外研版高中英語必修四module1《lifeinthefuture》(第2課時)ppt課件

1、 1alternative adj. 替換的；供選擇的 1)adj. 替換的；二者擇一的；供選擇的 The road was blocked, so we went by an alternative road. 這條路被封鎖了，因此我們走了另一條路。 alternative energy 可替代能源 an alternative plan 替代方案 2)n. 二者擇一；可供選擇的辦法/事物；選擇余地 have no alternative but “除外別無選擇；只好”，后接to do sth.。 They offered project alternatives to us. 他們向我們提

2、供了項目方案。 辨析：alternative與choice 1)alternative指在兩者之間作出選擇； 2)choice指一般意義上的選擇。 Thats the only alternative. 沒有選擇余地。(沒有第二個選擇) Choice of the goal covers choice of the means. 目標(biāo)的選擇包含著手段的選擇。 知識拓展 1)alternative無比較級形式。 2)alternate v. 輪流；交流；更迭；adj. 輪流的；可代替的；alter vt. 變更 即學(xué)即用 (1)When all the oil in the world has

3、been used up, what_energy shall we rely on? Aoptional Bhopeful Cactive Dalternative (2)用alternative的適當(dāng)形式完成句子 B e s i d e s t h i s m e t h o d , theres_(沒有其他方法)to solve the problem. This Spring Festival I want to pay a visit to my home. But if I couldnt get the train ticket, I would take_(另一個計劃)visi

4、ting the museum. 答案：(1)D(2)no other alternativethe alternative plan 2risky adj. 危險的；冒險的 Sailing across the Atlantic alone is a risky thing. 獨(dú)自一人航行穿越大西洋是一件冒險的事。 鏈接： nyadj. bloodbloody 流血的 mudmuddy 泥濘的 sunsunny 陽光燦爛的 cloudcloudy 多云的 rainrainy 下雨的 snowsnowy 下雪的 windwindy 刮風(fēng)的；多風(fēng)的 tastetasty 美味的 iceicy 冰

5、的；冷漠的 greedgreedy 貪婪的 fatfatty 肥胖的 fogfoggy 有霧的 知識拓展 1)同義詞：dangerous adj. 危險的 2)risk作動詞時，后接名詞或動名詞，但不能接動詞不定式。 3)at ones own risk 自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(同意不要求賠償損失、損害等) at risk(in danger)處于危險之中；冒風(fēng)險 at the risk of 冒的風(fēng)險 at all risks/any risk 無論冒什么風(fēng)險 face/run risks/a risk 冒險 take risks(a risk)to do. 冒險做 risk sth. 以為賭注 risk

6、 doing 冒險做 risk ones life to do sth. 冒著生命危險做 You have no right to take risks/a risk with other peoples lives. 你沒有權(quán)利拿別人的生命去冒險。 You are running a risk in trusting him. 你信賴他要擔(dān)風(fēng)險。 即學(xué)即用 H u a n g We n t o o k m a n y p h o t o s i n Yugoslavia_.(冒著生命危險) 答案：at the risk of her life 3run n. 跑；奔；短途旅行 There a

7、re no stops on the run to the coast. 在去海濱的路途中沒有車站。 vi. & vt. 1)跑；奔 He ran across the road. 他跑過了馬路。 2)(機(jī)器)轉(zhuǎn)動；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) The engine runs well. 發(fā)動機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好。 3)延伸；繼續(xù) The road runs beside the river. 這條路沿著河邊延伸。 4)經(jīng)營；管理 Its said that they are running a restaurant abroad. 據(jù)說他們在國外經(jīng)營一家餐館。 知識拓展 in the long run 從長遠(yuǎn)的觀點來

8、看；畢竟；終究 in the short run 從短期來看；在短期內(nèi) run across 無意間碰到 run after 追逐；追求 run against 撞上；違反 run away 逃跑 run away with (感情等)戰(zhàn)勝；不受約束 run over (車輛)碾壓；匆匆看一遍；游覽 run into sb./sth. 偶遇某人/某物 run through 瀏覽 run out 逃開；用完 注意： 1)run out意為“用完了”，為不及物動詞，主語通常為時間、金錢、食物等。 2)run out of意為“用完了”，為及物動詞，表主動意義，主語一般為人。 Her money

