2019-2020學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)unit4historyandtraditionssectionⅠlisteningandspeaking教學(xué)案版本：

1、Unit 4 History and traditions帶你了解世界著名大學(xué)一一都柏林圣三一學(xué)院的歷史與它的傳統(tǒng)文化。Founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I, Trinity College in Dublin stands alongside Oxbridge among the seven ancient universities in Britain and Ireland. The academic complex is infused with serenity, despite being located at the centre of the

2、 capital just across the street from the IrishHouses of Parliament. The campus, spanning 190,000 square metres, features a mix ，., , , . of old collegiate architecture on the west side, and modern establishments on the east. It was ranked by Forbes as one of the 15 most beautiful college grounds in

3、the world in 2010.Up your game at the library of Trinity College, the largest research library in . ._ . . . . . ，-Ireland. Being a legal deposit library, it is legally entitledto a copy of everybook published in Britain and Ireland, accounting for its staggering volume of six million printed materi

4、als including an extensive collection of manuscripts, music scores and maps.The Old Library, a masterpiece of Irish architect Thomas Burgh within the library complex, houses the precious Book of Kells and has become one of the most frequented ， cl， ，.， tourist attractions in the country. A 65 metre

5、long main chamber is adorned withmarble busts of philosophers and writers under a luxurious barrel vaulted ceiling.【注】infuse v.使具有，注入（某特性）collegiateadj.學(xué)院的 entitlev.使享有權(quán)利；使符合資格adorn v.裝飾；裝扮【立德樹人】歷史的美麗在于其經(jīng)久不衰的底蘊(yùn)和內(nèi)涵（The beauty of history liesin its enduring cultural essence and connotation）, 作為學(xué)生的我們，

6、在未來(lái)的學(xué)習(xí)道路上也要取歷史之長(zhǎng)，繼往開來(lái) （carry forward the cause pioneered by our predecessors and forge ahead into the future）!UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONSSection I Listening and Speaking基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)預(yù)習(xí)自檢I .重點(diǎn)詞匯1. Confucius n.孑L 子Temple of Confucius孑L 廟Kong Family Mansion 孑L 府fCemetery of Confucius 孔林2. philosophy n.哲學(xué) 一phi

7、losopher n.哲學(xué)家3. individual adj .單獨(dú)的；個(gè)別的n.個(gè)人findividuallyadv.單獨(dú)地；個(gè)別地4. Achilles' heel （ 喻）（希臘神話）阿喀琉斯的腳跟，致命的弱點(diǎn)5. pull one's leg 開玩笑；開某人的玩笑6. fish out of_water如魚離水，渾身不自在n.教材原句1. Confucius is one of his（最喜歡的哲學(xué)家 ）.答案：favourite philosophers2. As one of Confucius' descendants , Xiao Kong's

8、 name is recorded in the（家譜）.答案：family tree3. Xiao Kong is doing research project on（孔子哲學(xué)）.答案：Confucius philosophy4. Dacheng Hall is the（ 最高的建筑物）in Qufu.答案:tallest building5. There are no tall buildings（在他的家鄉(xiāng)）.答案：in his hometown6. Both places have a famous person who（ 出生在那里 ）.答案： was born there重點(diǎn)知識(shí)合

9、作探究1Confucius n. 孔子（教材 P38）歸納Temple of Confucius孔廟；夫子廟Kong Family Mansion孔府Cemetery of Confucius 孔林拓展Confucius Institute孔子學(xué)院（非營(yíng)利性公益機(jī)構(gòu)）Confucius culture孑 L 子文化Confucius philosophy孔子哲學(xué)Confucius is considered the greatest of the ancient Chinese sages.孔子被認(rèn)為是古代中國(guó)最偉大的圣人。The Confucius Temple is located 400

