中考英語專題教案---閱讀理解

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上閱讀理解專題 選擇性閱讀?？贾R清單一、 考點分析1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題這種題目比較簡單,只要閱讀全文,了解文中所敘述的重要事實或細(xì)節(jié)就可以解答出來,有的甚至可以從文章的原句中直接找到答案。 此類題目的出題形式很多,例如：（1）Which of the following statements is true?（2）Which of the following is （not） mentioned?（3）How many How much Where How What . . . ?要快速辨認(rèn)和記憶事實或細(xì)節(jié),就需要恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂貌殚喌姆椒ā?查閱是考生在對材料有所了解的情況下

2、進行的,它的特點是帶著問題去尋找答案。2. 猜測詞意題在閱讀中,我們經(jīng)常會遇到一些生詞,需要根據(jù)上下文猜測它們的意思。 此類問題考查學(xué)生緊扣原文,根據(jù)上下文語境判斷單詞、詞語或短句意義的能力。 常見的題型有：直接對生詞進行解釋；對多義詞或短語在文章具體語言環(huán)境中的意義作出準(zhǔn)確判斷；對英語中的一些格言或諺語進行解釋；對文中一些代詞的指代對象作出界定等。 這種題型常見的設(shè)題方式如下：（ 1 ） The underlined word （ phrase ） in the passage means.（2 ） The word “ it them” in the first paragraph ref

3、ers to.（3 ） The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means.（4）What does the underlined word” . . . “refer to.在做此類題時,考生應(yīng)緊扣原文,根據(jù)上下文語境進行判斷,切不要望文生義或斷章取義,也不能只選擇自己熟悉的意思。3. 推理判斷題推理判斷題屬于深層閱讀理解題。 它要求考生盡量考慮文中全部信息或事實,在通篇理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上,嚴(yán)格按照作者提供的信息推斷出作者的言外之意。 這種題型常見的設(shè)題方式有：（1）From the text, it can be inferred that

4、.（2）The passage suggests that.（3）Which of the following best describes.（4）The writers attitude towards . . . is.（5）From the text, we learn that .這種題目有一定難度,解答時必須根據(jù)上下文及相互間的關(guān)系或?qū)φ恼逻M行深層理解后,才能找到答案。 有時甚至還得聯(lián)系作者的意圖、態(tài)度等文外之意加以推理。4. 主旨?xì)w納題這種題型要求學(xué)生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上,對文章進行歸納、概括或評價。 解這種題目時,不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義,如涉及文章的標(biāo)題 （ titl

5、e）、主題 （main idea）、結(jié)論 （ conclusion）、結(jié)局 （end）等有關(guān)問題,都需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合所學(xué)語言知識進行邏輯思維、推理、判斷,從而獲取文章中的內(nèi)在信息。 常見的設(shè)題方式有：（1）The general idea of the passage is about.（2）The main idea of the article is.（3）The main purpose of this selection is.（4）The passage suggests that.（5）Which of the following best states the the

6、me of the passage?二、 解題步驟做閱讀理解時,可遵循三部曲的原則,即：快速閱讀短文；認(rèn)真逐題作答；復(fù)查校對答案。第一步,快速閱讀短文。先讀題,明確題目要求,弄清考點,然后帶著問題去讀文章,這種方法在英語中稱為 scanning,就是尋讀。 快速閱讀一遍弄清段落大意,對全文有一個整體了解,掌握中心意思,注意哪些用以說明中心意思的主要事實和細(xì)節(jié),抓住關(guān)鍵詞,弄清作者寫此篇文章的目的及意圖。 如遇到生詞,應(yīng)先跳過,繼續(xù)通讀全文,切忌長時間死扣生詞,因為有些生詞并不影響對全文的理解,還有一些詞可以通過上下文推測含義。第二步,認(rèn)真逐題作答?？赐甓涛暮?對整篇短文的內(nèi)容有了大致的了解,然

