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1、情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的詞義,但是不能獨(dú)立作謂語,只能和行為動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞用在行為動詞前,表示說話人對這一動作或狀態(tài)的看法或主觀設(shè)想。情態(tài)動詞雖然數(shù)量不多,但用途廣泛,主要有下歹U:can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare(dared), shall (should), will (would). 只做情態(tài)動詞 :must,can,may 可做情態(tài)動詞又可做 實(shí)義動詞:如:need , will, dare 具有情態(tài)動詞特征:have(had,has) to,used to , ought to 可做情態(tài)動詞又可作助動詞:
2、如:shall(should),will(would)注:must n't代表強(qiáng)烈禁止 must表示主觀,have to表示客觀。常用的有: can (could), may (might), must, n eed, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should),will (would)1- 具有助動詞作用,可以用來構(gòu)成否定句,疑問句及用于簡單回答。Can you sing an En glish song?你會唱英語歌嗎?Yes I can.是的,我會。2- 后接動詞原形,即不帶 to的不定式。She may lose her way. 她可能迷路了
3、。3- 無人稱和數(shù)的變化。We must stay here.我們必須待在這兒。He must stay here.他必須待在這兒。4- 有一定的詞義,但并不完整,必須與動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。(后面加動詞原形)5- 在以Could引導(dǎo)的表示委婉語氣的疑問句,常用來表示請求別人幫助或?qū)﹂L輩的請求的。如:(Could you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?)注意:這里不是情態(tài)動詞的用法?;卮馂椋嚎隙ǎ?Yes , I can./Sure./Certainly.否定:Sorry,I am afraid not.(在作否定回答時,要注意:在拒絕長輩的請求
4、時,不能用can not,這樣顯得語氣太過生硬,不禮貌。但是在長輩拒絕晚輩的請求是可以用can not的。)用法:首先它是動詞,而且不同于行為動詞,行為動詞表示的是可以通過行為來表達(dá)的動作(如寫,讀,跑),而情態(tài)動詞只是表達(dá)的一種想法(如能,也許,敢)。用法是:情態(tài)動詞+行為動詞原形例句:I can read this sentence in En glish.我能用英語讀這句話。情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說話人的情緒,態(tài)度或語氣的動詞,但不能 單獨(dú)作謂語,只能和其他 動詞原形 構(gòu)成謂語。We can be there on time tomorrow.我們明天能按時去那兒。May
5、I have your name?我能知道你的名字嗎?Shall we begin n ow? 我們現(xiàn)在就開始嗎?You must obey the school rules.你必須遵守校規(guī)。情態(tài)動詞數(shù)量不多,但用途廣泛,主要有下列:can (could),may (might),must, need,ought to,dare (dared),shall (should),will (would),have,had better.情態(tài)動詞還有一個很重要的用法,即情態(tài)動詞表推測一一用法小結(jié)(一)情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種句式1. 在肯定句中一般用must(定),can,could (可能),migh
6、t /may (也許,或許)。e.g:(1)He must/ca n/may,might know the an swer to this questi on.他一定/可能/也許知道這個問題的答案。(2) lt is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.屋里很冷,他們肯定把暖氣關(guān)了。2. 否定句中用 can ' t / couldn ' t (不可能),may not/might not(可能不)。e.g:(1)It can ' t/couldn ' t be the headmaste
7、r. He has gone to America.這不可能是校長,他去美國了。(2)He may no t/might not know the scie ntist.他也許不認(rèn)識那位科學(xué)家。3. 疑問句中用 can/could(能 ?)。e.g:(1) . Could he have finished the task?他可能把任務(wù)完成了嗎?(2). Can he be at home now?他現(xiàn)在能在家嗎?注:以上三種句式中情態(tài)動詞的語氣按程度都是依次遞減的。Might,could 并非may,ca n的過去式,而表示語氣較為委婉或可能性較小。(二)情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種時態(tài)1.對將來情