10、 meters to the southwest of Yonghegong Station.孔廟位于永和宮站西南400米處。單句寫作孔子被認(rèn)為是著名的哲學(xué)家。a great philosopher.孔子學(xué)院給外國(guó)人提供了學(xué)習(xí)普通話的地方。provide the place for foreigners to learn mandarin.答案： Confucius is known asConfucius institutes2As one of Confucius' descendants, Xiao Kong's name is recordedin the family

11、 tree.（教材 P38）作為孔子的后代之一，小孔的名字被記載在家譜上。剖析本句中as為介詞，意為“作為”。as作為連詞引導(dǎo)從句的用法：引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)，隨著”。(2)引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“以方式”。歸納拓展(3)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“由于”。(4)引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句，多用丁 as . as .或not so/as . as .結(jié)構(gòu)，前一個(gè)as是副詞，舟-個(gè) as是連詞，它所引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句 多使用省略形式。(5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，從句必須用倒裝的形式，倒裝時(shí)將表語(yǔ)(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)要省略冠詞)、狀語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前。另外：as也可用作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，意為“正如，如同

12、”。As you're not feeling well , you may stay at home. 由于你身體不好，你可以留在家里。As_time went by,she became more and more worried.隨著時(shí)間的流逝，她越來(lái)越擔(dān)心。You must do everything as I do.你必須照我做的樣子去做所有事。I don't speak English so/as well as he (does)我講英語(yǔ)沒(méi)有他講得那么好。Child as_he_was,he knew what was the right thing to do.

13、盡管他是個(gè)孩子，他卻知道什么是該做的事情。As was expected, he succeeded in passing the exam.正如所預(yù)料的那樣，他成功通過(guò)了考試。O即景活用結(jié)合as的用法完成句子我們最好快一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樘煲诹?。We had better hurry,.盡管我很尊敬他，我不能同意他對(duì)情況的分析。Much, I can't agree with his analysis of the situation.據(jù)調(diào)查50%勺病人沒(méi)有遵照指示服藥。It is surveyed that 50 percent of the patients do not take dr

14、ugs.隨著時(shí)間的流逝，我母親的頭發(fā)變灰白了。, my mother's hair has turned grey.答案：as it is getting darkas I respect hi m as (they are) directedAstime goes on3His hometown doesn't allowotherbuildingstobe morenoticeable than the historic buildings.(教材 P38)他的家鄉(xiāng)不允許其他建筑比這座歷史建筑更引人注目。歸納拓展(1)allow . to do .允許 做(2)allow

15、for sb./sth.考慮到；估計(jì)到；把計(jì)算在內(nèi)(3)allow of sth.容許；使有可能You never allow personal problems to affect your performance.絕不要讓個(gè)人問(wèn)題影響你的表現(xiàn)。 The children arenot allowed to_watch violent TV programmes.兒童不準(zhǔn)收看含暴力內(nèi)容的電視節(jié)目。 How much must we allow for the shrink?要留多少縮水長(zhǎng)度？The factsallow of only one explanation.這些事實(shí)只可能有一種解釋

16、。Q即景活用(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空 If you won't let me pay for a taxi, then at least allow me(lend) you something. We must allow the train being late.答案：to lendfor(2)單句寫作他的父母不會(huì)允許他在外面待得很晚。His parents won't late.答案：allow him to stay out4individual adj.單獨(dú)的；個(gè)別的 n.個(gè)人(教材P39)個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)介；個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷individual resume歸納 individual ac

17、count個(gè)人賬戶拓展 individual character獨(dú)特性；個(gè)性；個(gè)性人物（2）individuallyadv.單獨(dú)地；個(gè)別地（2019 北京高考）Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為組建一支優(yōu)秀的團(tuán)隊(duì)的最好方法是聚集一群最有才華的人。 The competition is open to both teams andindividuals.團(tuán)隊(duì)和個(gè)人均可參加比賽。 You can open