9、has been run_out_of and her patience is also running_out. 她的錢已經(jīng)用完了，她的耐心也要耗盡了。 高考直擊 (1)(2008江西)Do you think we should accept that offer? Yes, we should, for we_such bad luck up till now, and time_out. Ahave had; is running Bhad; is running Chave; has been run Dhave had; has been run 解析：考查時態(tài)。由up till

10、now確定第一空應(yīng)用完成時態(tài)；排除B、C。run out為不及物動詞，無被動語態(tài)，排除D。 答案：A (2)(2009全國)They use computers to keep the traffic_smoothly. Abeing run Brun Cto run Drunning 解析：本題題意：他們使用計算機(jī)來保持交通暢通無阻。keep表示“保持或繼續(xù)處于的狀態(tài)”，后接形容詞，現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語、名詞以及副詞等擔(dān)任賓語補(bǔ)足語，但不能采用不定式(短語)。例如：Sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 對不起，讓你久等了。此外，run表示“運(yùn)

11、轉(zhuǎn)；運(yùn)行”時，通常用作不及物動詞。例如：The machine wont run smoothly. 這臺機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不靈。答案：答案：D 即學(xué)即用 (2009臨沂模擬)They had to find a pool before the water they had in the bottle_. Aput out Bkept out Cran out Dused up 答案：C 4limit vt. & n. 1)vt. 限制；限定 Lets limit our discussion to this subject. 我們把討論限制在這個題目上吧。 2)n. 限度；極限；界限；界線；限

12、量 within the city limits 在該城范圍內(nèi) He tried my patience to its limits. 他把我逼得忍無可忍了。 知識拓展 within limits 適度地；有限度地 without limit 無限地；無限制地 to the limit 達(dá)到極點 set a limit to sth. 對規(guī)定限度 單詞積累 limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 無限制的；無界限的；無止境的 limitation n. 限制；控制 My life is limited, but learning is limitless. 吾生也有涯，

13、而知也無涯。 即學(xué)即用 (1)Is there any_to the time that I can stay here? Yes. You must leave here before he comes back. Anumber Blength Climit Dmatter (2)We must set a limit_the expense of the trip. Aabout Bto Cin Dfor 答案：(1)C(2)B 5command n. & v. 命令；控制；指揮 You must obey the captains commands. 你必須服從船長的命令。 H

14、e has 1,200 men under his command. 他掌管著1,200人。 鏈接：具有“建議、命令、堅持、要求”等意義的詞，接從句時，要用虛擬語氣，其謂語形式為“(should)v.”。 熟記下列順口溜： 一堅持：insist 二命令：order, command 三建議：suggest, propose, advise 四要求：demand, desire, request, require He commanded that we(should)attack at once. 他命令我們立即發(fā)起進(jìn)攻。 知識拓展 at command 掌握；可自由使用 at sb.s co

15、mmand 聽某人支配 by sb.s command 受某人支配 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 have a good command of 精通 in command of “某人統(tǒng)帥”，主語為人 in the command of “某物在某人的統(tǒng)治之下”，主語一般是物 一言辨異 “ W h o i s i n _ c o m m a n d _ o f t h e army？”“The army is in_the_command_of general Brown.” “誰統(tǒng)率陸軍？”“陸軍由布朗將軍統(tǒng)率?！?即學(xué)即用 用名詞command的適當(dāng)形式完成

16、句子。 (1)Fire_(我一下令) (2)The army is_(由國王直接統(tǒng)率) (3)The king_(統(tǒng)帥)the army. (4)He has_(精通)German. (5)Captain Cook commanded that all the goods_into the sea. Ashould throw Bbe thrown Cthrew Dshould thrown 答案：(1)when I give the command (2)in the direct command of the king. (3)takes command of (4)a good comm

