五 英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習

1、英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習句子成分意義充當詞類例句主語表示句子說的是什么人或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動名詞，短語或句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣動詞或動詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語表示動作行為的對象同主語Both of us like English.表語與聯(lián)系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名,副，介詞短語或

2、句子We have eight lessons every day.狀語修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或句子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.賓語補足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關系形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等She always keeps the house clean.主語謂語是基礎，賓表定狀補輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無！1、簡單句的五個基本句型v 主語 不及物動詞 She came. v 主語 及物動詞 賓語 She likes English.v 主語 系動詞 主

3、語補語 She is happyv 主語 動詞 間接賓語 直接賓語 She gave John a bookv 主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補語 She makes her mother angry 主謂賓 v 名代動詞名代 we- saw -you. we- did -the work. 主系表 v 名代系動詞形容次名詞代詞 you are beautiful you seems worried. 相同點：都三部分，主語也一樣 不同點：否定式不同動詞加助動詞，系動詞不用 表語可以是形容詞，賓語不行 只有賓語有補足語。2、句子成分：英語句子成分分為七種：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、賓語補足語

4、。1）、主語是句子所要說的人或事物,回答是“誰”或者“什么”。通常用名詞或代詞擔任。如：Im Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2）、謂語動詞說明主語的動作或狀態(tài),回答“做(什么)”。主要由動詞擔任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打掃房間)3）、表語在系動詞之后,說明主語的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么樣”。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4）、賓語表示及物動詞的對象或結(jié)果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名詞或代詞擔任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼

5、這個詞)v 有些及物動詞帶有兩個賓語,一個指物,一個指人。指物的叫直接賓語,指人的叫間接賓語。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他給我寫了一封信)v 有時可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構(gòu)成短語,放在直接賓語后面,來強調(diào)間接賓語。 如：He wrote a letter to me . (他給我寫了一封信)5）、定語修飾名詞或代詞,通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是個大城市)6）、狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞,通常由副詞擔任。He works hard .(他工作努力)7）、賓語補

6、足語用來說明賓語怎么樣或干什么,通常由形容詞或動詞充當。They usually keep their classroom clean.(他們通常讓教室保持清潔) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常幫我做功課) / 主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名詞）     He likes dancing. （代詞） Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞)   Seeing is be

7、lieving. （動名詞） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主語從句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）謂語（predicate）：是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔任，放在主語的后面。We study English.         He is asleep.3. 表語（pred

8、icative）：系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。He is a teacher.  （名詞）      You dont look it. （代詞）Five and five is ten. （數(shù)詞）   He is asleep.  （形容詞）His father is in. （副詞）        The picture is on the wall.   (介詞短語)常見連系動詞1.

9、 “存在”類:表示存在或具有某種特征或狀態(tài).這類連系動詞強調(diào)“存在”。常見的有:be(是),look(看起來),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、顯得),prove(證明是),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),sound(聽起來)等。例如: The story sounds true. Those oranges taste good star. 2. “持續(xù)”類:表示某種情況或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)。這類連系動詞強調(diào)“持續(xù)”。常見的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(繼續(xù)、仍舊),stand(處于某狀況或情形)等。例如: I

10、t will stay fresh for several days. The store remains closed. 3. “變化”類:表示由一種情況或狀態(tài)變化成另一種情況或狀態(tài)。這類連系動詞強調(diào)“變化”后的情況或狀態(tài).常見的有:become(變成), turn(變成), grow(變得), get(變得)等。例如: Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.4. 賓語：1）動賓表示行為的對象，常由名詞或者代詞擔任。放在及物動詞或者介詞之后。如：I like China. （名詞）  &#

11、160; He hates you. （代詞）How many do you need? We need two. （數(shù)詞）I enjoy working with you. （動名詞）I hope to see you again. （不定式）    Did you write down what he said? （賓語從句）2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-介賓 Are you afraid of the snake?        Under the snow, there are man

12、y rocks.    3）雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.       Give the poor man some money5. 定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。v Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名詞）v He is our friend. （代詞）v We belong to the third world.（數(shù)詞） v He was advised to teach the lazy boy

13、a lesson.（形容詞）v The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)v The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)v The boys playing football are in Class 2. （現(xiàn)在分詞）v The trees planted last year are growing well now. （過去分詞）v I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） v You should do everything that I do. （定語從句）6

14、. 狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）v I will go there tomorrow.       v The meeting will be held in the meeting room.v The meat went bad because of the hot weather.     v He studies hard to learn English well.v He

15、 didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.    v I like some of you very much.v If you study hard, you will pass the exam.          v He goes to school by bike.v Though he is young, he can do it well. tired   worried   yellow

16、   interested   first his homework   English   your pronunciation   new words   to go swimming family   given   third   some   downstairs on the face   Every night   when he was eleven   fast  With the medicine box under her arm 練

17、習題：(一）指出下列句中主語的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(二). 選出句中謂語的中心詞 I don't like the picture on

18、the wall.  A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?  A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the libr

19、ary D. afternoon(三) 挑出下列句中的表語 The old man was feeling very tired.   Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow.       Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.(四) 挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasn't done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimmin