巧1. 定位主題句：根據(jù)前文所提到的主題搜索原則，在全篇范圍內(nèi)，確實(shí)文章主題句。開門見山：提出主題-細(xì)節(jié)支撐闡明主題；段末點(diǎn)睛：細(xì)節(jié)描述-歸納要點(diǎn)-概括主題；段中點(diǎn)旨：細(xì)節(jié)描述-歸納主題-進(jìn)一步解釋；無主題句：考生需根據(jù)文章中所敘述的事實(shí)或提供的線索來概括和總結(jié)文章的大意，尋找主題句的方法

3、。2. 抓核心詞：在主題句中，找出文章核心詞。通常，根據(jù)核心詞就可以排除那些偏離主題的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。3. 甄別選項(xiàng)：一般來說，核心詞一般位于主句或是賓語位置的選項(xiàng)往往保留。特別要指出的是，如果選項(xiàng)中都包含核心詞，往往需要通過第二核心詞來輔助進(jìn)行辨識(shí)。Q度三點(diǎn)剖析一、考點(diǎn)：主旨大意題主要考查學(xué)生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納、概括和總結(jié)的能力。根據(jù)其考查范圍，可以分為段落大意題、全文大意題、最佳標(biāo)題。總體難度級別：較難。主旨大意題占中考試題中約閱讀理解題的比例為5%-10%二、補(bǔ)充點(diǎn)：主旨大意題的?？键c(diǎn)：1 .段首、段尾句?？迹憾问住⒍挝簿湟话惚磉_(dá)了文章的中心思想，或者就是該段的主題句，對全文

4、或全段起著提綱挈領(lǐng)的作用。2 .語義轉(zhuǎn)折處?？迹河绕涫嵌问椎恼Z義轉(zhuǎn)折，其后面往往是作者真實(shí)的寫作目的或基本觀點(diǎn)，即文章的中心思想所在。3 .因果句常考：因果句通?？梢员憩F(xiàn)出作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)甚至全文的主題，因此成為考點(diǎn)。u反一題模精選題模一：段落主旨題例1.1.1Thechangeinrulesshouldbetakenasachancetodrawspecialattentiontoskilldevelopmentinanenvironmentfreeofdanger.Itmayalsocontrolthelossofthousandsofyoungplayerswhodon'tenj

5、oythatenvironment.（P2）1. WhatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinParagraph2?A. Thesafewaysofcontrollingtheloss.B. Thestepsofdrawingspecialattention.C. Thepossibleresultsofchangingtherules.D. Themethodsofimprovingtheenvironment.題模二：篇章主旨題例1.2.1-Youshouldnotexpecttobeabletoreadadifficultsciencepassagethesameway

6、youreadaninterestingstory;.Instead,youmayhavetoreaditseveraltimesthrough,catchingonthemeaningofdifficultwords,goingbackoverdifficultsentences,andfinallyputtingthewholethingtogether（P1）Thesearethestepstofollowwhenyouarereadingsomethingdifficult:（P2）Itisreallyjustthenormalwaygoodreadersunderstandanyth

7、ingthatisdifficulttoread.（末段）1. Thepassageismainlyabout.A. stepsofstudyingscienceB. difficultiesinreadingscienceC. researchesonscienceandEnglishD. waysofreadingsciencepassages題模三：最佳標(biāo)題例1.3.1Manyofusdon'tpaymuchattentiontotheimportanceofeyecare.Thereareseveralcausesleadingtopooreyesightlikenotenou

8、ghfood,genes（基因）andaging（老化）.Televisions,computersandreadingarealsothecausesofhavingpooreyesight.Ifyouhappentoworkinfrontofthecomputer,.Eatinghealthyfoodswilldogoodtoyoureyesight.Allabovearenaturalwaysofeyecarethathelpuskeephealthyeyes.Inaword,eyecareisveryimportant,nomatterhowoldapersonis.1. Whichi