18、 oneindividual account.你可以開一個(gè)個(gè)人賬戶。 We'd better go in a group, notindividually.我們最好集體去，不要單個(gè)兒去。N即景活用單句寫作每個(gè)人的學(xué)習(xí)方式都不一樣。learns differently.我們采訪了社區(qū)中的每個(gè)成員。We interviewed each of the community.這家旅館有100個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)各不相同的房間。The hotel has 100.答案： Every individual（2）individual member individually designed rooms學(xué)習(xí)效果隨堂

19、演練I .單詞拼寫1. This is the right（ 后跟）height for you.答案：heel2. He was a（ 子孫）of a Spanish soldier.答案：descendant3. Her （哲學(xué)）of life is to take every opportunity that presents itself. 答案：philosophy4. My father lies in the small（公墓）a few miles up this road.答案：cemetery5. Every（ 個(gè)人）has rights which must never

20、be taken away.答案:individual n.閱讀理解 If Confucius were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He'd need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them outP1.While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day

21、, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It's nothing personal. Most Americans don't even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.But this doesn't mean that Americans don't care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners

22、 must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chine

23、se language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy. Somesocial scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to makeup for P2 the drawbacksWof Westerners philosophy. Students in the United States

24、, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States.Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.So the old thinker's ideas are still

25、 alive and well.Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，闡述了西方人學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)文化的現(xiàn)象。1. The opening paragr

26、aph is mainly intended to.A. provide some key facts about ConfuciusB. attract the readers' interest in the subjectC. show great respect for the ancient thinkerD. prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations答案：B推理判斷題。第一段提到如果孔子仍然活著并能慶祝生日的話將會(huì)有很多的蠟燭，他需要一個(gè)風(fēng)扇或很大的風(fēng)才能吹滅。這是為了引起讀者的興趣，讓讀者繼續(xù)讀下去。故選Bo

27、2. We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students.A. have a great interest in studying ChineseB. take an active part in Chinese competitionsC. try to get high scores in Chinese examsD. fight for a chance to learn Chinese答案：A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的"In the past two decades, the Chinese studies progr

28、ams have gained huge popularity in Western universities." 和 "racing to learnChinese”可推知，美國(guó)學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)有很大的興趣，故選A。3. What is the best title for the passage?A. Forgotten Wisdom in AmericaB. Huge Fans of the Chinese LanguageC. Chinese Culture for WesternersD. Old Thinker with a Big Future答案：C標(biāo)題判斷題

29、。本文主要向我們介紹了西方人學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)文化的現(xiàn)象，故選 aA. a biography4. The passage is likely to appear inB. a history paperC. a newspaperD. a philosophy textbook答案：C推理判斷題。本文以通俗的語(yǔ)言闡明一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，結(jié)合其內(nèi)容和寫作風(fēng)格可Co推斷，更像是在報(bào)紙上看到的，而不是在傳記、歷史論文或哲學(xué)課本上看到的，故選端重點(diǎn)單詞drawback n. 缺點(diǎn)；不利條件P重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. put . out 熄滅 2.make up for 彌補(bǔ)蠹岫決st高度課后課時(shí)作業(yè)I完形填空I have le

30、arnt a lot about Chinese life and culture while teaching in China andfound them very interesting. First, family life is quite _1_ in China from thatin the USA. In the USA, many young people 2 home after they finish their education and start working. However, in China, it is _3_ for people to live wi

31、th their parents until they get married. _4_ _ , many of my Chinese friends told me that their _5_lived with them and helped take care of them when they were children. It seems thatAmericans think independence is more important_6_the Chinese think familyrelationships are more important.Bargaining (討

32、價(jià)還價(jià))is another _7_ that I have tried to learn. In the USA, prices are _8_ and you can't ask for a lower price. However in some small Chinese stores and tourist places, you are _9_ to bargain. My Chinese friends taught me to ask for 40 percent or 50 percent _10_ the original price. If the salespe

33、rson doesn't agree to my price, I should _11_ to leave and he might let me come back and sell me the item. It is a skill that you have to _12_ if you live in China.Tipping hasn't been easier to 13 . In the USA, many people in the service _14 want to get _笆 money for serving customers. Tippin