17、and of (5)B 6charge n. 費(fèi)用；要價；控訴；v. 要價；充電 The charge for a frontrow seat is 3. 前排座位票價每張三美元。 How much did he charge you for repairing the bicycle? 他修理自行車收了你多少錢？ He was charged with stealing a car. 他被指控偷了一輛汽車。 Does your car battery charge easily? 你那輛汽車的蓄電池容易充電嗎？ 知識拓展 have(the) charge of 負(fù)責(zé)；主管 in charge

18、 主管；負(fù)責(zé)；掌管 take charge of 負(fù)責(zé)；看管 under the charge of 在看管/負(fù)責(zé)之下 free of charge 免費(fèi) in the charge of sb. 由某人負(fù)責(zé)；由某人照料/管理 in charge of 負(fù)全責(zé)；照顧；在掌管之下；由經(jīng)管 高考直擊 (2007天津)One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living_. Abills Bexpenses Cprices Dcharges 解析：句意為“一個月1000美元不是一筆財富，但是能幫助我支

19、付我的生活費(fèi)用”。A項意為“賬單”；B項意為“花費(fèi)；費(fèi)用”，指的是各種可能的“開支；消費(fèi)；收費(fèi)”；C項意為“價格”；D項意為“索價；要價”。根據(jù)句意答案應(yīng)選B。 答案：B 即學(xué)即用 (2009江蘇錫山模擬)I have just had my watch repaired. How much did they_for that? Acost Bcharge Cspend Dpay 答案：B 7attach vt. 1)安裝；貼上；系上 She attached a stamp to the envelope and then mailed it. 她在信封上貼上郵票，然后寄了出去。 2)附加(

20、署名、文件等) He attached his signature to the contract. 他在合同書上簽了字。 3)使(組織)屬于(附屬)；使(人)屬于 Youll be attached to this department until the end of the years. 你在年底前將暫屬于這一部門。 4)給予(重要性)；認(rèn)為；歸于 It is unwise to attach too much importance to the information. 過于重視那個消息是不明智的。 注意：attach為一詞多義動詞，常為考查的對象。其拼寫形式要和動詞attack“襲擊

21、；攻擊”和attract“吸引”區(qū)別開來。 鏈接： be attached to. 附屬于；依戀于 attach sth. to sth. 將某物系在、縛在或附在另一物上 attach oneself to sb. 和某人一起 attach to sb. 與某人相關(guān)聯(lián) 高考直擊 (2010江西卷，25)Parents_much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift. AattachBpay ClinkDapply 解析：句意：父母都十分重視教育。他們

22、竭盡所能想使孩子們擁有那種無價禮物。attach great importance to.“非常重視”；pay“付錢”；link.to.“把和連接在一起”；apply.to.“把應(yīng)用于”。 答案：A 即學(xué)即用 It is said that this institute is_to the University of Texas. Abelonged Battached Ctied Dlooked 答案：B 8power n. 體能；智能；能力；勢力；v. 使有力量；供以動力 She claims to have the power to see the future. 她自稱能預(yù)知未來。 A

23、tomic energy powers the submarine. 原子能供給該潛艇動力。 知識拓展 powerful adj. 強(qiáng)大的 come to/into power(開始)掌權(quán)；上臺 in power 當(dāng)權(quán)的；在朝的 in ones power 為某人力所能及的 out of/beyond ones power 不能勝任；力所不及的 辨析：strength, force, energy, power 1)strength常指固有的潛力。著重指人的“力氣”，物的“強(qiáng)度”。 2)force主要指自然界的力量、暴力、勢力以及法律、道德或感情的力量、軍事的力量等。 3)energy主要指人

24、的力量、自然界的能量。 4)power主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、功能，人或機(jī)器等事物的力量，職權(quán)、權(quán)力或政權(quán)。 高考直擊 (2007福建)You are always full of_. Can you tell me the secret? Taking plenty of exercise every day. Apower Bstrength Cforce Denergy 解析：本題考查名詞詞義辨析。power“權(quán)力；勢力”；strength“力氣；優(yōu)勢”；force“力；武力”；energy“精力”。be full of energy指“精力旺盛”。 答案：D 即學(xué)即用 Ive bo

