最全面英國文學史知識點總結

1、本文檔如對你有幫助，請幫忙下載支持！英國文學史I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf> 貝奧武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.Artistic features

2、:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound （頭韻）Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical wa

3、y for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里喬叟 13401400（首創(chuàng)“雙韻體”，英國文學史上首先用倫敦方言寫作。約翰德萊頓（ John Dryden）稱其為“英國詩歌之父” 。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。 ）The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. <The Canterbury Tales> 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet （雙韻體） by middle Engli

4、sh <Troilus and Criseyde> 特羅伊拉斯和克萊希德 <The House of Fame> 聲譽之宮Medieval Ages popular Literary form: Romance（ 傳奇故事）Famous three： King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfii The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the Englis

5、h Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance rebirth o

6、r revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯賓塞 15521599（后人稱之為 “詩人的詩人”。 ） The poets poet. Th

7、e first to be buried in the Poet s corner of WesterminsterAbbey <The Faerie Queene>仙后（for Queen Elizabeth）The theme is not “ Armsand the man” ,but something more romantic “ Fiercewars and faithfull loves ”.Artistic features:1. Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of

8、nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. <The Shepherds Calendar牧人日歷The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind. <Amoretti> 愛情小唱?2. Thomas? More 托馬斯?莫爾14781535One of the greatest English humanists <Utopia> 烏托邦3. Francis? Bacon 弗蘭西

9、斯培根 15611626（哲學家、散文家；在論述探究知識的著作中提出了知識就是力量這一著名論斷；近代唯物主義哲學的奠基人和近代實驗科學的先驅。）Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.?Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man

10、s reason. <The Advancement of Learning> 學術的推進 <Essays> 隨筆（famous quotas: <Of studies）？The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.4. Ben Jonson <Comedy of Humours> <Volpone, or the fox> 狐貍5. Christoph

11、er? Marlowe 柯里斯托弗馬洛 15641595“ University Wits ” , the pioneer of English drama（完善了無韻體詩。）Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. <The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus> 浮士德博士的悲?。ǜ鶕?jù)德國民間故事書寫成） <Tamburlaine> 帖木耳大帝? <The Jew of Malta> 馬耳他的猶太人6. William Shakespeare 威廉莎士比亞 15

12、641616? Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ； Richard II ； Henry VIII Four Comedies 四大喜劇:<As You Like It> 皆大歡喜;<Twelfth Night> 第十二夜;<A Midsummer Night S Dream> 仲夏夜之夢;<Merchant Of Venice> 威尼斯商人 Four Tragedies 四大悲劇:<Hamlet> 哈姆萊特;<Othello> 奧

13、賽羅 ;<King Lear> 李爾王 ;<Macbeth> 麥克白 Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.III The 17th Century1. John Milton 約翰弓爾頓 16081674（詩

14、人、政論家;失明后寫失樂園、 復樂園、 力士參孫。 ） Epics: <Paradise Lost> 失樂園Paradise? Regained復樂園 Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes> 力士參孫 <Areopagitica> 論出版自由?<The Defence of the English People> 為英國人民聲辯 <On His Blindness> 我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cd

15、e cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan 約翰班揚 16281688（代表作天路歷程，宗教寓言，被譽為“具有永恒意義的百科全書”，是英國文學史上里程碑式著作。與但丁的神曲、奧古斯丁的懺悔錄并列為世界三大宗教題材文學杰作。）Puritan poet（清教徒派詩人） Religionary Allegory:<The Pil

16、grim ' s Progress天路歷程3. John Donnethe Metaphysical poet（ 玄學派詩人）.Metaphysical Poetry（ 玄學詩）： （用語）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, （ 形式 ）the form isfrequently an argument with the poet s beloved, with god, or with himself. （主題：love, religious, thought ）Artistic features:1. con

17、ceits or imagery 奇思妙喻2. syllogism 三段論 Meditations 沉思錄 The Flea 虱子 Songs And Sonnets Holy Sonnets Valediction:<Forbidding MourningIV The 18th CenturyA revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion（ 抑制情感） and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement w