9、sthebesttitleofthepassage?A. WaysofBeingHappyB. WaysofEyeExercisesC. WaysofBeingHealthyD. WaysofEyeCare思隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1Whenthisstoryhappened,theywereworkingaroundaverylargehouse.Theirjobwastodothecleaning.Itwasnotadifficultjob,butsometimesitwasalittledangerous,becausetheyhadtowalkbelowwhereworkmenwerework

10、ing.Oftentheseworkmendroppedsomethingfromthetopofthehousemanymetershightotheground.OnemorningJoewasworkingnearthehousewithacigarettebehindoneofhisears.Suddenlysomebodyonthetopshouted,“Lookout!”ButJoedidnot"lookout".Helookedup.Andashedidso,alongknifemissedJoe'shead,butitcutoffoneofhisea

11、rs.Atonceheputhishandtoonesideofhisheadandcriedout,"I'velostanear.Help!Help!”Jeffranuptohelphisfriend."Lookformyear,"Joetoldhim."Itmustbeonthegroundsomewhere."Jefflookedeverywhereforthemissingear.Atlasthefoundanearontheground.HepickeditupandcarriedittoJoe."Hereyouar

12、e,"hesaid,"I'vefoundit."Joelookedatit."No,that'snotmyear.”hesaid,“Minehadacigarettebehindit.”1. WhatwereJoeandJeff?A. Soldiers.B. Drivers.C. Farmers.D. leaners.2. HowdidJoelosehisear?A. Hecutitoffbyhimself.B. Jeffcutitoffwithaknife.C. A.fallingknifecutitoff.D. A.cigarette

13、burneditup.3. Fromthepassage,weknowJoewasnot.A. strongB. kindC. foolishD.clever4. Whichisthemostpossibletitleforthispassage?A. A.LostEarB. A.BusyCleanerC. A.FallingKnifeD. A.forgetfulMan隨練1.2Doyouknowwhydifferentanimalsorpests（昆蟲）havetheirspecialcolors?Colorsinthemseemtobeusedmainlytoprotectthemselv

14、es.Somebirdslikeeatinglocusts（蝗蟲），butbirdscannoteasilycatchthem.Why?Itisbecauselocustschangetheircolorstogetherwiththechangeofthecolorsofcrops（莊稼）.Whencropsaregreen,locustslookgreen.Butastheharvesttimecomes,locustschangetothesamebrowncolorascropshave.Someotherpestswithdifferentcolorsfromplantsareeas

15、ilyfoundandeatenbyothers.Sotheyhavetohidethemselvesforlivesandappearonlyatnight.Ifyoustudytheanimallife,you'llfindthemainuseofcoloringistoprotectthemselves.Bears,lionsandotheranimalsmovequietlythroughforests.Theycannotbeeasilyseenbyhunters（獵人）.Thisisbecausetheyhavethecolorsmuchlikethetrees.Havey

16、ouevernoticedanevenstrangeract?A.kindoffishintheseacansendoutakindofveryblackliquid（液體）whenitfacesdanger.Whiletheliquidspreadsover（散開）,itsenemies（敵人）cannotfindit.Anditimmediatelyswimsaway.Soithasliveduptonowthoughitisnotstrongatall.1. Fromthepassagewelearnthatlocusts.A.aresmallanimalsB.areeasilyfoun

17、dbybirdsC.aredangeroustotheirenemiesD.changetheircolorstoprotectthemselves2. Howcanpestswithdifferentcolorsfromplantskeepoutofdanger?A. Theyrunawayquickly.B. Theyhavethecolorsmuchliketheirenemies.C. Theyhidethemselvesbydayandappearatnight.D. Theyhavetomovequietly.3. Bearsandlionscankeepsafebecause.A

18、. theyhavethecolorsmuchlikethetreesB. theymovequietlyC. theylikebrownandgraycolorsD. theyliveinforests4. Whycanthekindoffishliveuptonow?A. Becauseitisveryandstrong.B. Becausetheliquiditsendsoutcanhelpitescapefromitsenemies.C. Becausetheliquiditsendsoutcankillitsenemies.D. Becauseitswimsfasterthanany

