形容詞和副詞復(fù)習(xí)

1、形容詞在句中的作用 形容詞用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞作定語(yǔ)，或用作表語(yǔ)The angry father shouted at his son. Tom was angry with his father. 形容詞用于連系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ) Its getting cold. These cakes taste nice. 某些形容詞如happy, glad, surprised, sure, afraid 等用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，可接動(dòng)詞不定式或狀語(yǔ)從句Im glad to meet you. He was surprised to see his teacher. We were happy to learn th

2、at our teacher had got well. Im sure that they will come and watch our performance. 形容詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) Many foreigners find Chinese difficult. Well make our school more beautiful. We must keep our classroom clean. 只用作表語(yǔ)的形容詞alone, afraid, asleep, well, ill, sorry, sure, glad She is alone in her bedroom. Be q

3、uiet, please. The baby is asleep. Are you sure of its truth?形容詞的主動(dòng)意義和被動(dòng)意義 The weather is pleasant these days. He is pleased with our compositions. The cartoon is very interesting. Even my parents are interested in the cartoon. What freezing weather! The pool was frozen.sunrainwindcloudfriendcareinte

4、restuse掌握下列名詞和形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)化掌握下列名詞和形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)化sunnyrainywindycloudycarefulinterestingfriendlyuseful John Smith, a successful businessman, has a car. （04遼寧） Alarge German white Blarge white German Cwhite large German DGerman large white B B This _ girl is Linds cousin. (05北京卷) A. pretty little SpanishB. Spanish l

5、ittle pretty C. Spanish pretty littleD. little pretty Spanish One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old由“限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-(大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新舊，顏色) -性質(zhì)-名詞”的公式可知，描繪詞 + 大小 + 出處的順序，最符合答案。根據(jù)排列順序： 大小、形狀大小、形狀 + +年齡年齡+ +顏色顏色+ +來(lái)

6、源來(lái)源+ +質(zhì)地質(zhì)地+ +用途用途+ +名詞名詞可選擇AA AA A1.副詞的作用副詞的作用: 用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞、用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞、全句或名詞詞組及句子全句或名詞詞組及句子用用 法法例例 句句作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)My mother is out 作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)The girl there is my friend 作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)He runs fast 作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)I found him outside二 、副詞副詞的分類(lèi) 時(shí)間副詞 yesterday, then, later, just, soon, first, finally, never, seldom, often

7、地點(diǎn)副詞 here, there, home, anywhere, everywhere, somewhere, above, down, back 方式副詞 carefully, clearly, easily 程度副詞 very, quite, rather 疑問(wèn)副詞 when ,how, why 連接副詞 however 句子副詞 certainly, generally, surely2.有許多副詞是對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞有許多副詞是對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞加加ly構(gòu)成構(gòu)成real really如如: strong strongly詞尾是詞尾是y的要把的要把y變?yōu)樽優(yōu)閕再加再加 ly,如如:busy bus

8、ily happy happily有幾個(gè)特殊的要去有幾個(gè)特殊的要去e后再加后再加-ly或或y,如如:true truly terrible -terribly以以e結(jié)尾的結(jié)尾的,大部分直接加大部分直接加-ly, 如如:wide widely brave bravely good的副詞是的副詞是well. well 也可作形也可作形容詞用，但只有唯一的意思容詞用，但只有唯一的意思healthy 健康的健康的hard 既是形容詞也是副詞既是形容詞也是副詞,作形容詞作形容詞是是“困難的困難的”difficult，作副詞是，作副詞是“努力地努力地”。hardly的意思是的意思是“幾乎不幾乎不”它和它和

9、hard沒(méi)關(guān)系沒(méi)關(guān)系注意下面兼有兩種形式的副詞注意下面兼有兩種形式的副詞 1) close 與與 closely close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔細(xì)地” He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.2) late 與與 lately late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近” You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?3) deep 與與 deeplydeep意思是“深”，表示時(shí)間和空間深度；deeply時(shí)常 表示感情上的深度，深深地 He push

10、ed the stick deep into the mud. He often works deep into the night. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4) high 與與 highly high表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當(dāng)于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.5) wide 與與 widely wide表示空間寬度；widely意思是“廣泛地”，“在許多 地方” He opened the door wide. Englis

11、h is widely used in the world.6) free 與與 freely free的意思是免費(fèi)；freely 的意思是無(wú)限制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like. 構(gòu)成方法構(gòu)成方法 原級(jí)原級(jí) 比較級(jí)比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)最高級(jí)一般在詞尾加一般在詞尾加 -er 或或 -est以字母結(jié)尾的，以字母結(jié)尾的，加加 -r 或或 -st以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，要先雙寫(xiě)這一字母，要先雙寫(xiě)這一

12、字母，再加字母，再加 -er 或或 -est以輔音字母加以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)結(jié)尾的，先把尾的，先把 y 變成變成 i，再加，再加 -er 或或 -est單單音音節(jié)節(jié)詞詞和和部部分分雙雙音音節(jié)節(jié)詞詞雙雙音音節(jié)節(jié)詞詞和和多多音音節(jié)節(jié)詞詞在形容詞、在形容詞、副詞前加副詞前加more 或或 most。tall, long, taller, longertallest, longestnice, latenicer, laternicest, latestbig, thinbigger, thinner biggest, thinnesthappyheavyhappierheavierhappiesth

13、eaviestbeautifulcarefulexpensiveinterestingdangerousmore beautifulmore carefulmore expensivemore interestingmore dangerousGrammarmost beautifulmost carefulmost expensivemost interestingmost dangerous 二、不規(guī)則變化：（需記憶）二、不規(guī)則變化：（需記憶） 原原 形形 比比 較較 級(jí)級(jí) 最最 高高 級(jí)級(jí)good wellbadillmanymuchlittleoldfarbetter worsemor