18、as a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason（rationality）, equality&science（the 18th century） 小說崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised（realistic novel 現(xiàn)實主義小說）Gothic novel（ 哥特式小說）： mystery, horro

19、r, castles（from middle part to the end of century）1. Alexander? Pope 亞歷山大蒲柏 16881744（18世紀英國最偉大的詩人，其af多用“英雄雙韻體"/ “ heroic couplets”。詞句工整、精練、富有哲理性。 ）One of the first to introduce rationalism to England. <An Essay on Criticism> 批評論Artistic features:1 .Using “ heroic couplets ” <The Rape o

20、f the Lock> 卷發(fā)遇劫記 <Moral Essays> 道德論<Essay on Man> 人論<The Dunciad> 愚人記2. Samuel Johnson 塞繆爾約翰遜17091784 Dictionary =<A Dictionary of English Language> 英語大詞典3. Jonathan Swift 喬納森斯威夫特 16671745（十八世紀杰出的政論家和諷刺小說家a master satirist。 ）Gulliver' s Travels格列佛游記（fictional work）Fou

21、r parts:Lilliput 小人國Brobdingnag 大人國Flying Island 飛島Houyhnhnm 馬島<A Modest Proposal> 一個小小的建議 <The Battle of Books> 書戰(zhàn)<A Tale of a Tub>木桶的故事<The Drapper' s Letters一個麻布商的書信4. Daniel Defoe 丹尼爾笛福 16601731小說家，新聞記者，小冊子作者；十八世紀英國現(xiàn)實主義小說的奠基人。He is the first writer study of the lower-cla

22、ss people,hislanguage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.Robinson Crusoe魯賓遜漂流記It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in

23、 his eventful life.It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. Moll Flanders> Colonel Jacque> Captain singleton>5. Henry Fielding 亨利菲

24、爾丁 17071754（英國小說家，戲劇家，被譽為“英國小說之父”。 ）He is called “ Father of English novel ” . He was the first to write a “ Comic epic in prose ” （散文體史詩）, andthe first to give the modern novel its structure and style. novels:<The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling棄嬰湯姆瓊斯<The History of the Adventures of Joseph

25、 Andrews約瑟夫安德魯<The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great大詩人江奈生威爾德<Amelia 愛米利亞 plays:<The Historical Register for 1736 一七三六年歷史記事<Don Quixote in England 堂吉柯德在英國6. Oliver Goldsmith 奧利弗格爾德斯密斯17301774 poems:<The Traveller 旅游人<The Deserted Village 荒村 novel:<The Vicar of Wakefield 威克菲爾德牧

26、師傳7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查德布林斯利施萊登 17511816 <The Rivals 情敵 <The School for Scandal 造謠學校8. William Blake 威廉布萊克 17571827 <Songs of Innocence天真之歌A happy and innocent world from children s eye. <Songs of Experience 經驗之歌A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a mela

27、ncholy tone from men eyes.Include: <The Chimney Sweeper<London<The TygerLamb is a symbol of peace and purityTyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence <The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 天堂與地獄的婚姻9. Robert Burns 羅伯特彭斯 17591796The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.Poems Chiefly in

28、the Scottish Dialect 主要用蘇格蘭方言寫的詩<John Anderson, My Jo>約翰安德生，我的愛人<A Red, Red Rose一朵紅紅的玫瑰 <Auld Long? Syne 往昔時光 <A Man' s a Man for A' That>不管那一套 <My Heart s in the Highlands 我的心在那高原上 <Bruce At Bannockburn <The Tree Of LibertyV The Romantic PeriodThe romantic period

29、began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge s <Lyricalend in 1832 with Sir Walt er Scott s death.Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual ' s mind.（人應該是獨立自 由的個體 ）In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civil

30、ization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).“The Lake Poets” 湖畔詩人 ,who lived in the lake district.William Wordsworth; Samuel T