19、otherfish.5. Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A. TheChangeofColorsforAnimalsandPestsB. ColorsofDifferentAnimalsandPestsC. TheMainUseofColorsforAnimalsandPestsD. SomeAnimalsandPests隨練1.3Howgreenareyou?Doyoucareaboutprotectingtheenvironmentandsavingenergy?Weallneedahealthyenvironment,butweproducewast

20、eeverydayanditdoesharmtoourenvironment.Thoughweareyoung,wecanstilldosomethingtohelp.Infact,eventhesimplesteverydayactivitiescanmakearealdifferencetotheenvironment.Herearesomeideasforyou.Rememberthesethreewords:Reduce,reuseandrecycle.REDUCEReducemeans“useless."Don'twastethings.Thissavesmoney

21、andreducespollutionandwastegoingintotheenvironment.Beforewebuysomethingnew,thinkwhetheritisreallynecessary-ormaybetheoldonewillbejustasgood!Whenwedobuythings,chooselocalproducesifpossible,andtrynottobuytoomanythingsfromabroad.Itmaycostalotofmoneytobringthemtous.REUSEReusemeans“useagain."Usethin

22、gsforaslongaspossible.Whenwebuythings,makesurethattheylastalongtime.Weshouldlookafterthemsothattheywilllast,andweshouldrepairthemifwecaninsteadofthrowingthemawayandbuyingnewones.Don'tuseapapercuporapaperbag.It'sbettertouseachinacupandalunchboxbecauseyoucanusethemagain.RECYCLERecyclemeans“cha

23、ngethingsintosomethingelse."Althoughittakesenergytochangesomethingintosomethingelse,itsbetterthanthrowingthingsawayorburningthem.Findoutwhatcanberecycledinyourneighbourhoodandtakepartinrecyclingprogrammes.Weshouldalsobuyproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials,suchasrecycledpaper,tohelpsavetrees.Sople

24、aserememberthesethreewords:reduce,reuseandrecycle.1. Whatisthepassageabout?A. HowtoproducethingsB. HowtoburnthingsC. HowtohelpothersD. Howtobegreen2. Whichofthefollowingisright?A. Don'twastethingsB. AlwaysthrowawayoldthingsC. AlwaysbuynewthingsD. Buytoomanythingsfromabroad3. Whyisbettertouseachi

25、nacupandalunchbox?A. YoucanburnthemB. YoucanusethemagainC. Youcanthrowthemaway7D. Youcanchangethemintosomethingelse4. Toprotecttheenvironment,weshouldrememberthesethreewords:A. waste,reuseandrecycleB. repair,burnandrecycleC. reduce,reuseandrecycleD. reduce,wasteandrecycle5. Thepassagemaycomefrom.A.

26、amenuB. adictionaryC. astorybookD. amagazine隨練1.4Donny,an11year-oldboy,isplayingwithaball.Theballgoesintothestreet,andDonnyrunsfortheball.A.carhits（撞）Donny.Anambulance（救護(hù)車）takesDonnytothehospital.ThedoctorsatthehospitaltellDonny'sparents,“Donnyisin_acoma".EverydayDonny'sparentsvisithima

27、tthehospital.TheysitnexttoDonny'sbedandtalktohim.ButDonnynevertalkstothem.Hejustsleeps.OnedayDonny'sfathersays,“Wakeup,Donny.Wakeupandcomehome.ComehomeandplaywithRusty.”WhenDonny'sfathersays“Rusty”,Donnymoveshisarm."Rusty!”Donny'sfathersaysagain.Again,Donnymoveshisarm.Donnyspare

28、ntshaveanidea.Theytellthenurses,“WewanttobringRustytothehospital”.Thenursesays"OK.Thenextday,Donny'sparentsbringRustytothehospital.WhentheyputheronDonny'sbed,Donnyopenshiseyesandhugsher.DonnysparentsbringRustytothehospitaleveryday.Oneday,RustyjumpsonDonny'sbedandscratches（抓）Donnysar

