高考英語名詞(高考名詞專題復(fù)習(xí))（課堂PPT）

1、12名詞名詞專有名詞專有名詞(Proper Nouns)普通名詞普通名詞(Common Nouns)個(gè)體名詞個(gè)體名詞(Individual Nouns)集體名詞集體名詞(Collective Nouns)物質(zhì)名詞物質(zhì)名詞(Material Nouns)抽象名詞抽象名詞(Abstract Nouns)不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞(Uncountable Nouns)可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞(Countable Nouns)31. 1. 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)給出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式給出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 policeman child mouse tooth foot potato hero leaf sh

2、elf roof life baby monkey branch thief mosquitopolicemenchildrenmiceteethfeetpotatoesheroesleavesshelvesroofslivesbabiesmonkeysbranchesthievesmosquitoes4 watch lady fox fly brush tomato inch half kilo piano calf passer-by go-between grown-up girl friend sister-in-law man servant looker-onwatchesladi

3、esfoxesfliesbrushestomatoesinches halveskilospianoscalvespassers-bygo-betweensgrown-upsgirl friendssisters-in-lawmen servantslookers-on5I.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變法可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變法情況情況加法加法例詞例詞一般情況一般情況以以s,x,ch,sh,結(jié)尾的詞結(jié)尾的詞以輔音以輔音y結(jié)尾的詞結(jié)尾的詞以輔音以輔音+o 結(jié)尾的詞結(jié)尾的詞以以f或或fe結(jié)尾的詞結(jié)尾的詞加加-s加加-es去去y加加-ies多數(shù)加多數(shù)加-es 把把f/fe改成改成vesBrothers;schools

4、Buses; watches; dishesLadies; countriesHeroes; tomatoesHalves; leaves6不規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化不規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化: :（1）單復(fù)數(shù)同形單復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep, deer, fish, means, species, works(工廠), aircraft, spacecraft, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss （2）改變字母改變字母：man -men, woman -women, policeman -policemen, saleswoman -saleswomen, foot -feet, tooth

5、-teeth, goose -geese, Mouse -Mice , phenomenon -phenomena 另另： penny （pence或 pennies）（3）增加字母增加字母: child -children, ox -oxen7（4）以以o結(jié)尾的詞結(jié)尾的詞： 加加s: photo, radio, piano, zoo, studio, bamboo, tobacco 加加es: tomato, potato, hero 另另：zero （zeros或 zeroes） （5）以以f或或fe結(jié)尾的詞結(jié)尾的詞: 直接加直接加s：roof, proof, belief, chief,

6、 gulf, 變變f為為v再加再加es：life, wife, knife, half, leaf, wolf, thief 另外另外：handkerchief （handkerchiefs或handkerchieves） beef（beeves菜牛 、beefs怨言；牢騷）8(6) (6) 合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式： 將合成名詞中的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)將合成名詞中的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)： looker(s)-on, passer(s)-by, mother(s)-in-law 將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)：將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)： grown-up(s), go-between(s) ( (中間人

7、中間人），）， good-for-nothing(s) ( (無用之人）無用之人） 含含boy, girl, lady等的合成的名詞：等的合成的名詞： 它們始終為單數(shù)，其后的名詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。它們始終為單數(shù)，其后的名詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：如： boy students, girl friends, lady drivers 含含man或或 woman的合成名詞：的合成名詞： 它們隨其后名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化而變化。如：它們隨其后名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化而變化。如： a man doctor, two men doctors 9AA名詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式的短語：名詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式的短語：do exercises

8、（做操）（做操）take notes (做筆記）做筆記）take turns （輪流）（輪流）make repairs （搞修理）（搞修理）change trains （改換火車）（改換火車）make friends with （交朋友）（交朋友）shake hands with (握手）握手）as follows （如下）（如下）in rags （衣衫襤褸）（衣衫襤褸）in dozens （成打的）（成打的）10B有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式含義特別有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式含義特別常見woods works waters clothes customs manners sands spirits feeli

9、ngs goods papers surroundings games forces times looks arms conditions Instructions（森林森林)（工廠工廠）(水域水域)(衣服衣服)(海關(guān)海關(guān))(禮貌禮貌)(沙灘沙灘)(精神精神,烈酒烈酒)(感情感情)(貨物貨物)(報(bào)紙報(bào)紙,文件文件)(環(huán)境環(huán)境)(運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì))(軍隊(duì)軍隊(duì))(時(shí)代時(shí)代)(外表外表)(武器武器)(形式形式,情況情況)(說明說明)11II.不可數(shù)名詞的不可數(shù)名詞的”數(shù)數(shù)”1. 抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、感情情緒的人或事。如：抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、感情情緒的人或事。如：抽象名詞（不可數(shù)