8、況的推測,用“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”。e.g:(1) . She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.5:00前她一定/可能/也許到。(2). She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meetinganyone.她一定/可能/也許會在山里一連走好幾英里而遇不到一個人。2 .對現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測,用“情態(tài)動詞+ be ”,“情態(tài)動詞 +be doing ”或“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”。e.g:(1) . He must / may / might /
9、could be listening to the radio now.他一定/可能/也許正在聽收音機(jī)。(2). He can ' t ( couldn ' t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.這個時候他不可能/可能不在家。(3) . Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the openingceremony布什先生一向準(zhǔn)時,這次開幕式他怎么可能遲到呢?3 .對過去情況的推測,用“情態(tài)動詞+ have +過去分詞”。e
10、.g:(1) . It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.地濕了,昨晚肯定/可能/也許下雨了。(2) . The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .門鎖著,他不可能/可能不在家。(3) . Can / Could he have gotten the book ?難道他找到書了嗎?注:情態(tài)動詞 should /ought to表推測時,意為“想必會,理應(yīng)”但與“ have
11、+過去分詞”連用時,則又可構(gòu)成虛擬語氣意為“本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒做”。例如:(4) . It' s seven o ' clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.現(xiàn)在七點(diǎn)鐘了,杰克理應(yīng)隨時到達(dá)。(推測)(5) . She should / ought to have attended your birthday party,but she had to look afterher mother in hospital. (虛擬)她本該出席你的生日晚會的,可是她得在醫(yī)院照顧她媽媽。(6) . Tom should not /o
12、ught not to have told me your secret,but he meant no harm.(虛擬)湯姆本不該告訴我你的秘密,可是他并無惡意。can和could 表推測對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼耐茰y,兩者均可用,但can通常只用于否定句或疑問句中,一般不用于肯定句,而could則可用于 肯定句、否定句和疑問句;對過去的推測,應(yīng)在can,could之后接動詞的完成式,且此時 can仍只用于否定句或疑問句,不用于肯定句;而 could則可用于各種句型。如:Can Could this be true? 這能是真的嗎Where can could he have gon e?他能到哪里去
13、了呢She can ' t couldn ' t have left so soon.她不可能走得這么早。He could have gone home. 他可能已回家了。注:could后接動詞的完成式,除表示對過去的推測外,還可表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性(即某事本來可以發(fā)生,卻沒發(fā)生),或委婉地責(zé)備某人過去應(yīng)該做某事而沒有去做(此時不用can )。如:You could have started a little earlier.你本可早點(diǎn)動身的。You needn ' t have cooked it. We could have eaten it raw.你其實(shí)可以
14、不煮熟(它),我們(本來)可以生吃。can 禾口 could 表允許表示現(xiàn)在的允許時,若是請求別人允許自己做某事,兩者均可用,但用could語氣更委婉;若是自己允許別人做某事,一般只用can,而不用could。如:Ca n Could I come in?我可以進(jìn)來嗎“ Could Ca n I use your pen?”“ Yes,of course you can. ”"我可以借用你的鋼筆嗎?""當(dāng)然可以。”(不能說Yes,you could.)表示過去的允許時,若表示過去一般性允許(即表示某人隨時都可以做某事),用could ; 若表示在過去某一特定情況下
15、允許進(jìn)行某一特定的活動,則不用could。如:When I lived at home,I could watch TV whe never I wan ted to.我住在家里時,想什么時候看電影就可以什么時候看。(一般性允許)I was allowed to see the film yesterday evening.昨天晚上允許我去看了電影。(特定的允許,不能用 could)can和could 表能力can表示現(xiàn)在的能力,could 表示過去的能力,要表示將來具備的能力通常be ableto的將來時態(tài)。其中要注意的是,could 表示過去的能力,通常只用于表示過去一般性能力,而不表示過