7、后馬上看后面的問題,帶著問題去找答案。 如果屬于客觀信息題,就可直接在短文中找到出處。 如果是主觀判斷題,則應(yīng)迅速再讀全文,仔細(xì)分析思考,將近似的答案對照原文反復(fù)比較,推敲,選出最佳答案。第三步,仔細(xì)校對所選答案。做完所有題目后,再讀一遍短文,逐一檢查所有答案是否有誤。 如果有拿不定主意的答案,不要隨意更改。 一定要從原文中找到依據(jù)。1. 如果文長題少,則以略讀的方式先讀一遍,而后帶著問題去查閱,求得要找的答案。2. 如果文短題多,則應(yīng)先仔細(xì)閱讀該短文,再去做題。 遇到某個題答不來時,可帶著該問題去查閱有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。3.如果問的是一段文章的中心思想,則應(yīng)重點讀段首句和段尾句,看是否有主題句。 有時

8、主題句可能位于段中,也有的段落無明顯的主題句,那就要自己分析、歸納中心思想。4. 如果問題要求解答數(shù)字、人名、地名、時間等,則可直接用查閱的方法來尋求答案,也可先略讀而后查閱。5. 如果文章中提到的事實多、涉及面廣,可采取抓關(guān)鍵詞的辦法,記住文章中所談及的各個方面,從而判斷選取答問題。6. 有時遇到看不懂的難句,讀了幾遍仍然不懂,可作記號,暫時放下,留待以后有時間再來考慮?？偠灾?掌握一定的閱讀技巧和方法固然重要,但要想在閱讀理解這一重要知識板塊取得高分,還必須經(jīng)過堅持不懈的努力。 閱讀理解需要扎實的語言基礎(chǔ)以及熟練的語言能力,而扎實的語言基礎(chǔ)來自平時嚴(yán)格的基本功訓(xùn)練,熟練的語言能力來自長期

9、的知識積累以及運用。 只要平時刻苦努力,打下扎實的英語基礎(chǔ)知識,再加上科學(xué)的解題方法,閱讀理解不失分就不再是一個遙不可及的夢想了?！纠?In the past, when people had problems, they usually went to their families or friends to get advice. Today it is possible to get advice from radio shows, TV programmes and telephone hot lines. A hot line is a telephone line. It off

10、ers a direct way of getting in touch with advisers. Most hot lines are completely anonymous. That is to say, callers do not have to say their names or telephone numbers. Most hot lines are usually free. Callers do not have to pay for the advice or the phone calls. At some hot lines,the advisers are

11、volunteers. Other hot lines pay their advisers for their work. Usually the advisers are full-time-job people with years of education and experience, but sometimes,the advisers have only taken a short class before starting to work on the hot line. All the advisers listen to people and help them solve

12、 their problems.1. How did people get advice when they had problems in the past?A. They listened to radio shows.B. They went to their families or friends.C. They watched TV programmes.D. They made telephone calls.2. What is a telephone hot line?A. A hot telephone.B. A phone call to the listeners.C.

13、A telephone line for people to get advice.D. A training class on the phone.3. What does the underlined word anonymous mean in Chinese inthe passage?A. 匿名的 B. 虔誠的C. 開放的 D. 免費的4. According to the passage,how does a caller get in touch with the adviser working on the hot line?【主旨大意】 本文主要介紹獲得建議的途徑和方法。1.

