二輪精品高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)精品教學(xué)案專題四介詞連詞與狀語從句

1、【專題四】介詞、連詞與狀語從句【考情分析】介詞1常見介詞的用法及辨析。2介詞與其他詞性所構(gòu)成的一些短語。3在定語從句中，介詞的使用情況。連詞1. 考查并列連詞、從屬連詞的用法2. 重點考查主從復(fù)合句和并列句的連接詞的選用。狀語從句1.狀語從句的分類1.可分為時間、原因、地點、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較及方式等類型。2.狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與介詞的用法比較；狀語從句與定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的辨析。3.能夠辨別同類狀語從句中近似連接詞的用法差異?！局R歸納】介詞：1.“名詞介詞”型the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/wayto；wish/desire/priz

2、e/respectfor；pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influenceon 2.“介詞 名詞”型(1)in 名詞in advance在前頭，事先，預(yù)先 in case如果，萬一 in charge 主管，掌管，看管in common 共有，共同，公有 in demand 有需要的in doubt 感到疑惑的，難以確定的(2) on 名詞on guard在值勤 on leave 在休假 on holiday在度假 on strike罷工 on sale出售 on loan 借貸 onthe名詞 on the move 在

3、移動，搬遷；離開 on the march 在行軍 on the flow 在漲潮 (3)beyond 名詞beyond one's power 是某人力所不及的 beyond one's reach 夠不著 beyond description 難以形容 beyond words 無法用語言形容 beyond doubt 無疑 (4)under 名詞under development在發(fā)展中under observation 在觀察中 under test 在測試中 under construction 在建設(shè)中under examination 在檢查(調(diào)查)中 under

4、 consideration 在考慮中 (5)at 名詞at length詳細地，長時間 at sea 茫然 at will 任意地at work 在上班at lunch 在吃午飯 at rest在休息 at table 在吃飯 at school 上學(xué) at church 做禮拜 at peace 處于和平狀態(tài)(6)out of 名詞out of breath上氣不接下氣 out of balance 失去平衡 out of date 過時 out of patience 不耐煩3“動詞介詞”搭配rob sb. of sth. ; supply us with food ;make a de

5、sk of wood ; make bread from flour介詞 the 部位與動詞的關(guān)系(動詞 sb.s 部位，可換用)strike him on the head(“擊，拍，碰，摸”意義與on連用)catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意義與by連用)注意：同一介詞與不同動詞搭配，意義各異的情況。reply to the letter回信，sing(dance)to the music和音樂唱(跳)，amount to 達到，加起來有，devote to把貢獻給，drink to為干杯，object to反對，look forward to 渴望，come t

6、o蘇醒，belong to屬于，search for搜，ask.for.尋找，use.for用作，leave for前往，take.for誤以為，4“形容詞介詞”型at前的adj.：angry, good, bad, surprised, excited, puzzled等。of前的adj.：afraid, sure, certain, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy等。worthy of值得的；proud of(take pride in)自豪；sure of / about確信；fond of喜歡；full of充滿with前的adj.: angry, s

7、trict, busy, careful, popular, patient等。satisfied with (by)滿意；busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙著干某事；wrong with不對in前的adj.：strict, weak, interested, successful, rich等。to前的adj.：polite, kind, cruel, rude, close, available等。similar to相似for前的adj.：sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious，(be) hungry/thirsty等

8、。grateful for sth. to sb.為某事感激某人；fit for適合；ready for準備from前的adj.：far, different, free, safe等。free from沒有(免除)；far from離遠about前的adj.：worried, anxious, careful，curious等。glad about sth. for sb.為某人某事高興5復(fù)雜介詞型(1)表示原因(通常在句中作狀語), 意為“由于，因為”。because of：表示實際原因(表達一種較強的因果關(guān)系)；on account of：常用來引述邏輯、理性和事實因素。(2)表示“除之

9、外”。with the exception of except, except for“除之外”；apart from (美式英語中的aside from)是個復(fù)合介詞，既可表示“除之外”，相當于except (for), 又可以表示“除之外，(還，也)”，相當于besides； in addition to“除之外(還，也)”，相當于besides。(3)表示“有關(guān)，關(guān)于”。concerning=regarding“關(guān)于，就而論，在方面”；with respect to“關(guān)于，就而言”；as for和as to用于句首時表示“至于”。(4)表示“在之前”。ahead of=in advanc