16、去具體某次特定情形下能夠做某事的能力。如:他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,所以考試能及格。誤: He studied hard and could pass the exam.正: He studied hard and was able to pass the exam.注:若在否定句中沒有以上限制,即couldn ' t可表示過去特定情況下的能力, 如可說He studied hard but still couldn' t pass the exam.口訣:情態(tài)動詞兩特點(diǎn)動詞原形接后面,說話語氣較委婉。can ”能力"may"許可”,must"責(zé)任"
17、或"義務(wù)”。否定回答 needn ' t 換,"需要"need, dare" 敢"。should"應(yīng)該",would"愿",have to"被 迫"表客觀。特點(diǎn):情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化,情態(tài)動詞后面跟的動詞須用原形,否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動詞 后面加"not"。個別情態(tài)動詞有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式,過去式用來表達(dá)更加客氣,委 婉的語氣,時態(tài)性不強(qiáng),可用于過去,現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。情態(tài)動詞屬非及物動詞,故沒有被動語態(tài)。He could be here soon.他很快就
18、來。We can't carry the heavy box.我們搬不動那箱子。rm sorry I can't help you.對不起,我?guī)筒簧夏??;局鷦釉~與情態(tài)助動詞最主要的區(qū)別之一是:基本助動詞本身沒有詞義,而情態(tài)助動詞則有自己的詞義,能表示說話人對有關(guān)動作或狀態(tài)的看法,或表示主觀設(shè)想:What have you bee n doi ng since?(構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行體,本身無詞義)你一直在干什么?I am afraid I must be going.(定要)恐怕我必須走了(或許已經(jīng))You may have read some acco unt of the mat
19、ter.你可能已經(jīng)讀過關(guān)于這件事的一些帳戶 除此之外,情態(tài)助動詞還有如下詞法和句法特征:1) 除ought和used和have to以外,其他情態(tài)動詞后面只能接不帶to的不定式。如果 我們把ought to和used to看做是固定詞組的話,那么,所有情態(tài)動詞無一例外地只能接 不帶to的不定式:We used to grow beautiful roses.我們過去常常種這種漂亮的玫瑰花I asked if he would come and repair my televisi on set.我問他是否來修我的電視機(jī)2)情態(tài)助動詞在限定動詞詞組總是位居第一:They n eed not ha
20、ve bee n puni shed so severely.他們不需要如此嚴(yán)厲的懲罰3) 情態(tài)助動詞用于第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時的時候,沒有詞形變化,即其詞尾無-s形式:She dare not say what she thin ks.她不敢說她是怎么想的4)情態(tài)動詞沒有非限定形式,即沒有不定式和分詞形式,也沒有相應(yīng)的動名詞:Still,she n eed n't have run away.不過,她不必跑了5)情態(tài)助動詞的“時”的形式并不是時間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志。在不少場合,情態(tài)助動詞的現(xiàn) 在時和過去時形式都可以表示現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)頃r間:Would you mind very much i
21、f I ask you to do someth ing?你會很介意如果我讓你做什么?She told him he ought not to have done it.她告訴他他不應(yīng)該這樣做6)情態(tài)助動詞之間是相互排斥的,即在一個限定動have和be基本助動詞連用:詞詞組中只能出現(xiàn)一個情態(tài)助動詞,但有時卻可以與You should have washed the wound.你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)洗好了傷口Well,you should n't be read ing a no vel.must n't 。嗯,你不應(yīng)該讀一本小說7 )情態(tài)動詞must 般疑問句否定回答要用need n
22、39;t而不是Must I read books every day、我必須每天讀書No,you need n't .不,你不必1)構(gòu)成否定式:He did n't go and n either did she.他沒去,她也沒去。The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.會議可能直到五點(diǎn)才開始。2)構(gòu)成疑問式或附加疑問式:Must you leave right now?你一定要馬上離開嗎?You have bee n lear ning French for 5 years,have n't you?你已經(jīng)學(xué)了五
23、年法語,不是嗎?3)構(gòu)成修辭倒裝:Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.他無處得到他姐姐的任何消息。Hardly had he arrived whe n she started compla ining.他剛到,她就開始抱怨起來。4)代替限定動詞詞組:A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?B: Tom can.A: Shall I write to him?B: Yes,do.can 禾口 could1. 表示能力或客觀可能性,還可以表示請求和允許。如:Can you finish