14、 B 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 由第一段第一句可知在過去,人們從家人或朋友那里得到建議。 故選 B。2. C 解析：推理判斷題。 由短文內(nèi)容判斷：電話熱線就是為人們提建議的電話線。 故選 C。3. A 解析：詞義猜測題。 根據(jù) “打電話的人沒有必要說出名字和電話號碼”“猜測 anonymous”一詞的意思是”匿名的”。 故選 A。4. D 解析：主旨大意題。 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷：打電話的人通過熱線與建議者取得聯(lián)系。 故選 D中考真題演練Passage 1Computers are good tools （工具）. The Internet is also good. But some people s

15、pend too much time online. They cant stop. Doctors say this is a new sickness. They call this sickness Internet Addiction! （互聯(lián)網(wǎng)成癮癥）（IAD People with IAD are online a lot. They spend hours chatting to their friends or playing online games. Many people with IAD spend more time on the Internet than with

16、 family or friends. Some people with IAD even quit（辭掉） their jobs!Do you have IAD? Think about these questions： How many hours a day are you online? Is it a lot or a little? When you are not online, are you thinking about playing a computer game or checking your messages? When you are online,do you

17、forget the time? Do you get angry when you cant play a game?If you have IAD,what can you do? Dr. Ivan Goldberg and Dr. Kimberly S. Young have some ideas. First,ask yourself “Why am I online a lot?” Then try to take a break. For example, use the computer or play games twice a week,not every day. In t

18、his way, you can have a good social life with other friends.1. The passage is mainly about .A. a new sickness B. an online gameC. messages D. computer jobs2. If you have Internet Addiction Disorder （IAD）,you .A. are online for an hour a weekB. send e-mall messages at workC. are on the Internet more

19、than with friendsD. never use the computer3. According to the passage,which is NOT a sign of IAD?A. Quitting your job to spend more time online.B. Spending time with family and friends.C. Forgetting the time when you are online.D. Getting angry when you cant play a game.4. Ivan Goldberg and Kimberly

20、 S. Young .A. quit their jobs B. are online a lotC. have IAD D. help people with IADPassage 2 “My dear lady,” says Holmes. “ Youre shivering. Are you cold? Do you want a cup of hot tea?”“Im not cold,” the woman replies,”I fear for my life!”“We are here to help you. Dont worry about anything. I dont

21、know you. But I know many things about you. For example,I know how you travel. You come to London by train. You also ride to thetrain station on a horse-drawn wagon（馬車）. “ “Why,yes. Youre right. But how do you know these things?” “I see a return ticket in your glove. I see fresh mud on the left arm

22、of your dress. Now tell us your problem. “ “My name is Helen Stoner,” she states. “My mother and father are dead. I am living with my stepfather, Dr Grimesby Roylott. He comes from a rich family. But they are no longer rich. They have nothing except a small piece of land and a huge old house. We are

23、 living in the house. Dr Roylott is using my mothers money for expenses（開支）. Part of it was for my sister and me. It was for our marriages. “Holmes is sitting in his chair. His eyes are closed. He is listening carefully to Helens story. He hears every detail. Helen continues. “My stepfather has no f

24、riends. He fights with everyone. He is strong and gets angry quickly. Everyone is afraid of him. “He has no friends at all?” asks Holmes.“No. He talks to no one except the gypsies. They are poor people who travel from place to place. A band of gypsies is staying on our land right now. “Are you and y

25、our sister afraid of the gypsies?” “My dear Mr Holmes. You are making me so sad. My sister is dead. That is why I am standing here in this room. “1. Paragraph 6 beginning with “My name is . . . “ is mostly about.A. Helens dead sisterB. Helens trip to LondonC. the house Helen lives inD. Helens stepfa

26、ther and the family2. What is Holmes doing while Helen is telling her story?A. Walking slowly. B. Listening carefully.C. Standing sadly.D. Writing quickly.3. Which of the following can best describe the gypsies according tothe passage?A. They are very rich.B. They are afraid of other people.C. They

27、live on a horse-drawn wagon.D. They move from one place to another.4. The passage is probably from .A. a novel B. a guideC. a poem D. an advertisementPassage 3 My Year AbroadThis month in Travelers Corner there are three teenagers experiences in year-abroad programmes.Mariko OkadaTokyo My year abroa

28、d in the United States was a fantastic experience. Im not a shy person,and I was very comfortable speaking to everyone,so I got lots of speaking practice. I also learned lots of interesting things about American culture. When I got home,my friends all said that I had improved so much! I hope to go b