10、e of，可表示“(在空間或時間上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”，還可表示“領(lǐng)先，優(yōu)于”；in front of 多指空間的前后關(guān)系，“在前方”。(5)表示“支持，贊成”。in support of 維護，支持，支援；in favor of 可指某人“支持，贊成”，也可指事物“有利于”。(6)表示“鑒于，由于；根據(jù)，按照”。in the light of 按照，考慮到 in terms of 就而言，談到 according to 根據(jù)；按照in view of 鑒于，因為(7)表示“盡管”。in spite of 盡管，不管連詞連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。并列連詞是連接主語與主語，謂語與

11、謂語，句子與句子，分詞與分詞的詞，它要求前后兩部分有相同的形式和語法作用；而從屬連詞一般連接主句與從句，從句形式有名詞性從句，定語從句和狀語從句等。1并列連詞并列連詞可用來連接詞與詞，詞組與詞組，分句與分句。常用的并列連詞有：and(和)，as well as(既又)，both. and(不但而且)，not only. but also(不但而且)，not .but(不是而是)，neither.nor(既不也不)， either. or(不是就是)，or(或者)，but (但是)，yet(然而)，for(因為)，so(所以)，while(而)，when(這時)等。如：Both my broth

12、er and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy(暗沉沉的)/ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious(光榮的)yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot.2從屬連詞從屬連詞是指在復(fù)合句中引導(dǎo)從句的連結(jié)詞。常見的從屬連詞有：(1)引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon

13、 as (2)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的：because, since, as(3)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的：although, though, no matter(無論), even if (though)(4)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的：if, unless, once, so (as) long as (5)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的：so. that., such.that.(6)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的：so that., in order that.(7)引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的：as.as., not so (as). as.，. than.(8)引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的：as if.(9)引導(dǎo)主語，賓語或表語從句的連詞主要有

14、：that, whether, if三個。其中that 和whether間或還可以引起同位從句和狀語從句。3.幾組容易混淆的并列連詞： (1)and, or和but I must work hard, or I'll fail in the contest. Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.Would you like to come to dinner tonight?I'd like to, but I'm too busy. (2)not only.but (also), as well as不但而

15、且She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.(3)neither.nor “既不也不”； both.and.“兩者都”；either.or.“不是就是”Neither you nor he is to blame.Either you or I am right. (4)not.but. 不是而是 They were not the bones of an animal, but the bo

16、nes of ahuman being.(5)for 因為 He is absent today, for he is ill. 注意：for是并列連詞，不能置于含兩個并列分句的句子的句首，只能將其放在兩個分句中間。(6)so, therefore因此He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game.狀語從句：（一）時間狀語從句時間狀語從句1when, while, as的區(qū)別這三個詞都可以用作連接詞，表示時間關(guān)系，但有所區(qū)別。 (1)when表示時間關(guān)系時，意思常常是“當(在)的時候”。主句和從句中的動作或事情可以同時發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)

17、生。例如： When we were at school, we went to the library every day.我們在求學(xué)的時候，每天都到圖書館去。 (2)while 用作連接詞表示時間關(guān)系時，意思也是“當(在)的時候”，主句中的動作或事情在從句中的動作或事情的進展過程中發(fā)生。它有時可與when通用，但它只能指一段時間(a period of time)，而不能指一點時間的(a point of time)。如上面第一個例句中的when，可以用while代替；而第二個例句中的when，就不能用while代替。例如： Please dont talk so aloud while

18、others are working.別人在工作的時候，請勿大聲講話。 (3)as用作連接詞表示時間關(guān)系時，意思也是“當(在)時候”，往往可與when或while通用，但它著重指主句和從句中的動作或事情相并發(fā)生。例如： I saw him as he was getting off the bus.當他下公共汽車的時候，我看見了他。 2一些表示時間的名詞短語也可用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句the minute, the moment, the instant, every time, the last time, every time。如：The first time I got to the isl

19、and, I was amazed by its beauty.我第一次到這座島嶼的時候，我就對它的美麗感到驚異。The moment I entered the room, I smelled something usual.我一走進房間里，就覺得不對頭。Every time I visit him, he is always reading.每次當我拜訪他的時候，他總是在讀書。3directly和immediately也可作為連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“一就”，相當于the moment/the instant和as soon as。如：I knew something was wron