24、 this work toni ght?你今晚能完成這項工作嗎?Man can n ot live without air.人離了空氣不能活。 Can I go now? Yes,you can.我現(xiàn)在可以走了嗎?一你可以。注意:could 也可表示請求,語氣委婉,主要用于疑問句,不可用于肯定句,答語應(yīng)用 can (即could不能用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的簡略答語中)。如:Could I come to see you tomorrow?我明天能來看您嗎?Yes,you can.(否定答語可用 No,l'm afraid not.)是的,你可以。(不,恐怕不行。) can表示能力時,還可用 be
25、 able to 代替。如:ni not be able to come this after noon.我今下午不能來。2. 表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。(主要用在否定句、疑問句或驚嘆句中)Can this be true?這可能是真的嗎?How can you be so careless!你怎么能這么粗心!This can not be done by him.這不可能是他做的。3. “ can( could) + have +過去分詞”的疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為懷疑或不肯定。如:He can not have bee n to that tow n.他不可能去過那個鎮(zhèn)。Ca
26、n he have got the book?他可能擁有這本書嗎?4. 用在疑問句及否定句中,表示驚訝,不相信等5. can not'、'tooenough表示”無論怎樣也不過分","越越好”6. can可以表示體力或腦力方面的能力,能夠,能,會Can you finish the work in such a short time你能在那么短的時間內(nèi)完成這項工作嗎?7 . can表示許可、允許 ,在疑問句中表示要求,在否定句中表示不許,此時可以和 may通用。may 和 might1. 表示許可。表示請求、允許時,might比may的語氣更委婉一些,否定回
27、答時(口語中常用)no,youcan't . or,yes,please 用must n't表示"不可以”、"禁止”、"阻止”之意(具有強(qiáng)烈禁止 的意思)如:You may drive the car.你可以開這輛車。 Might I use your pen? No,you must n't.我可以用你的鋼筆嗎?一不,絕對不行。用May I .征詢對方許可在文體上比較正式,在口氣上比較客氣。在日??谡Z中,用CanI .征詢對方意見在現(xiàn)代口語中更為常見。2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如:May you succeed!祝你成功!3. 表示推測
28、、可能(疑問句不能用于此意)。He may be very busy now.他現(xiàn)在可能非常忙。4. “ may(might) + have +過去分詞”表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的推測。如:He may not have fini shed the work.他可能沒有完成工作。must1. 表示必須、必要。(must表示主觀多一些而 have to則表示客觀多一些)如:I have to give up smok in g.(可能是由于身體或其它原因等不得不戒煙)I must give up smok ing.(自己覺得有必要戒煙)You must come in time.你必須及時過來。回答
29、must引出的問句時,如果是否定的回答,不能用must n't,而要用need n't或don'thave to 。 Must we hand in our exercise books today? Yes,you must. (No,you don ' t have to.)我們今天必須交上練習(xí)冊嗎?是的。(不,不必。)must n't意思為"不許、不準(zhǔn)”,表示禁止。You must n't play football in the street。have to2. “must be +表語”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測,它的否定或疑問式用can
30、代替must。This must be your pen.這一定是你的鋼筆。3. “ must + have +過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)常用在肯定句中,表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的推測。它的否定或疑問式用can代替must。He must have bee n to Shan ghai.他一定去過上海。4. have to的含義與 must相似,兩者往往可以互換使用,但have to有各種形式,隨have的變化而定。must與have to有下列幾點(diǎn)不同: must表示的是說話人的主觀看法,而have to則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。如:The play is not in teresti ng. I really