34、g is not a part of Chinese culture.16 I tried to tip a taxi driver. He looked a little _17_ and refused to_take the money.In dinners, perhaps what surprises an American visitor most is that some of theChinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their _18_. Actually, this_s a _1_9_ of true frie

35、ndship and politeness. My Chinese friends told me if I didn't want to eat it. I should just _20_ the food in the plate.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，從一個(gè)在中國(guó)工作的外籍教師的視角介紹了中國(guó)和美國(guó) 在文化方面的差異。1. A.uniqueB. differentC. privateD. harmonious。 be different from答案：B指中國(guó)家庭生活的方式和美國(guó)人是不同的(different)“與不同"。故選B。2. A.comeB. buil

36、dC. leaveD. abandon答案：C在美國(guó)，年輕人完成學(xué)業(yè)開始工作以后就離開(leave)家獨(dú)立生活。故選 0=3. A.regularB.trueC.commonD.usual答案：C 在中國(guó)年輕人和父母生活在一起直到結(jié)婚是很常見(jiàn)的(common)。故選C。4. A.AlsoB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Although答案：A 本句與上句為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故用副詞also ,意為“此外；而且"。故選Ao5. A.parentsB.relativesC.babysittersD.grandparents答案：D此處表示他們不但和父母住在一起，而且小時(shí)候他們的祖父母

37、(grandparents)還和他們生活在一起照顧他們。故選D。6. A.whileB. sinceC. whenD. as答案：A while這里作“然而”講，表示轉(zhuǎn)折或表兩種情況的對(duì)照。美國(guó)人認(rèn)為獨(dú)立很重要，而中國(guó)人認(rèn)為家庭關(guān)系更重要。故選 A7. A.wayB. customC. methodD. habit答案：B討價(jià)還價(jià)也是中國(guó)的一個(gè)風(fēng)俗(custom)。故選Bo8. A.madeB.agreedC. chargedD. set答案：D set the price“設(shè)定價(jià)格”。此處表示在美國(guó)價(jià)格被設(shè)定以后就不能改變。攵選D。9. A.expectedB. taughtC. sugge

38、stedD. required答案：A 在中國(guó)別人會(huì)認(rèn)為彳會(huì)討價(jià)還價(jià)的。sb. be expected to do sth."預(yù)期某、會(huì)做某事"，符合語(yǔ)境。故選Ao10. A.upB. awayC. offD. on答案：C off表示從原有價(jià)格上減去/扣掉一部分。故選C。11. A.promiseB. pretendC. decideD. hope答案：B根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，你假裝(pretend)離開，賣東西的人會(huì)把你叫住再把東西賣給。故選BoC. practiseD. consider答案：C如果你在中國(guó)生活，這是一種你要練習(xí)(practise)的技能。故選 C13. A.

39、adjust toB. turn toC. refer toD. stick to答案：A adjust to "適應(yīng)"；turn to "求助"；refer to "參考"；stick to "堅(jiān)B. departmentD. industry“服務(wù)業(yè)”，故選 Do持”。此處指在中國(guó)給小費(fèi)是不容易適應(yīng)的，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)人不習(xí)慣接受小費(fèi)。故選Ao14. A.areaC. branch答案：D 此處指 service industry15. A.easyB.extraC. pocketD.prize答案：B在美國(guó)服務(wù)業(yè)工作的很多人都

40、希望得到小費(fèi)，也就是額外的(extra)錢。故選B。16. A.OftenB.OnceC. SometimesD.Before答案：B此處是作者舉例說(shuō)明中國(guó)人不習(xí)慣接受小費(fèi)，所以此處表示我曾經(jīng)(once)給出租車司機(jī)小費(fèi)。故選 Bo17. A.excitedB. satisfiedC. frightenedD. confused答案：D因?yàn)椴涣?xí)慣接受小費(fèi)，所以司機(jī)看上去很困惑(confused)，拒絕接受。故選 D=18. A.ownB. childrenC. neighborsD. guests答案：D指在中國(guó)主人會(huì)給客人(guests)的碗里添食物。故選Do19. A.signalB. m