14、elessolderelderfartherfurtherbest worstmostleastoldesteldestfarthestfurthestGrammarGrammar 用法：用法： (一一) 原級(jí)原級(jí)1、是形容詞和副詞的基本形式，用來(lái)描述人物或動(dòng)作。、是形容詞和副詞的基本形式，用來(lái)描述人物或動(dòng)作。 e.g. John is a tall boy. Our country is beautiful and strong. Rabbits run fast.2、用于原級(jí)比較。表示兩者在某一方面程度相同，用、用于原級(jí)比較。表示兩者在某一方面程度相同，用 “as + 形容詞（副詞）原形形

15、容詞（副詞）原形 + as” 的句型。表示甲在某一方面不的句型。表示甲在某一方面不 及乙時(shí)，用及乙時(shí)，用 “not as (so) + 形容詞（副詞）原形形容詞（副詞）原形 + as” 的句型。的句型。 e.g. Joan is just as careful as Kate. Tom walks as fast as Mike. Its not as (so) warm today as yesterday. He didnt come as (so) early as Wanglin.Grammar (二二) 比較比較級(jí)級(jí) 用來(lái)比較兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)物。用來(lái)比較兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)物。句型是句型是 (1

16、) 比較級(jí)比較級(jí) + than (2) 比較級(jí)比較級(jí) ( 特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句)， or e.g. A horse is heavier than a sheep. Her nails are longer than mine. The boy runs faster than his elder brother. Who is more careful, Rose or Mary? Which is bigger, the sun or the moon? Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. She writes better t

17、han anyone else in her class.注意：在形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)前，可以用注意：在形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)前，可以用 much, a little, still, even, far, a bit, a lot 等來(lái)修飾。等來(lái)修飾。e.g. Mike is much taller than Tom. May I keep this book a little longer? Little James is even stronger than his father. (三三) 最高級(jí)最高級(jí)用來(lái)比較三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物。用來(lái)比較三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物。一般都帶有一個(gè)由一般都帶

18、有一個(gè)由 of 或或 in 構(gòu)成的表示范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)。構(gòu)成的表示范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)。e.g. This elephant is the heaviest one in the zoo. Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth? The sun is the biggest of the three. David is the cleverest boy in his class. Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth. Who works (the) hardes

19、t, Tom, Jack or Mike? She sings (the) best of us four. Lesson 10 is the most difficult in Book I.注意：形容詞最高級(jí)前一定要有定冠詞注意：形容詞最高級(jí)前一定要有定冠詞 the，副詞最高級(jí)可有可無(wú)。，副詞最高級(jí)可有可無(wú)。Grammar 1、as as 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself. A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight

20、C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is _ it is long. Ahalf not as wide asBwide not as half as Cnot half as wide asDas wide as not half B BC Cas tall as “高達(dá)”, five foot eight = five feet eight inchesas wide as 是比較，所以倍數(shù)詞應(yīng)放在前面

21、。說(shuō)明：說(shuō)明：1）在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中可用so as。He cannot run so/as fast as you.2）當(dāng)as as 中間有名詞時(shí)采用以下格式。 as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞 as + many/much +名詞 This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can.3）用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在as的 前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as min

22、e.4) 倍數(shù)+ the + n + of 倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as This bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine. 5) 數(shù)量詞 + senior / junior + to He is seven years senior to his wife. I am three years juni

23、or to my elder sister.、 more than 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)Is your headache getting _? No, its worse. AbetterBbadClessDwell Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move _? A. a bit farB. a little farther C. a bit of fartherD. a little far The number of people present at the concert was _ than expected. There were ma

24、ny tickets left. Amuch smallerBmuch more Cmuch largerDmany moreA AB BA A1）要避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。 (錯(cuò)) He is more cleverer than his brother. (對(duì)) He is cleverer than his brother.2）要避免將主語(yǔ)含在比較對(duì)象中。 (錯(cuò)) China is larger that any country in Asia. (對(duì)) China is larger than any other country in Asia.3）要注意對(duì)應(yīng)句型，遵循前后一致的原則。 T

25、he population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）程度詞 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等詞可修飾比較級(jí)。除 外，還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語(yǔ)。以 上詞 (除by far) 外，必須置于比較級(jí)形容詞或副詞的前 面。而 by far 一般置于比較級(jí)之后和最高級(jí)之前。

26、、of the two 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) Of the two shirts, Id like to choose _ one. A. the less expensiveB. the most expensive C. less expensiveD. most expensive If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _ choice. A. goodB. the bestC. betterD. the better說(shuō)明：說(shuō)明：在 of the two 結(jié)構(gòu)中，比較級(jí)前要加 the，但如果不在 of

27、the two 結(jié)構(gòu)中，要注意冠詞的使用。后有名詞的時(shí)候，前面才有可能有冠詞。 比較：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. A AD D4、the + 最高級(jí)最高級(jí) + 比較范圍比較范圍 David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very exci

28、ted now and feels_ desire to go to bed. A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least Greenland, _ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers. A. it is the largestB. that is the largest C. is the largestD. the largestD DD D1)形容詞最高級(jí)前必須用定冠詞 the，副詞最高級(jí)前可不用。 The shortest boy runs fastest in the 100-meter race. 形容詞 most 前面沒(méi)有 the，不表示最高級(jí)的含義，只表示“非常”。It is a most important problem. = It is a very important problem.注意：注意： 使用最高級(jí)要注意將主語(yǔ)