29、m.Donnysayshisfirstwords:"Baddog!”Aftersevenweeks,Donnyiswell.Heleavesthehospitalandgoeshome.1. Donnyisinthestreetwhenacarhitshim.A. movinghisarmB. walkingwithhisparentsC. talkingwithhisdogD. runningforaball2. RustyisDonny's.A. sisterB. friendC. dogD. classmate3. wakesupDonnyatlast.A. A.doc

30、torB. HisfatherC. A.nurseD. Donny'sdog4. Theunderlinedsentence“Donnyisinacoma."meansA. DonnyisanunhealthyboyB. DonnymustleavethehospitalC. DonnyneedstoplaysportsD. Donnyisasleepandcan'ttalk5. Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A. TheParents'LoveB. DonnyandRustyC. A.StoryofDonnyD. Do

31、nnyisinHospitalJ總自我總結(jié)脖課后作業(yè)作業(yè)1Youprobablyknowyoushouldsay"please"and"thankyou"atrestaurants.Youprobablyknowtherulesofalibrary.Youknowyoushouldrespectandbenicetoyourclassmates.Butdoyouhavemusicmanners?KeepItDown!Youhavetonoticethevolumeofyourmusic.Youshouldnotplayyourmusicsoloudtha

32、teveryonearoundyoucanhearit.Somepeoplemightevengetangry.Usually,whenyouplaythemusicloudonanMP3player,otherpeoplecan'thearthewordsofthesong.Theyjusthearaloudsound.Noonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears.SoevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3players,youshouldntturnituptoohi

33、gh.TakeThemOff!YouneedtoknowwhentoturnyourMP3offandputitaway.Libraries,andschoolsdontallowMP3players.Thereareotherplaces,likemuseums,thatdonthaverules,butitwouldberudetohaveyourMP3playeron.Sometimes,itdoesn'tmakesensetolistenonyourMP3playeratevent.Whywouldyoulistentomusicataplay,amovieorasportin

34、gevent?Youwouldmisswhatisgoingonandotherswouldwonderwhyyouevencame.TakeOneOut!Onceinawhile,itsokayjusttotakeoutoneearphoneandnotother.ImagineyouarelisteningonyourMP3playerwhensomeoneasksyoutheway.Itwouldnotberudetotakeoutoneearphone,tellhimtheway,andputbacktheearphoneandcontinuelistening.Youcanalsod

35、othiswhenyouorderfoodatafast-foodrestaurantorwhenyouanswerthetelephoneanditsnotforyou.It'sYourChoice!Therearetimeswhenyouneedtodecidewhatisbest.Forexample,somepeoplecanlistentomusicontheirMP3playerswhenreadingbooks,whileothersthinkitisdisturbing.Incaseslikethis,youneedtodowhatseemsrightforyou.1.

36、 Weshouldntturnupthemusictoohighbecauseloudmusic.A. isnotenjoyableB. hurtsourearsC. isbadforMP3playersD. makesusuncomfortable2. Ifwelistentomusicatasportingevent,.A. it'simpolitetoothersB. we'llmisspartofthemovieC. wewon'tknowwhat'sgoingonD. theplayerswillbeangry3. WeshouldturnourMP3

37、offandputitawaywhenaccordingtothepassage.10A. wereadinalibraryB. someoneasksusthewayC. we'rereadingbooksD. awaitercomes4. Thewriterwantsustobywritingthepassage.A. bepoliteatrestaurantsB. respectourclassmates.C. followtherulesoflibrariesD. havemusicmanners作業(yè)2DoAmericanchildrenstilllearnhandwritin

38、ginschool?Intheageofthekeyboard,somepeopleseemtothinkhandwritinglessonsareonthewayout.90%ofteacherssaytheyarerequiredtoteachhandwriting.Butstudieshaveyettoanswerthequestionofhowwelltheyareteachingit.Oneofthisyear'sstudiesfoundthataboutthreeoutofeveryfourteacherssaytheyarenotpreparedtoteachhandwr

39、iting.Someteachersareteachinghandwritingbyprovidinginstructionfor10to15minutesaday,andthenotherteacherswhobasicallyteachitfor60to70minutesadaywhichreallyforhandwritingisprettymuch.Manyadultsrememberlearningthatwaybycopyinglettersoverandoveragain.Today'sthinkingisthatshortperiodsofpracticearebett