31、 must go now.這部劇沒意思。我真的必須現(xiàn)在就走。I had to work whe n I was your age.當(dāng)我像你這么大時,我不得不工作。 must 般只表現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時,have則有更多的時態(tài)形式。 二者的否定意義不大相同。如:You must n't go.你可不要去。You don't have to go.你不必去。 詢問對方的意愿時應(yīng)用must。如:Must I clean all the room?我一定要打掃整個房間嗎?注意:have to 也可拼做 have got to 。5. 表示一種與說話人愿望相反、不耐煩的感情色彩,偏偏、非要。W
32、hy must you always bother me為什么你總是來煩我?6. must可以表示“非要,偏要”Must you ope n the win dow? It's so cold outside.你非要/偏要開窗嗎?外面真的很冷。dare 禾口 need1. need表示“需要”或“必須”,作情態(tài)動詞時,僅用于否定句或疑問句中,在肯定句中一般用 must,have to,ought to ,或 should 代替。如:You needn ' t come so early. Need I finish the work today?Yes,you must.注意:
33、need n't + 不定式的完成式“表示本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事”。如:You n eed n't have waited for me.2. Dare作情態(tài)動詞時,主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中,一般不用在肯定句中。 如:How dare you say rm un fair.He dare n't speak En glish before such a crowd,dare he?3. Dare和need常用作實(shí)義動詞,有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化,所不同的是,作實(shí)義動詞時,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接帶to的不定式,在否定和疑問句中,dare后面可接帶t
34、o或不帶to的不定式。如:I dare to swim across this river.He does not dare (to) answer.Don't you dare (to) touch it!I won dered he dare (to) say that.He n eeds to finish it this evening.shall一 .Shall的用法:1. Shall用于第一人稱,表示征求對方的意愿。如:What shall we do this evening?2. Shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中,表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵尽H纾篠hall
35、 we begi n our less on?When shall he be able to leave the hospital?3. Shall用于第二、第三人稱,表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。如:You shall fail if you don't work harder.(警告)He shall have the book whe n I finish readi ng.(允諾)He shall be puni shed.(威脅)should二.Should 的用法:1. Should表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任、勸告、建議,其同義詞是ought to ;在疑問句中,通常用sh
36、ould 代替 ought to 。如:You should go to class right away.Should I ope n the win dow?Should的含義較多,用法較活,現(xiàn)介紹三種其特殊用法。請看下面的句子: I should think it would be better to try it again.我倒是認(rèn)為最好再試一試。 You are mistaken,l should say.依我看,你是搞錯了。我倒是勸你別這樣做。 I should advise you not to do that.這是我本來想冋你的。 This is something I sh
37、ould have liked to ask you.從以上例句可以看出:情態(tài)動詞should用于第一人稱時可以表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。Should還可以用在if引導(dǎo)的條件從句,表示一件事聽起來可能性很小,但也不是完全沒有可能。相當(dāng)于“萬一”的意思。從句謂語由should加動詞原形構(gòu)成,主句謂語卻不一定用虛擬語氣。如: Ask her to ring me up if you should see her.你萬一見到她,請讓她給我打個電話。 If you should change your mind,please let us know.萬一你改變主意,請通知我們。 Shou
38、ld I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come.萬一我明天有時間,我就來。此外,Why(or How) + should結(jié)構(gòu)表示說話人對某事不能理解,感到意外、驚異等意思。意為“竟會”。如: Why should you be so late today?你幾天怎么來得這么晚? 一 Where is Betty living? 貝蒂住在哪里?How should I know? 我怎么會知道呢? I don't kn ow why you should th ink that I did it.我真不知道你憑什么認(rèn)為這件事是我干的。2.