29、ack again in the future. Carla FonsecaRio de Janeiro I spent last year studying English in London. Im from a small town,and London is a very big city. Sometimes I felt it was too big. There were so many people to talk to,but I always felt bad about my English. I missed my family,and I really missed

30、my two cats. My roommate was always using our telephone,so I hardly had the chance for a nice long talk with my parents. I think it was a good experience for me,but Im glad to be home!Alvin ChenHong KongStudying in New Zealand was a fun experience for me,but it was also lots of hard work! I had Engl

31、ish classes six hours a day,five days a weekwith lots of homework. I also kept a diary of my experience. I like to write,and I wrote two or three pages in my diary every day. On Saturdays,my homestay family took me to lots of interesting places and showed me so many wonderful things about the cultur

32、e. Im really glad I went!1. All the three teenagers went abroad .A. to study English B. to visit friendsC. to have a holiday D. to find a job2. Who didnt really enjoy the stay in a foreign country very much?A. Mariko. B. Carla.C. Alvin. D. None of them.3. Travelers Corner is most probably .A. a spor

33、ts club newsletter B. a science documentaryC. a travel magazine D. a news websitePassage 4 We were doing our best to control the fire of the burning garage（車庫）. Outside,I heard the sound of cats crying. I couldnt stopI would have to look for the cats after the fire was put out. It took a long time t

34、o finally bring the big fire under control. No one inside was hurt. At that point I was free to find out where the cat noises were from. There was still a lot of smoke and heat coming from the building. I followed the meowing to the sidewalk in front of the garage. There,crying and huddled（擠作一團） tog

35、ether,were five frightened kittens（小貓）. They must have been inside the building, as their fur was badly burned. I wanted to find the mother. It was obvious that she had gone into the burning garage and carried out all her babies,one by oneunbelievable.We finally found her. Her face and paws were bla

36、ckened,and her fur was burned all over. You could even see her reddened skin under the burned fur. She could hardly move. I picked her up,and she relaxed in my arms as much as her pain would allow. I was determined（下定決心的） to save this brave little cat and her family.The veterinarian（獸醫(yī)） told me they

37、 would watch the kittens and their mother for the night,but they werent confident about the mothers chances. About a week later, I found out she was going to live. We named her Scarlet because of her reddened skin. I was happy to see Scarlet get together with the kittens again. She touched each of t

38、hem,nose to nose. She had risked her life five times-and it had paid off. All of her babies had survived.As a firefighter,I see heroic acts every day. But what Scarlet showed me that day was the kind of bravery that can only come from a mothers love.1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the

39、 story?A. The writer went to look for the cats as soon as he heard themcrying.B. The firefighters put out the fire quickly and no one was hurt.C. The writer didnt find the cats until the smoke and heat were gone.D. The mother cat moved all her babies out of the fire to a safeplace.2. Why was the wri

40、ter determined to save the cats?A. Because he was amazed at the mother cats courage.B. Because the cats attracted many peoples attention.C. Because he didnt want to see any living things die.D. Because it had taken him much time and effort to find them.3. The writer talks about the cats story mainly

41、 to show that .A. animals should be taken good care ofB. mothers love can be great and braveC. it is meaningful to help othersD. a cat always has nine livesPassage 5 Its Friday evening. My daughters,3 and 9,sigh（嘆息） when I gently take the iPads away from their laps. One by one,our screens are turned

42、 off. We light the candles and sit down to have a big meal. Most people in our lives know they will not be able to contact us by using computers or mobile phones for 24 hours. And so it has gone,every week for three years. We call it our “Technology Shabbat （科技安息日）” which lasts from sunset on Friday

43、 to sunset on Saturday. I first understood the importance of disconnecting in 2008,when my father was told that he had got brain cancer. Some days he would have only one good hour,and I wasnt willing to be disturbed when I was with him,so Id turn off my mobile phone. Soon after,encouraged by Nationa

44、l Day of Unplugging（全國斷網(wǎng)斷電日） on March 1st,my husband and I decided to unplug for one full day every week. During our “Technology Shabbats”,time slows. Our Saturdays now feel like mini-vacations. We drive our car or ride our bikes. We,with our kids,work in the garden,play board games and cook meals.