20、g directly I arrived.我一到就知道出事了。 The boys did all sorts of mischief immediately my back was turned.我一轉(zhuǎn)身孩子們就搗亂。4before 和afterbefore 引導(dǎo)的從句的動作通常發(fā)生在主句動作之后，如果從句是過去時，主句一般要用過去完成時或一般過去時。after引導(dǎo)的從句動作通常發(fā)生在主句動作之前，如果主句要用過去時，從句則要用過去完成時或一般過去時。例如：The plane had taken off before he arrived at the airport.他到機場前飛機早就起飛了

21、。After he had lived in the south for nearly 20 years, he decided to go to seek his fortune in the north.他在南方生活了將近二十年后，決定去北方碰碰運氣。They arrived at the cinema after the film began.電影開始之后他們到了影院。5no sooner.than 和hardly (scarcely). when這兩個連詞詞組都是表示主句與從句動作隨即發(fā)生，意為“一就”。主句動詞用過去完成時。如果no sooner, hardly 或scarcely位

22、于句首，主句要倒裝。例如：No sooner had he entered the house than it began to rain.他剛走進房間天就開始下起雨來了。He had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang.他剛上床電話就響了。6till 和until這兩個詞的用法十分近似，都表示“直到”，但在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句要用延續(xù)性動詞；在否定句中，主句要用非延續(xù)性動詞，這時until和before同義。例如：Until they had finished the work, they did not go home.直

23、到他們完成工作才回家。7. It 與before, since, when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句連用時的區(qū)別：(1)It is/has been時間段since . 自從以來已有多長時間了。(2)It is/was時間點when . when 引導(dǎo)的是一個時間狀語從句，主句中的 it 指時間，表語由具體的時間充當。常譯為“當?shù)臅r候，是”。 (3)It be 時間段 before . it 指時間， 主句中的時態(tài)常是一般將來時或過去時兩種時態(tài)主句中的表語多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示時間段的詞或短語。常譯為“之后”。例如：How long is it

24、since we met last time?自從上一次我們見面以來已有多長時間了？It was a lready midnight when I got home.當我到家時已是半夜了。It was not long before she got married and moved to Japan.不久她就結(jié)婚，搬往日本了。（二）地點狀語從句地點狀語從句用where, wherever引導(dǎo)Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Wherever they went, they received a warm welcome.無論他們走到哪

25、兒都受到熱烈歡迎。（三）原因狀語從句原因狀語從句用because（因為），since（既然）, as（由于）引導(dǎo)1、由why提問必須用because回答。since, as不回答why的提問，而且從句一般放在句首，because一般放在主句之后。2、because of +名詞Because of the rain, we didnt go to the park.3、because 和so不可連用，只能選其一。（另有although, but）Why didnt he come to school? Because he was ill.Since I must die, I must. 既

26、然我一定要死，我一定這樣做。4、for并列連詞，不能放在句首，主要放在兩個并列句之間。for所提供的理由為一個補充說明，而且前面常有逗號隔開。The days are short, for it is December now.（四）目的狀語從句目的狀語從句用so（常用于口語）, that, so that, in order that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的謂語常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情態(tài)動詞。Well sit never to the front so we can hear better.He studied hard so that

27、he might succeed.他努力學(xué)習(xí)，以便成功。They hurried to the station in order that they could catch the train.他們急忙趕往火車站，以便能趕上火車。（五）條件狀語從句1if 和unlessif 表示正面的條件，意為“如果”，unless表示反向的條件，意為“除非，如果不”。例如：If youve got exams tomorrow, why arent you studying？如果你明天有考試，你為什么不學(xué)習(xí)？The sports meet will begin tomorrow unless it rain

28、s.運動會明天將要開始，除非下雨?！緦＜姨嵝选織l件狀語從句中常用一般時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。2. providing, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that), as long as, so long as, on condition that 和in case這些連詞(詞組)意思相近，有“如果，只要，假如，假使，在條件下”等意思。例如：All living things respire as long as they live.所有的生物只要他們活著都要呼吸。Supposing (that) you fail a second time, dont

29、 get disappointed, but try again.假如你又一次失敗了，不要泄氣，再試一次。On condition that the liquid is cooled still further, it will turn to a solid.如果液體進一步冷卻的話，會變成固體。3only if和if onlyonly if 引導(dǎo)的從句用陳述語氣，意為“只要”； if only引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語氣，意為“但愿”，“要是就好了”。例如：only if you have persistence, can you achieve great success.惟有你堅持下去，你才能