39、“ should + have +過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)一般表示義務(wù),表示應(yīng)該做到而實(shí)際上沒有做到,并包含一種埋怨、責(zé)備的口氣。如:She should have fi ni shed it.I should have helped her,but I n ever could.You should have started earlier.3. 表示規(guī)章制度,用shouldwill 和 would1. 表示請求、建議等,would比will委婉客氣。如:Would you pass me the book?2. 表示意志、愿望和決心。如:I will n ever do that aga in.Th
40、ey asked if we would do that aga in.3. 用"will be ”和"will(would) + have +過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測,主要用于第二、三人稱。前者表示對目前情況的推測,后者表示對已經(jīng)完成的動作或事態(tài)的推測。如:This will be the book you want.He will have arrived by now.The guests would have arrived by that time.I thought you would have fini shed this by now.4. will表示習(xí)慣
41、、請求,固有性質(zhì)等。Everyday he will sit here hour after hour doing nothing.(習(xí)慣)Will you help me with my En glish?(請求)The door won't ope n.(固有性質(zhì))5. Would可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。Would表過去習(xí)慣時比 used to正式, 并沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣”的含義。如:The wound would not heal.During the vacati on he would visit me every week。6. 表料想或猜想。如:It woul
42、d be about ten whe n he left home.What would she be doing there?I thought he would have told you all about it.ought to1. Ought to 表示應(yīng)該。如:You ought to take care of him.2. 表示推測。注意與 must表示推測時的區(qū)別:He must be at home by now.(斷定他已到家)He ought to be home by now.(不十分肯定)This is where the oil must be.(比較直率)This
43、 is where the oil ought to be.(比較含蓄)3. “ ought to + have +過去分詞”表示過去應(yīng)做某事而實(shí)際未做。如:You ought to have asked him (but you did n't).這時,ought to 和should 可以互相換用。注意:在美國英語中,ought to用于否定句和疑問句時,to可以省略。如:Ought you smoke so much?You ought n't smoke so much.ought和should 的區(qū)別:1. ought語氣略強(qiáng)。2. should 較常用。3.ough
44、t在美國英語中用的很少,而should卻相當(dāng)常用。4. ought屬正式用語。注:由于ought to 沒有過去式,所以在直接引語變間接引語的過程中,就不再變化used to , had better , would rather 的用法1. Used to表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在已不存在,在間接引語中,其形式可不變。 如:He told us he used to play football whe n he was young.在疑問句、否定句、否定疑問句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,可有兩種形式:疑問句Did you use to go to the same school as your brot
45、her?Used you to go to the same school as your brother?(正式+過時)用于同輩或小輩,否定句I used n't to go there.I did n't use to go there.Used n't亦可拼作use n't,但發(fā)音皆為'ju:s nt。否定疑問句Usen't you to be in terested in the theatre?Didn't you use to be in terested in the theatre?強(qiáng)調(diào)句I certa inly used
46、 to smoke,but it was a long time ago.I certa inly did use to smoke,but it was a long time ago.其反意疑問句或簡略回答中,也有兩種形式:She used to be very fat,didn't she?(口語 + 常用)/ use(d)n't she?Did you use to play chess? Yes,I did.Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes,I did. (Yes,I used to.)2. Had better
47、意為"最好",后接不帶to的不定式。如: We had better go now. Yes,we had (we'd better / we had better).Hadn't we better stop now? (Had we better not stop no w?)I thi nk I'd better be going.(用于進(jìn)行時態(tài),表"最好立即” )You had better have done that.(用于完成時態(tài),表未完成動作)注: had best 與 had better 同意,但較少用。 You had
48、 better 對長輩不可用。3. Would rather 意為"寧愿",表選擇,后接不帶to的不定式。如: rd rather not say anything.Would you rather work on a farm? Would n't you rather stay here? No,I would not. I'd rather go there.由于would rather 表選擇,因而后可接 than。如:I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.I would rather wat