45、I feel more balanced. I feel like a better mother,wife and person. Keeping a balance between the good and the bad of technology is my lasting state. The technology weve created makes it possible for us to share knowledge and take in various ideas all over the world. But the technology also takes som

46、ething away from us. When we stay up late at night linking（連接） from website to website or sending messages or e-mailing,we click again,and again,and againuntil were overloaded（超負(fù)荷的）. When we rush into the time full of high technology,its necessary for us to pay attention to what we are doing online

47、and when we should go off. I will always remember the most important thing in my family： “Technology Shabbat”.1. When is “Technology Shabbat” in the writers family?A. Only on Sunday.B. From sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday.C. Only on Friday.D. From sunset on Saturday to sunset on Sunday.2. The

48、 writers family have “Technology Shabbat” every week mainly because they hope to .A. save energy B. enjoy life togetherC. stay away from othersD. follow National Day of Unplugging3. What do the writers family NOT do during their “ Technology Shabbats”?A. They drive their car or ride bikes for mini-v

49、acations.B. They light the candles and sit down to have a big meal.C. They work in the garden,play board games and cook meals.D. They stay up late at night linking from website to website.4. Whats the main idea of the passage?A. Every family must have “Technology Shabbat”.B. A woman should learn to

50、be a good mother or wife.C. People need to stay away from technology properly.D. People had better not send messages,e-mail or chat online.Passage 6 Water is the most common substance （物質(zhì)） found on the earth,but less than 1 of the earths water is suitable for drinking. More than 1,000,000,000 people

51、 around the world survive on just o-ver l gallon of water a day. Probably more than 3,000,000,000 people may suffer from not having enough water by the year 2,025. You are considered lucky if you live in a country where you can drink water out of your kitchen tap or bathroom tap. People in some coun

52、tries have to pay for drinking water at home. So clean water is one of our most valuable natural resources（資源）. In fact,people waste（浪費） so much clean water today. In factories lots of water is wasted. At home many people are not taking showers but still baths,and many are brushing their teeth with

53、the tap turned on. Children are no longer taught how to save water . . . You can save clean water in many ways. For example, if you keep gold fish, the tank water is excellent for garden plants. And when you wash a milk bottle,pour the water on your house plants. Putting a brick or a water bottle in

54、to your toilet tank may help use less water,savirig many gallons over a long time. Using rainwater is another simple way to save clean water. You can use rainwater to wash your hands after gardening,flush the toilet, and wash your car,your pet,your driveway when they are dirty. For the same reason,p

55、eople in Malaysia are encouraged to use rainwater. If one has a house with a small garden,he would buy a huge plastic tank to keep rainwater for their daily life. Use your head,and you may find more ways to save clean water.1. We can learn from the passage .A. when man cant live without waterB. wher

56、e there is no water resourceC. why there is less water on the earthD. how important it is to save water2. According to the passage,one of the ways to save water is.A. to stop keeping gold fishB. to pay much for drinking waterC. to use it in a clever wayD. to educate those who waste water3. The under

57、lined word “flush” in Paragraph 4 means “ “A. clean something with waterB. pour water over somethingC. make something wet with waterD. get water out of something4. People are encouraged to use rainwater.A. so that it can make our life easierB. so that clean water can be kept for other usesC. because

58、 it is free and easy to getD. because there is no clean water left for themPassage 7 In April,2013,I visited Yangzhou.Ge Garden is very beautiful and peaceful. The ticket has a map on the back of it that I didnt notice until I had already left. But to be honest,I dont think that map is very useful because it isnt very c