30、成功。If only I had wings, I would be able to travel around the world easily.如果我有翅膀，我就能夠輕松地環(huán)游地球了。（六）結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句由suchthat, sothat, so that, that 引導(dǎo)1. such that 的常用句型such +a/an +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatsuch +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatsuch+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（不可數(shù)名詞）+that注意so many （much, few, little） +名詞，such a lot of （或lots of）+名詞是慣

31、用法，不可亂用。She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her.They were such beautiful flower that we bought home.It was such delicious food that they ate it up.2. so+形容詞或副詞+thatso+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatHe is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself.It was so hot a day that we all went swimming.I

32、t was such a good day that we all went swimming.3. so that, that都可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句He didnt study hard, （so） that he failed the exam.4. tooto, enoughto 可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句與sothat 替換，sothat結(jié)構(gòu)可以用tooto替換必須具備兩個條件，一是主句和結(jié)果狀語從句的主語必須一致，二是從句中的謂語部分必須含有can（could） not.She is so young that she cant go to school.She is too young

33、to go to school.She isnt old enough to go to school.（七）讓步狀語從句1讓步狀語從句可由although，though，as，while，even if(though)，whatever，whether.or.，no matter who (when，what.)等引導(dǎo)。Although/Though she works very hard，(yet) she makes very slow progress.盡管她學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但還是進步不快。Whenever Im unhappy(No matter when Im unhappy)，it

34、is my friend who cheers me up.不管什么時候我不高興，總是我的朋友給我鼓勵。【專家提醒】(1)however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，與它所修飾的詞一起放在句首。(2)英語不允許在though 或although從句后同時用but。如果要強調(diào)前后兩個部分的對比意義，可以在主句前加上yet或still。2as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的常見的幾種倒裝方式(1)如果從句的謂語部分為“不及物動詞副詞”時，常將從句中的副詞提到從句的句首。Hard as you may try，you will not succeed.盡管你努力了，你可能不會成功。(2)如果從句的謂語部分為“情態(tài)動詞不及

35、物動詞”，常將這個不及物動詞提到從句的句首。Wait as you may，he will not see you.盡管你等了，他可能不會見你。(3)如果從句的謂語部分是“系動詞單數(shù)名詞”，則常將這個作表語的名詞提前，但這個名詞前面的不定冠詞要省略。Child as he is，he can tell right from wrong.盡管他還是個孩子，他能明辨是非。3while作“盡管”講引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時往往放在句首While I understand your viewpoint，I dont agree with you.盡管我明白你的觀點，我不贊成你。（八）方式狀語從句1as 和ju

36、st as二者都表示“如；猶如，正如”。just as 比as強調(diào)的語氣更強。例如：In the early days, people could not count as we do now.在早期日子中，人們不和我們現(xiàn)在一樣能計數(shù)。Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.大部植物像它們需要水一樣，也需要陽光。2as if 和as thoughas if 或as though從句可以用陳述語氣，表示可能符合事實的情況；也可以用虛擬語氣，表示不符合事實或與事實相反的情況，意為“好像，仿佛”。例如：It looks as though

37、it is going to rain.天看起來要下雨。He spoke as if he were a philosopher.他說話就像是一位哲學(xué)家。(從句動詞與主語謂語同時發(fā)生，從句謂語要用一般過去時)He speaks as if he had been to the moon.他談起話來就好像是去過月球。(從句動作發(fā)生在主句謂語之前，從句謂語要用過去完成時)He speaks as if he would fly to the moon.他談起話來就好像是要飛往月球。(從句動詞發(fā)生在主句謂語之后，從句謂語要用would/could/mightdo)（九）比較狀語從句比較狀語從句由as

38、as, not as（so）as, than, the+比較級，the+比較級引導(dǎo)He swims as well as you. （do）He doesnt swim as well as you （do）.He got here earlier than you. （did）The busier he is, the happier he feels.【考點例析】1.China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _all its citizens. 【2012福建卷】A. in charge ofB. for the purpo

39、se of C. in honor ofD. for the benefit of1.D考查介詞短語。 In charge of “負責”；for the purpose of“為了目的”；in honor of“為了紀念”；for the benefit of“為了的利益”，依據(jù)句意，D為正確答案。2.Brown said he was by no means annoyed;_ he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood. 【2012浙江卷】A. all in allB. for one thingC. on the

40、contrary D. by the way2. C 考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意：布朗說他一點兒都不惱火。相反（on the contrary）他很高興能夠被透徹理解。All in all總而言之；for one thing其一；by the way順便講一下，均不符合語境，故排除。解題的關(guān)鍵是對詞組by no means=never（決不）的理解。故正確答案為C。3._all the animals I've ever had, these two dogs arc the most sensitive to the spoken word. 【2012浙江卷】A. From B.