41、arkC. signD. feature答案：C signal"信號(hào)"；mark"痕跡"；sign "征兆，跡象"；feature"特點(diǎn)”；中國(guó)人認(rèn)為給別人添食物是禮貌的標(biāo)志。故選Co20. A.leaveB. remainC. putD. taste答案：A如果你不想吃，就把食物留(leave)在盤里，也沒(méi)關(guān)系。故選A。n 閱讀理解IKong zi, also called Confucius (551BC 479BC), and Socrates (469BC 399BC)lived only a hundred yea

42、rs apart, and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, thou

43、gh there were more wars in Greecethan in China. The Chinese states were very large andfeudal W1, while the Greek citystates were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical （ 激進(jìn)的）than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rulers how

44、to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealisticW2, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledgefor its own sakeP1.Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went out to government service.Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a

45、 principle for the conduct of life:"Donot do to others what you would not want others to do to you." He assumed that allmen were equal at birth, though some had morepotential W3 than others, and that itwas knowledge that set men apart P2. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought tha

46、t the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior （下層的）classes.For Socrates, the family was of no importance P3, and the community of little

47、concern. For Confucius, however the family was the center of the society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要對(duì)比了中西古代兩個(gè)著名的哲學(xué)家，孔子和蘇格拉 底的差異和共同點(diǎn)以及他們?cè)谌祟悮v史上的影響。1. What can we

48、 learn from the first paragraph?A. Socrates and Confucius had much in common.B. Confucius had much influence on Socrates' ideas.C. The societies were influenced by the philosophers' ideas.D. There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.答案：C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的"how these ideas in

49、 turn, shapedtheir societies ”可推知，他們的觀念無(wú)疑對(duì)社會(huì)有著很大影響，故選C。2. What made some people different from others according to Confucius?A. Family.B. Potential.C. Knowledge.D. Community.答案：C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"that it was knowledge that set men apart” 可知，知識(shí)使人產(chǎn)生差異。故選Co3. Socrates shared with Confucius the idea t

50、hat.A. all men were equal when they were bornB. the lower classes should be ruled by the upper classC. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdomD. people should not ask others to do what they did not want to下層的）classes."可知，他們都答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段最后一句"Like Confucius, he believed that

51、 the superior class should rule the inferior (認(rèn)為上層階級(jí)應(yīng)該統(tǒng)治下層階級(jí)。故選Bo4. This passage is organized in the pattern ofA. time and eventsB. definition and classificationC. cause and effectD. comparison and contrast答案：D推理判斷題?？v觀全文可見(jiàn)，文章的每一段都是通過(guò)對(duì)比來(lái)說(shuō)明他們生活背景,、想觀念等各個(gè)方面的。故選DoW重點(diǎn)單詞1. feudal adj .封建的2. idealistic adj

52、 . 理想主義的；空想的3. potential n. 潛力；潛能 adj . 潛在的；可能的P重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)4. for one's own sake為某事本身的緣故5. set . apart 區(qū)別； 使分離6. be of no importance不重要的| .-篡岫決童高虞BHundreds of years ago, a Romanarmy camenorth from England to make war on Scotland. The Scots, a brave people, love their country. They fought hard to drive

53、the enemy out of Scotland. But there were too many of the Romans. It looked as if the Romans would win.One night, the leader of the ScotsmarchedW1 his soldiers to the top of a hill.“We will rest here tonight, my men, “ he said, “Tomorrow we will fight one morebattle. We must win, or we will die. ”They were all very tired. So they ate their supper quicklyand fell asleep. Therewere four guards on duty, but they were very tired, too, andone by one, theyfellasleep.The Romans were not asleep. Quickly theygathered W2 at the foot of the hill.Slowly they went up the hill.