25、ught lots of candles in case theres a_cut. Astrength Bpower Cforce Denergy 答案：B 1for sure 肯定地 該短語是一非正式用語，在句中一般作狀語，相當(dāng)于certainly, unquestionably, without doubt. 知識拓展 be sure of 確信；深信 make sure(of sth./that.) 弄清楚；確保 sure to do sth. 一定；必定；無疑 to be sure (承認(rèn)事實)確實；誠然 I am sure (口)的確；真的；一定 sure enough 果真；的確

26、；一定；毫無疑問 Thats for sure. 那是肯定的。 辨析：be sure of/that與be sure to do短語主語意義be sure of/that人主語感到“有把握；確信”be sure to do人或物說話人推測“一定；必然會” 高考直擊 (2008四川)Can you show me Mr. Jaffers office, please? _. But I dont know if he is in at the moment. AThanks BGo on CSure DYou are welcome 解析：本題題意：“你能帶我去杰福先生的辦公室嗎？”“沒問題，不

27、過我不清楚他現(xiàn)在是否在辦公室?！眘ure表示同意，譯作“當(dāng)然可以”。 答案：C 即學(xué)即用 She wont lend you any money, and thats_. Acertainly Bsure Cfor sure Dsurely 答案：C 2such as“例如；諸如此類的”后面常接上述人或事物的解釋語。 I visited several cities such as New York, Chicago and Boston. 我游覽過幾個城市，像紐約、芝加哥、波士頓等。 辨析：such as, for example, namely 1)such as作“例如”解，用來列舉事物

28、，對前面提到的名詞進(jìn)行列舉說明，放在名詞與被列舉的事物之間。 He speaks several languages, such as English, French and Japanese. 他會說幾種外語，比如英語，法語和日語。 注意：such as不能同and so on連用，不能說such as Jim, Jack and so on。 2)for example意為“例如；比如”，在句中的位置較靈活，可以放在句首、句中或句尾，可用作獨(dú)立成分，通常用逗號與所修飾的部分隔開。 What would you do if you met a wild animala tiger, for

29、instance？(可用for example) 如果你見到野生動物，比如說一只老虎，你會怎么辦？ 3)namely是副詞，意為“即；也就是”，放在被列舉的事物前，要把前面的名詞所應(yīng)包含的事物全部列出；namely前需要有逗號，后面可以不用逗號。 He speaks four languages, namely English, French, German and Russia. 他說4種語言即英語、法語、德語和俄語。 注意：namely要求所有項目全部列出，而such as只是作部分列舉，所以，上面句中的namely不可換作such as。 高考直擊 (2008江西)My English

30、teachers humor was_make every student burst into laughter. Aso as to Bsuch as to Csuch that Dso that 解析：考查so與such用法的區(qū)別。由空格后的make排除C、D；A項so as to表示目的；因此只有B項正確。such as接不定式表結(jié)果。句意為“我們英語老師的幽默是如此好笑，惹得每個學(xué)生都放聲大笑起來”。 答案：B 即學(xué)即用 Several Chinese films are rising to international fame, the Brokeback Mountain, _，

31、 directed by Ang Lee has won the Oscar Awards. Asuch as Bfor example Cnamely Dthat is 答案：B 3rely on 依靠；依賴 該動詞短語中介詞on也可以使用upon來代替，相當(dāng)于depend on/upon. As babies, we rely entirely on others for food. 在嬰兒時期，我們完全依賴別人喂食。 You can rely on me to keep your secret. 你可以相信我一定會為你保守秘密。 知識拓展 rely on常見結(jié)構(gòu)： 即學(xué)即用 These

32、products are very cheap because the p r i c e o f r a w m a t e r i a l s t h e industry_remains low. Atakes on Brelies on Cstands on Dkeeps on 答案：B 4get rid of 擺脫；除去 可用來指擺脫具體的人或物，也可以指抽象的疾病。 He has been ill for more than one year and it seems that he can never get rid of the terrible disease. 他病了一年多

33、了，好像再也好不了了。 知識拓展 1)be rid of sb./sth.(formal) 擺脫 She wanted to be rid of her parents and their authority. 她想擺脫父母及權(quán)威的束縛。 2)rid sb./sth. of sb./sth. 除掉；去除 Further measures will be taken to rid streets of crime. 將采取進(jìn)一步措施來防止街頭犯罪。 即學(xué)即用 (2009湖北宜昌模擬)One day we will manage to_the world of this terrible dise