31、aylor Coleridge; Robert Southey1. William Wordsworth 威廉華茲華斯 17701850(與柯爾律治、騷塞同被稱為“湖畔派”詩人。 The Lake Poets) <Lyrical Ballads> 抒情歌謠集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge) <I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud>Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him and

32、 knowledge fullof peace ”2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils( 水仙 ) and po

33、et s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts. Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey The Solitary Reaper 孤獨的割麥女 <The Prelude序曲2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞繆爾泰勒科爾律治 17721834 The Lake Poets <The Rime of the Ancient Mariner> 古舟子頌 <Christabel> 柯里斯塔貝爾 <Kubla Khan> 忽必烈汗Artist

34、ic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory <Frost at Night> 半夜冰霜 <Dejection, an Ode> 憂郁頌 <Lyrical Ballads> 抒情歌謠集(with William Wordsworth)3. George Gordon Byron 喬治戈登拜倫 17881824(拜倫式英雄Byronic heroes 孤傲、狂熱、浪漫，卻充滿了反抗精神。內心充滿了孤獨與苦悶，卻又蔑視群小。恰爾德哈羅德是拜倫詩歌中第一個

35、“拜倫式英雄”。)“ Byronichero ” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles. <Don Juan> 唐璜<Childe Harold ' s Pilgrimage恰爾德哈羅德爾游記<Cain> 該隱<When We Two Parted>當初我們倆分別<She Walks In Beauty>4. Persy Bysshe Shelley 波西?比希?雪萊17921

36、822 Poetic Drama： <Prometheus Unbound> 解放了的普羅米修斯Theme: the drama celebraies man s victory over tyranny and oppression <Queen Mab> 麥布女王<Revolt of Islam> 伊斯蘭的反叛<The Cenci> 欽契一家<A Defence of Poetry> 詩辯<The Necessity of Atheism> 無神論的必要性 Lyrics:<Ode to the West Wind

37、> 西風頌Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about

38、renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life （which would end at death） but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonn

39、et length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.Artistic features:Using rerza rima（三行詩 aba bcb cdc ded efe ）<To a Skylark> 致云

40、雀5. John? Keats 約翰？濟慈 17951821（ “美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名詩句。 ） Four great odes: <Ode on a Grecian Urn> 希臘古甕頌<Ode to a Nightingale> 夜鶯頌<Ode to Psyche> 心靈頌<Ode On Melancholy> 憂郁頌 <To Autumn> 秋頌 ?Theme: The theme of John Keats' poem, "To Autumn", is that change is bot

41、h natural and beautiful.The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what

42、came before. Each of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.6. Jane Austen 簡奧斯丁 17751817She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire.

43、 <Sense and Sensibility> 理智與感情<Pride and Prejudic> 傲慢與偏見（chapter I）【 Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy 】 in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved【 Collins & Charlotte Lucas 】 see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of aging

44、spinsterhood【 Lydia & Wickham 】 shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money.【 Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh 】 comic characters<Mansfield Park> 曼斯菲爾德莊園<Emma> 愛瑪<Northanger Abbey> 諾桑覺寺<Persuasion> 勸導7. Walter? Scott 沃爾特?斯科特17

45、711832（歷史小說之父”）Father of history novels <Rob Roy> 羅伯?羅伊 <Ivanhoe> 艾凡赫VI The Victorian PeriodCommon sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events.1. Charles Dickens 查爾斯?狄更

46、斯18121870（批判現(xiàn)實主義小說家）critical realist writer <The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club> 匹克威克外傳 <Oliver Twist> 奧利弗?特維斯特（霧都孤兒）<The Old Curiosity Shop>老古玩店 <A Christmas Carol> 圣誕頌歌<Dombey and Son> 董貝父子<David Copperfield>大衛(wèi)?科波菲爾<Bleak House> 荒涼山莊<Hard Times&

47、gt; 艱難時世 <A Tale of Two Cities> 雙城記 （London & Paris）<Great Expectations> 遠大前程<Our Mutual Friend> 我們共同的朋友2. William Makepeace Thackeray 威廉?麥克匹斯?薩克雷18111863 <Vanity Fair> or a Novel without a Hero 名利場 （the name is an excerpt from <The Pilgrim s Progress>by John Bunyan