40、er.Manyexperts（專家）alsothinkhandwritingshouldnotbetaughtbyitself.Instead,theysayitshouldbeusedasawaytogetstudentstoexpressideas.Afterall,thatiswhywewrite.Handwritinginvolvestwoskills.Oneislegibility,whichmeansformingtheletterssotheycanberead.Theotherisfluency（流暢）writingwithouthavingtothinkaboutit.Flu

41、encycontinuestodevelopupuntilhighschool.Butnoteveryonemasterstheseskills.Teacherscommonlyreportthataboutonefourthoftheirkidshavepoorhandwriting.Somepeoplemightthinkhandwritingisnotimportantanymorebecauseofcomputersandvoicerecognitionprograms.ButSteveGrahamatVanderbiltsayswordprocessingisseldomdonein

42、primaryschool,especiallyintheearlyyears.Americanchildrentraditionallyfirstlearntoprint,andthentowriteincursive,whichconnectstheletters.ButguesswhatwelearnedfromaspokeswomanfortheCollegeBoard（大學(xué)委員會(huì)）.Morethan75percentofstudentschoosetoprinttheiressay（article）onthetestratherthanwriteincursive.1. FromPa

43、ragraph1wecanlearn.11A. teachinghandwritingisabasicrequirementintheteachingjobB. mostteachersprefertoteachhandwritingC. teachersspendlittletimeinteachinghandwritingD. akeyboardhastakentheplaceofthehandwriting2. WhichofthefollowingisWRONGfortraditionalhandwritingintheUSA?A. Handwritingincludestwoskil

44、ls.B. Towriteincursiveistaughtfirst.C. Thelettersarerepeatedmanytimes.D. Thestudentsaretaughtbypracticingalongperiod.3. Theunderlinedwordalegibility“inParagraph3means.A. easytoreadB. easytowriteC. unexpectedD. unreadable4. Thebesttitleforthepassageis.A. HowtoImproveHandwritinginSchoolB. RightorWrong

45、:theDeathofHandwritingC. HandwritingInvolvesTwoSkillsD. HandwritingLessonsAreontheWayOut作業(yè)3選擇性閱讀C篇Kidsdon'thaveavoice.Theyhavenowaytosharetheirideas.TEDxYouthisalocallyorganizedevent,wherelivetalksandrecordedvideosaresharedwiththecommunity（社區(qū)）.TEDxYouthisalwaysheldonChildren'sDayeveryyear.It

46、bringstogetherbigideasfrom,andforkids.Moreimportantly,itencourageskidstosharetheirideaswiththeworld.“Ageisbutanumber.You'renottooyoungtochangetheworld.Planninganeventalongsideyoungpeoplemakesyourealizethatkidshaveideasthatanadultmightusuallynotthinkof,“saidoneTEDxYouthspeaker.Anotherspeakersaid,

47、“WhatIhavecometorealizeisthatnomatterwhereyouliveorhowoldyouare,everyoneiseagertobesomeonegreat.”12OrganizingaTEDxYoutheventshowsthatkidsareabletodomuchmorethanwhatsexpected.Theytrulytakethiseventandmakeitevenmorethanwhateveryonehopesitwillbe."Thefactthatyouth,justlikeme,hadplannedandruntheeven

48、tshockedmemost,“saidonevolunteer."Ithoughttheeventwassurprising.Icouldn'tbelievethatkidsofmyagemadetheeventhappen.”ThereareseveralwaystotakepartinTEDxYouth.Theeasiestwayistobecomeaspeaker,ifyouthinkyourideaisworthspreading.Anotherwayistoattendanevent.Andlastly,youcanbecomeaTEDxYouthReporter

49、.Reporterstakepicturesfromtheeventandpostthemonline,andsendnewsaboutwhatishappeningatevent,interviewsomeofthespeakers,andwritearticlesabouttheevent."Itwaswonderfultoseehowyouthteammemberswerewiththewholeeventandhowthankfultheywere(andstillare!)tobegivensuchanunbelievablechanceasbeingpartofaTEDx