41、Of C. For D. With3. B 本題考查介詞用法。From從；for為了；with有，均不符合語境。two dogs所屬于all animals，故用介詞of表示這種關(guān)系，故答案B符合語境。4. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home 【2012湖北卷】A. out of questionB. out of orderC. out of s

42、ightD. out of place4.D考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：這套家具款式新潮，色澤明麗，與新式房屋和花園配套，但看起來與傳統(tǒng)的房子和花園不相稱。A項意為“毫無疑問”，B項意為“次序顛倒”，C項意為“看不見”，都與句意不符。D項意為“與不相稱”，符合句意。5. Thank God you're safe!I stepped back, just_to avoid the racing car. 【2012江蘇卷】A. in timeB. in caseC. in needD. in vain5.A 考查介詞短語。句意為：謝天謝地，你是安全的！我走回去，正好避免賽車。in tim

43、e意為“及時”，in case意為“萬一，假使”；in need意為“需要”；in vain意為“徒勞，無濟于事”。依據(jù)題意，A為正確答案。6.This training program can give you a lift at work, _ increase your income by 40%.【2012四川卷】A. as well as B. so long as C. so much as D. as soon as6. A 本題考查介詞as構(gòu)成的短語用法區(qū)別。A意為“除之外（還有）；和”；B意為“只要”；C意為“與一樣多”（不用于肯定句）；D意為“一就”。此題句意為：這個培訓(xùn)計

44、劃除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，還能夠讓你在工作方面得到提升。根據(jù)句意選A。7. A number of high buildings have arisen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. 【2012山東卷】A. whenB. whereC. before D. until 7.B考查狀語從句的連接詞。句意：很多高樓在一年前還是廢墟的地方矗立起來了。此處應(yīng)為where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句，表示“在地方”。故B為正確答案。8. He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friend

45、s. 【2012山東卷】A. asB. if C. unlessD. though8.A考查狀語從句的連接詞。句意：當瑪麗為她喝醉了朋友道歉時，他禮貌地微笑著。此處是as引導(dǎo)這個時間狀語從句，這里smile和apologize同時進行，as意為：當?shù)臅r候。故A為正確答案。9. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_ gets more financial support from the European Union. 【2012福建卷】A. if B. unlessC. because

46、 D. since9. B考查連詞。句意：“除非有來自歐洲聯(lián)盟的更多的經(jīng)濟支持，否則希臘政府很難克服目前的困難”，只能選擇unless“除非”才能使句意完整。 10You can borrow my car_you promise not to drive too fast. 【2012江西卷】Aunless Beven ifCin caseDas long as10.D 考查狀語從句。句意：只要你保證不開得太快，你就可以把我的車借走。A.unless除非，B.even if即使，C.in case以防萬一，D.as long as只要。選D?！痉椒记伞?常見介詞的用法，以及常見介詞的辨析。

47、2介詞與動詞、形容詞所構(gòu)成的短語要熟記。3介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，介詞的選用要重點注意。4. 弄清楚易混介詞的用法異同；能夠根據(jù)具體語境靈活運用介詞。5. 注意正確使用不同的連詞6.引導(dǎo)時間、地點、條件、讓步、比較、原因狀語從句的連詞應(yīng)為備考重點。 7.狀語從句中的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，8.注意狀語從句與其它從句、句型結(jié)合起來考查。【專題訓(xùn)練】1. _ journalism seems like a good profession (職業(yè)), I would prefer to be a teacher.A. Although B. Even C. No matter D. Now tha

48、t2. _ he wants to fire you, I suggest you stop wearing sport clothes in the office.A. If B. Since C. Until D. Unless3. She tried to phone him, _there was no answer because he was abroad.A. since B. while C. so D. but 4. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _ I heard the voices.

49、A. as B. for C. while D. when5. You can speak French well _ you practise it with a Frenchman every day.A. unless B. although C. as long as D. so that6. The class went on with the story _they had left it before the holiday.A. where B. which C. in which D. when7. We didnt plan to meet. We meet _ in the street. A. by the way B. by chance C. on purpose D. in surprise8. Could you tell me where Jim lives? _Jim used to live nex