48、） <The Book Of Snobs>3. Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂?勃朗特18161855 <Jane Eyre>簡？愛Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a boverness at Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with the master,Mr. R

49、ochester.It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood SchoolIt is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling for recognition of their basic rights an

50、d equality as a human being. <Shirley> 雪莉 <Professor> 教師4. Emily Bronte 艾米莉？勃朗特18181854< Wuthering？ Heights> 呼嘯山莊A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.【 TheEarnshaw Family 】 Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine, Heathcliff【 The Linton Family

51、 】 Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella< Old Stoic>5. George Eliot 喬治？艾略特18191880<The Mill on the Floss> 弗洛斯河上的磨坊< Adam？ Bede> 亞當？比德< Silas？ Marner> 織工馬南< Middlemarch> 米德爾馬契6. Alfred Tennyson 阿爾弗萊德？丁尼生18091892（維多利亞時代最具代表性的偉大詩人）Poet Laureate （桂冠詩人）< In Me

52、moriam> 悼念To memorialize his friend< Break,? Break, Break> 沖擊、沖擊、沖擊< Idylls of the King> 國王敘事詩7. Robert? Browning 羅伯特?白朗寧18121889< My Last Dutchess> 我已故的公爵夫人< Home Thoughts From Abroad> 海外鄉(xiāng)思Elizabeth Barrett Browing: <Sonnet from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行詩8. Robert Louis Ste

53、vensonTreasure Island金車艮島9. Thomas? Hardy 托馬斯?哈代18401928（小說多以農村生活為背景；自然主義小說家。Wessex novels; novels of character and environment） Novels< Tess Of The D Urbervilles 德伯家的苔絲Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration< Jude The Obscure無名的裘德 < Under The Greenwood Tree 綠蔭下 < Far

54、 From? The Madding Crowd 遠離塵囂 < The Mayor Of Casterbridge 卡斯特橋市長 < The Return of the Native 還鄉(xiāng) PoemsWessex Poems And Other VersesPoems Of The Past And PresentThe Dynasts 列國VII 19001950 The 20th CenturyPlaywrights Oscar Wilde George Bernard Shaw1. Oscar Wilde 奧斯卡?王爾德18561900（ The Aesthetic Move

55、ment: Art for Art s Sake）4 Comedies:<The Importance Of Being Earnest 認真的重要<Lady Windermere' s Fan>溫德米爾夫人的扇子<A Woman Of No Importance 一個無足輕重的女人<An Ideal Husband 理想的丈夫 Novel:<The Picture Of Dorian Gray 多利安?格雷的畫像 Fairy Stories:<The Happy Prince And Other Tales 快樂王子故事集2. George

56、Bernard Shaw 喬治?伯納?蕭 18561950（ 英國杰出的批判現(xiàn)實主義劇作家）critical realistic dramatist Plays Plays Unpleasant<Mrs Warren ' S Profession華倫夫人的職業(yè)Widowers 'Houses鰥夫的房產 Plays Pleasant<Arms And Man 武器與人<The Man Of Destiny 左右命運的人 Plays<Man And Superman 人與超人<Pygmalion 匹格瑪利翁<The Apple Cart 蘋果車S

57、aint? Joan>圣女貞德Novelists (Realists)1. Joseph Concrad Lord Jim> 吉姆爺 Heart Of Darkness> 黑暗的心1 .Why the book s title is Heart of Darkness?The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of people sksin in there is black. Most important point about the title is to the evil in hu

58、mans eart. h2 .What is the symbolism of black and white【 Black / dark- 】 death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilizedMiddle Ages, when science and knowledge was suppressed, as the Dark Ages.According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light.According to

59、Heart of Darkness, before the Romans came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was considered to be in the“ dark stage ”.【 White / light 】 life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion.Yet, in Concrad, the usual pattern is reverse and darkness means truth(The truth within, therefore dark and obscure.), whiteness