34、ase. Aget Brid Cbreak Dmove 答案：B 5instead adv. 代替；頂替；更換 If you cannot go, hell go instead of you. 如果你不能去，他愿替你去。 辨析：instead與instead of 1)instead是副詞，意思是“代替；頂替”，通常被放在句尾，在句中作狀語。 2)instead of是介詞詞組，意思除了“代替”外還有“而不是”之意。與一般介詞詞組不同的是，instead of除了后接名詞、代詞，也可以接動詞的ing形式、動詞不定式、介詞短語等。它談及的前后兩個客體在意義結(jié)構(gòu)上是對等的平行關(guān)系。 He gav

35、e me some advice instead of some money. He didnt give me any money. He gave me some advice instead. 他沒給我錢，而是給了我一些建議。 I go to school by bike instead of on foot. I dont go to school on foot. Instead I go to school by bike. 我騎自行車而不是步行去上學(xué)。 鏈接：(同)in place of 代替rather than 而不是take the place of 替代 注意：in pl

36、ace of后通常只接名詞或代詞。 高考直擊 (2008湖南)Last night Mr. Crook didnt come back at the usual time._， he met some friends and stayed out until midnight. AMeanwhile BHowever CInstead DYet 解析：考查副詞。句意為：昨天晚上克魯克先生沒有像往常一樣回家，而是和朋友們在外面一直呆到深夜。instead“卻；而是”。 答案：C 即學(xué)即用 He went to the station on foot_by bus to save money. A

37、in place of Bin place Cinstead of Dinstead 答案：C 6carry out實行；進(jìn)行；執(zhí)行；完成 We intend to carry out our new policy. 我們打算實行新政策。 注意：carry out短語中out是副詞，賓語若是代詞，代詞放在carry與out中間；賓語若是名詞，可放在其后或中間。 知識拓展 carry off 贏得；獲得；奪去 carry/bring into effect 使生效；使起作用 carry on with sth./doing sth. 繼續(xù)下去；堅持下去；從事；經(jīng)營 carry sb. throu

38、gh 幫某人度過難關(guān) carry sth. through 成功完成；順利實現(xiàn) She carried off most of the prizes for swimming. 她獲得了游泳項目的大多數(shù)獎項。 We must carry on till success although we may meet with a lot of difficulties. 盡管我們會遇到很多困難，但是我們必須堅持下去，直到成功。 高考直擊 (2010浙江卷，8)The experiment shows that p r o p e r a m o u n t s o f e x e r c i s e

39、 , if_regularly, can improve our health. Abeing carried out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out 解析：句意：這項實驗表明如果定期進(jìn)行適量鍛煉的話會改善我們的健康狀況。此處為if從句的省略形式，完整的句子為：.if they are carried out regularly，.。根據(jù)省略原則，把相同的主語和系動詞be省去。 答案：C 即學(xué)即用 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year.

40、 Acarry out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out 答案：C 7look out意為“當(dāng)心；小心”，相當(dāng)于watch out, take care, be careful. 后接for，可表示“當(dāng)心什么”，表示警告，尤指有危險。它還可表示“向外看”。 Look out! Theres a car coming! 小心！有車來了！ Do look out for spelling mistakes in your work. 一定要當(dāng)心你作業(yè)中的拼寫錯誤。 知識拓展 look after 照顧；照料；管理 look round 環(huán)顧四周 lo

41、ok for 尋找；希望得到 look forward to 盼望 look into 調(diào)查；了解 look down on/upon 俯視；輕視某人 look up to 向上看；尊敬 look on as 把看作；認(rèn)為 look through 通過看；檢查 高考直擊 (1)(2008四川) I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we_fine. Alook out Bstay up Ccarry on Dget along 解析：本題題意：我過去常常與父母爭吵，但 是 現(xiàn) 在 我 們 相 處 得 很 好 。 g e t alon