10、）抽象名詞（不可數(shù)） 具體化（個(gè)體名詞，可數(shù)名詞）具體化（個(gè)體名詞，可數(shù)名詞）in surprise驚訝地驚訝地 a surprise一件令人驚訝的事一件令人驚訝的事win success獲得成功獲得成功 a success一個(gè)一個(gè)(件件)成功的人成功的人(事事)win honor贏得榮譽(yù)贏得榮譽(yù) an honor一個(gè)一個(gè)(件件)引以為榮的引以為榮的(事事)Failure(失敗失敗)is the mother of success 失敗是成功之母。失敗是成功之母。a failure失敗者失敗者by experience靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)靠經(jīng)驗(yàn) an experience一次經(jīng)歷一次經(jīng)歷youth青春青春

11、a youth一個(gè)青年人一個(gè)青年人have pity on sb.憐憫某人憐憫某人 a pity可惜的事情可惜的事情with pleasure樂意樂意 a pleasure樂事樂事122. 抽象名詞與抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似乎可以體驗(yàn)到的動(dòng)作、行為或類別。如：乎可以體驗(yàn)到的動(dòng)作、行為或類別。如：A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me?It is a was

12、te of time reading such a novel.She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings. 133. 物質(zhì)名詞有前置定語修飾時(shí)，前面要使用不定冠詞。物質(zhì)名詞有前置定語修飾時(shí)，前面要使用不定冠詞。 have breakfast have a wonderful breakfast The road is covered with snow. They have a heavy snow every year. Time and tide wait for no man. We had a wonderful ti

13、me last night.144.有些物質(zhì)名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示數(shù)量之多，范有些物質(zhì)名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示數(shù)量之多，范圍之廣。如：圍之廣。如：The boy burst into tears at the bad news.The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.15常見的不可數(shù)名詞常見的不可數(shù)名詞progress advice funinformation furniture workbaggage luggage news jewelry w

14、eather paper (紙張紙張) equipment trouble knowledge homework16有復(fù)數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞有些抽象名詞往往以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，起到有些抽象名詞往往以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，起到一種豐富語言感情色彩或強(qiáng)調(diào)某種特殊狀態(tài)一種豐富語言感情色彩或強(qiáng)調(diào)某種特殊狀態(tài)的作用。如：的作用。如：Use your brains, please.They have smoothed away the difficulties.Have you made preparations for tomorrows meeting?Many thanks for your

15、 kindness.No pains, no gains.After many failures, they finally succeeded.17III. III. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的特殊情況名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的特殊情況: :(1) 集體名詞只用作復(fù)數(shù)集體名詞只用作復(fù)數(shù)： police , cattle , people , poultry, the youth(2) 集體名詞用作不可數(shù)名詞集體名詞用作不可數(shù)名詞: clothing, jewellery, furniture, luggage (baggage), machinery, wealth(3) 集體名詞視具體情況而定單復(fù)數(shù)集體名詞視具體情況

16、而定單復(fù)數(shù)： family, class, population, staff, crew, couple, public, group, team, party, club, company, government, committee, audience, enemy(4) 只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞: clothes, trousers, jeans, twins, glasses, compasses, scissors, goods ,thanks, wishes, wages, tears, troops, forces, resources18(5) 以以s s結(jié)尾但不

17、表示復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)尾但不表示復(fù)數(shù): mathematics, physics, politics, statistics, news, woods(森林森林), works(工廠工廠)(6) 有沒有有沒有s s結(jié)尾意義不同結(jié)尾意義不同： glass glasses, cloth clothes, work works, water waters, wood woods, goodgoods, time times(時(shí)代時(shí)代), paper papers(論文論文), green greens(青菜青菜), custom customs(海關(guān)海關(guān)), spirit spirits(酒精酒精,情緒情緒),

18、 light lights(燈燈), experience experiences(經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷), arm arms(武武器器), iron irons(鐐銬鐐銬,熨斗熨斗), compass(指南針指南針) compasses(圓規(guī)圓規(guī)), (7) 姓氏后加姓氏后加s s并帶冠詞，表一家人或夫婦倆并帶冠詞，表一家人或夫婦倆: : the Greens ；the Chengs19(8)(8) 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式意義相同的短語：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式意義相同的短語：make faces / a face（做鬼臉）（做鬼臉）Have talks / a talk with sb.(與某人交談）與某人交談）Pla

19、y jokes / a joke on （拿（拿開玩笑）開玩笑）Make contributions / a contribution to （為（為做貢獻(xiàn)）做貢獻(xiàn)）(9)(9)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的短語：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的短語：Have a word with sb. （與（與某人說句話）某人說句話）Have words with sb. （與（與某人吵架）某人吵架）Make cloth ( (織布）織布）Make clothes （制衣）（制衣）2021一:s型用法（有生命的所有格） 有生命的所有格 李平的自行車 湯姆的作品 Tom and Marys father Toms and Marys fathers 2.表某人家，店鋪名稱，常省去所有格后的名詞 At Greens , at my uncles At the tailorsLi pings bike Toms works共有共有各有各有22 表示時(shí)間，距離，集體，城市，國家，表示時(shí)間，距離，集體，城市，國家，