49、ch TV than go to see the film.I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie.I'd rather you did n't talk about this to an yo ne.(句中的'd rather 不是情態(tài)動詞,would在此是表愿望的實(shí)義動詞)注:由于used to , had better同ought to 一樣沒有過去式,所以在直接引語變間接引語 的過程中,也不再變化.can (could),may (might )
50、的用法can (could)表示說話人能,可以,同意,準(zhǔn)許,以及客觀條件許可,could 為can的過去式。Can you pass me the books?你能給我遞一下書嗎?Could you help me,please? 請問,你能幫助我嗎 ?What can you do?你能干點(diǎn)什么呢 ?Can you be sure?你有把握嗎?can和could 只能用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種時態(tài),將來時態(tài)用be able to來表示。He could help us at all.他完全可以幫助我們。With the teacher's help,I shall be able to
51、speak En glish correctly.由于老師的幫助,我將能準(zhǔn)確地講英語。may (might)可以,表示說話人同意,許可或請求對方許可。You may take the book home. 你可以把書帶回家去 .May I come in? 我可以進(jìn)來嗎May I use your dictio nary?我可以用你的詞典嗎 ?You may put on more clothes. 你可以多穿點(diǎn)衣服 .He said he might le nd us some mon ey.他說他可以借給我們一些錢。may 否定式為 may not,縮寫形式是 mayn't.mig
52、ht是may的過去式,有兩種用法,一種表示過去式,一種表示虛擬語氣,使語氣更 加委婉,客氣或?qū)赡苄缘膽岩?。He told me he might be here on time.他說他能按時間來。Might I borrow some money now.我可以借點(diǎn)錢嗎 ?He might be alive.他可能還活著。must, need,ought to,dare (dared)用法Must必須,應(yīng)該,一定,準(zhǔn)是,表示說話人認(rèn)為有必要做某事,命令,要求別人做某事以 及對事物的推測。must用來指一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時,過去式可用have to 的過去式代替。I must finish
53、my work today. 我今天必須完成我的工作。You must n't work all the time.你不能老是工作。Must I return the book tomorrow?我必須明天還書嗎 ?After such a long walk,you must be tired.走了這么長的路,你一定困了。He must be the man I am looki ng for.他一定是我要找的人。He had to go because of somebody's call ing him that day.那天他要走是因為有人叫他。must + have
54、+過去分詞,表示現(xiàn)在對過去事物的推測。He must have told my pare nts about it.他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。他現(xiàn)在一定收到我的信了。He must have received my letter now.It's six o'clock already,we must have bee n late aga in.已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了,我們一定又遲到了。must和have to 的區(qū)別:must表示說話人的主觀思想,have to 表示客觀需要。You must do it now.你必需現(xiàn)在就干。(說話人認(rèn)為必須現(xiàn)在干)I have to go
55、 now. 我得走了。(客觀條件必須現(xiàn)在走)need需要多用在否定式或疑問句中.Need I atte nd the meeti ng tomorrow?我需要明天參加會議嗎 ?You n eed not hand in the paper this week.這一周你不必交論文。need是一個情態(tài)動詞,他的用法完全和其他情態(tài)動詞一樣,但need還可當(dāng)作實(shí)義動詞使用,這時need就象其他動詞一樣,有第三人稱,單復(fù)數(shù),后面加帶to的動詞等特性。I n eed a bike to go to school.我上學(xué)需要一輛自行車。Do you need a dictionary?你需要詞典嗎?She
56、 needs a necklace.她需要一條項鏈。need n't + have + 過去分詞 表示過去做了沒必要做的事情。You need n't have take n it seriously.這件事情你不必太認(rèn)真。dare敢 多用在否定或疑問句中。The little girl dare not speak in public.小女孩不敢在公眾面前說話。Dare you catch the little cat?你敢抓小貓嗎?dare除用作情態(tài)動詞外,更多的是當(dāng)實(shí)義動詞使用,用法同實(shí)義動詞一樣,要考慮人稱, 單復(fù)數(shù),時態(tài)等。Do you dare to walk in the dark?你敢黑夜走路嗎?He does n't dare to tell the teacher what happe ned that day.他不敢告訴老師那天發(fā)生的事。have to,ought ,will ,Shall,should . ought 應(yīng)當(dāng),應(yīng)該 后面跟帶有 to的動詞不定式。You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.如果你想知道如何修理汽車,你應(yīng)該讀這些書。You ought to br
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