50、event,“saidanorganizer.TEDxYouthiswelcomingkidsfromeveryculturewhowanttohaveadeeperunderstandingoftheworld.Thosewhogetinvolvedwithitbelieveinthepowerofideas,whichcanchangeattitudes,livesandtheworld.(1)48.WhatisthemainpurposeofholdingaTEDxYouthevent?A. Togivekidsachancetorecordvideos.B. Tospreadkids&

51、#39;ideasallovertheworldC. ToraisemoneyforthelocalcommunityD. Tohelpkidswiththeirschoolwork(2)49.Whatdidavolunteerthinkoftheevent?A. QuitetypicalB. PrettycrazyC. RatherdifficultD. Surprisinggood(3)50.Oneofareporter'sjobsisto.A. giveatalkB. dosomeinterviewsC. plananeventD. organizesomeactivities(

52、4)51.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A. WhenIsTEDxYouthHeld?13B. WhycanKidsRealizeTheirDreams?C. HowCanKidsShareBigIdeas?D. WhatChangesCanTEDxYouthBringUs?作業(yè)4選擇性閱讀C篇Needtobuysomething?Whygotoastore?BuyitontheInternet!Needitnow?Whywait?Askfornext-daydelivery!Eachday,moreandmorepeopletryonlineshopping

53、.Infact,onlinesaleshavedoubledinthelasttenyears.Butnoteveryoneisexcited.Somescientistsnowsaythatonlineshoppingisbadfortheenvironment.Peoplearesurprisedtohearthis."Theythink,'Idon'tneedtodrive,andthebusinessdoesn'tneedtobuildastore,sotherewillbelesspollution,'"saysNuriaProst

54、,anenvironmentalscientist."Butitisnotsosimple.Infact,onlineshoppingiswasteful.Italsoaddstoairpollution.”Intruth,theInternetisnotalwaysasgoodafriendtotheenvironmentasitseems.Forexample,mostpeoplethoughtthattheInternetwouldhelpofficesuselesspaperandothermaterials.Butpaperuseincreasedby33percentbe

55、tween1986and1997.“Onlineshoppingcouldhavesimilarlynegativeeffects,“saysNevilCohen,aprofessorofenvironmentalscience.Partoftheproblemiswhatpeoplearebuyingthesedays.Inthepast,peopleboughtthingsontheInternetthatdidnotrequiremuchpackingmaterial,suchasbooksandclothing.Butnowpeoplealsoshoponlineforlarge,he

56、avyproductssuchastelevisions,computers,andfurniture.Theseproductsneedtobepackedinlargeamountsofplasticandpaper.Thiscreatesalotofwaste.Anotherproblemcausedbyonlineshoppingisairpollution.Whencustomersbuyproductsandaskfornext-daydelivery,companiesoftenhavetosendthembyair.Airplanesusemuchmorefuelthancar

57、sandproducemorecarbondioxide(CO2).Whenpeoplebuyalotofdifferentthingsfromdifferentonlinebusinesses,thiscreatesevenmoretravelbyairplane.Onlineproductreturnsarealsoaproblem.Forexample,anonlineshoestoremayallowcustomerstoreturnshoeswithoutextrapayiftheyarethewrongsize.Thisdoublesthepackingmaterialandnum

58、berofairplanetripsrequiredtosellonepairofshoes.“Ifpeoplewanttoprotecttheenvironment,theyneedtothinkbeforetheyshop,“saysProst."Peopleneedtoaskthemselves:IsthisexactlywhatIwant?DoIreallyneedittomorrow,orcanIwait?”O(jiān)nlinestorescanalsocharge(收費(fèi))customersforreturns.Thismaymakepeopleshopmorecarefully."Onlineshoppingisfastandeasy,“saysProst,“butwecan'tforgetthenegativeeffectsithasontheenvironment.”14(1)48.Whydoesonlineshoppingcreatealotofwaste?A. Becausecompanieschargemoreforproductreturns.B. Becausepeoplebuytoomanythingstheydon'tneed.C. Becausepaperusehasincrease