42、g/on(with sb)表示“(與某人)和睦相處，關(guān)系不錯”。例如：He gets along well with his boss. 他和老板相處得很好。 答案：D (2)(2009江西)It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of the two missing children. A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out 解析：考查了動詞短語的辨析。句意為“據(jù)報道警察將會很快調(diào)查這兩起兒童失蹤案件。”look into意為“調(diào)查”；look upon意為“認(rèn)為；

43、視為”；look after意為“照顧”；look out意為“注意；小心”。 答案：C 即學(xué)即用 _for the glass! Its OK. Im wearing shoes. ALook out BWalk out CGo out DSet out 答案：A 8be optimistic about 對持樂觀態(tài)度 We should be optimistic about our future. 我們對未來應(yīng)持樂觀態(tài)度。 知識拓展 1)be optimistic that.是樂觀的 The experts are optimistic that we will succeed. 那些專

44、家對我們的成功抱有樂觀態(tài)度。 2)optimism 樂觀(主義)pessimism 悲觀(主義) optimist 樂觀主義者pessimist 悲觀主義者 optimistic 樂觀主義的pessimistic 悲觀主義的 1What will the city of the future look like? 未來的城市將會是什么樣子呢？ 本句話中用了“What will/do/did.主語look like？”句型結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“主語看起來像什么樣”，主要用來詢問外在的情況，也可提問主語的性格或特征。 注意：此句中的like是介詞，不是動詞(喜歡)。 Hi, Jack, would you

45、please tell me what the new teacher looks like? 嗨，杰克，你能告訴我新來的老師長什么樣嗎？ What does that book look like? 那本書看上去如何？ 辨析：What do/does sb. like與What be sb./sth. like與How do you like sb./sth. 1)What do/does sb. like? 表示“某人喜歡什么？” What do you usually like most in your school? 在你的學(xué)校，你最喜歡什么？ 2)What be sb./sth. l

46、ike? 表示“主語像什么樣？”可以用來詢問外在的情況，也可提問主語的性格或特征。 Could you tell me what your baby son is like? 你能告訴我你的兒子長什么樣嗎？ What is your little brother like? 你的弟弟性格如何？ 3)How do you like sb./sth. 詢問“對某人/某事的評價”(like也可換成find) How do you like the film shown yesterday? 你對昨天放映的那部電影有何評價？ 即學(xué)即用 (2009成都模擬)_ Oh, I often go to the

47、 river near our village and fish there. AWhat do you like? BWhat are you like? CWhat do you look like? DHow do you like? 答案：A 2But one thing is certainthey are going to get bigger before they get smaller. 但有一件事是可以肯定的它們將會先變大，然后再變小。 破折號后面的這一分句中含有由before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，首先注意時態(tài)呼應(yīng)。before的基本意義是“在之前”。其翻譯句型主要有下列幾種

48、： 1)“在之前”，這時主句的動作發(fā)生在前，其引導(dǎo)的從句動作發(fā)生在后。 Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. 在駕駛公共汽車前，他們必須通過專門測驗。 2)“后才”，此時before從句強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動作發(fā)生得晚或慢，主句動作往往延續(xù)的時間長，表示“過了多久以后才發(fā)生某一動作”。 He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他幾乎要把我撞倒時才看見我。 3)“就；便；快”等，此時主句的謂語動詞為否定形式。 It was not long befo

49、re they rose up and kicked the enemy out of the country. 不久他們就起來反抗并把敵人趕出了他們的國家。 4)“還沒來得及就”，此時往往強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動作發(fā)生之前主句動作已發(fā)生。 The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his child. 他還沒來得及沖進(jìn)屋子救出孩子，房頂就倒塌了。 注意：在寫作中，我們可以經(jīng)常使用這個句式，如：before we know/realize it表示“不知不覺中”。 5)“趁著還沒有”。 I must write it dow

50、n before I forget it. 我必須趁著還沒忘記它就把它寫下來。 6)在某些習(xí)語中還可譯為“先再”。 Look before you leap. 三思而后行。 高考直擊 (1)(2010福建卷，26)The girl had hardly rung the bell _the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. AbeforeBuntil CasDsince 解析：考查連詞。had hardly done sth. before/when表示“一就”。又如：We had hardly

51、started before/when it began to rain.我們剛出發(fā)，就開始下雨。 答案：A (2)(2010陜西卷，20)John thinks it wont be long_he is ready for his new job. AwhenBafter CbeforeDsince 解析：句意：John認(rèn)為用不了多久他就會為自己的新工作做好準(zhǔn)備。It wont be long before. 是個固定句型，意為“用不了多久就”。 答案：C 即學(xué)即用 (1)Ive never seen anyone run so fast_David go. Ajust watch Bju

52、st to watch Cjust watching Djust having watched (2)Scientists say it may be five or six years_it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. AsinceBafter CbeforeDwhen 答案：(1)A(2)C 3To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the U

53、nited States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50 000 people in the year 2050. 為了解年輕人的對未來城市生活的觀點，美國得克薩斯州一所大學(xué)的一位老師讓他的學(xué)生們考慮他們將如何管理2025年一個擁有5萬人口的城市。 to find out what young people think about the future of urban life是動詞不定式短語，在句中作目的狀語。當(dāng)作目的狀語的不定式短語放于句首時，常用逗號與句子隔開；放于句中則不用逗號。為了使目的更加清楚

54、或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)意義時，還可以用in order to或so as to，但要注意so as to不能用于句首。 He came to Australia to study kangaroos. 他去澳洲是為了研究袋鼠。 Ive written it down in order not to forget. 我把它記下來，主要是防止忘了。 He shouted and waved so as to be noticed. 他大聲叫喊并揮著手以便能被注意到。 高考直擊 (1)(2010全國卷，34)With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken som

55、e money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. Abuy Bto buy Cbuying Dto have bought 解析：句意：父親節(jié)即將到來之際，我從銀行取了一些錢給父親買禮物。不定式短語在句中作狀語，表目的。 答案：B (2)(2009北京)All of them try to use the power of the workstation_information in a more effective way. Apresenting Bpresented Cbeing presented Dto present 解析：此處考查不定式

56、作目的狀語。 答案：D 即學(xué)即用 _late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. ATo sleep BSleeping CSleep DHaving slept 答案：A 4To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems. 為了擺脫垃圾問題的困擾，城市將會用巨型

57、宇宙飛船載廢棄材料，朝太陽發(fā)射，以防止垃圾填埋和環(huán)境問題的發(fā)生。 1)to get rid of garbage problems是動詞不定式短語，在句中作目的狀語。preventing landfill and environmental problems是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，表示結(jié)果。 The storm left, having caused a lot of damage to this area. 暴風(fēng)雨過去了，對這個地區(qū)造成了巨大的破壞。 注意： (1)分詞作結(jié)果狀語，通常表示一個自然形成的結(jié)果，是前面所述動作的直接結(jié)果。 A number of new machines were

58、 installed in the factory, thus resulting in an increase in production. 這家工廠安裝了許多新機(jī)器，因而產(chǎn)量增加了。 (2)不定式作結(jié)果狀語，經(jīng)常表示繼謂語動作發(fā)生后才出現(xiàn)了的一個相反或出乎意料的結(jié)果，常表示“沒想到”；“結(jié)果卻”；“未料”等意思。其前常加些如just，only等詞修飾，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。 I arrived at the station in a hurry, only to find the train had left. 我匆忙地趕到火車站，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。 高考直擊 (1)(2010江蘇卷，28)T

59、he retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu，_the students to return to their classrooms. Aenabling Bhaving enabled Cto enable Dto have enabled 解析：句意：這個退休的老人把他大部分的積蓄都捐給了玉樹地震中的受災(zāi)學(xué)校，使學(xué)生們能夠重返課堂。本題考查非謂語動詞的用法。the man與enable之間是主動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用其ving形式來作結(jié)果狀語。 答案：A (2)(

60、2010天津卷，12)It rained heavily in the south，_serious flooding in several provinces. Acaused Bhaving caused Ccausing Dto cause 解析：句意：南方下雨很大，結(jié)果造成了幾個省嚴(yán)重被淹。本題考查動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作結(jié)果狀語，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動作發(fā)生后導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。 答案：C (3)(2010重慶卷，30)The news shocked the public，_to great concern about students safety at school