四級(jí)聽(tīng)力輔導(dǎo)9

1、現(xiàn)象與問(wèn)題這類短文主要是對(duì)社會(huì)中存在的某些現(xiàn)象，和某些問(wèn)題進(jìn)行揭示、剖析和研究，涉及社會(huì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、家庭、犯罪、環(huán)境、公共交通等方面的內(nèi)容，并對(duì)這些問(wèn)題做出一種主觀的評(píng)論，多以議論文為主。比如：2003年12月的四級(jí)考試的第一篇短文就講述了當(dāng)今社會(huì)的人們不再象過(guò)去那樣注重文明禮貌的現(xiàn)象，2000年6月第二篇短文講述了如何制止濫用毒品這一社會(huì)問(wèn)題，而2000年1月的第一篇講述了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)造成的環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題。由于這類短文的選材一般是比較熱門(mén)的話題?？忌谄綍r(shí)生活中或多或少都通過(guò)各種媒體或途徑有所接觸，只是不同的人對(duì)這些現(xiàn)象與問(wèn)題的看法不同，因此論述的角度和觀點(diǎn)就千差萬(wàn)別。做這類題時(shí)，考生切忌以自己的觀點(diǎn)

2、或平時(shí)聽(tīng)到的別人的觀點(diǎn)答題，而應(yīng)以這些觀點(diǎn)為基礎(chǔ)和比較對(duì)象，去理解作者的看法，以聽(tīng)到的錄音內(nèi)容為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行答題。這類短文設(shè)置的問(wèn)題以主旨大意題和造成某個(gè)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或問(wèn)題的原因類題為主。由于這類文章通常有主題句，且主題句常為短文的首句或尾句。所以考生切記第一時(shí)間進(jìn)入狀態(tài)，集中注意聽(tīng)清文章的開(kāi)篇及結(jié)尾部分。對(duì)于原因類題，一般在短文中都能直接提及，所以在預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)，預(yù)測(cè)問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)上帶著問(wèn)題去聽(tīng)，聽(tīng)到什么選什么能大大降低答題的難度。請(qǐng)看2003年12月CET-4的第一篇短文：11. A) The art of saying thank you.B) The secret of staying pretty.

3、C) The importance of good manners.D) The difference between elegance and good manners.12. A) They were nicer and gentler.B) They paid more attention to their appearance.C) They were willing to spend more money on clothes.D) They were more aware of changes in fashion.13. A) By decorating our homes.B)

4、 By wearing fashionable clothes.C) By being kind and generous.D) By putting on a little make-up.解題思路(1)主旨預(yù)測(cè)花幾秒種的時(shí)間瀏覽3題12個(gè)選項(xiàng)，迅速找出相互關(guān)聯(lián)的幾個(gè)高頻詞：good manners, appearance, fashionable, generous, nice, pretty。從而作出初步概括，短文中可能會(huì)涉及文明禮貌及儀表美等方面的內(nèi)容。(2)分測(cè)各題第11題四選項(xiàng)是四個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)，又是本篇短文的第一題，很可能是測(cè)試文章的主旨大意。選項(xiàng)C和D中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了good mann

5、ers，具有關(guān)鍵詞的特征。所以聽(tīng)時(shí)注意文章的開(kāi)篇和結(jié)束部分，重點(diǎn)在辨別短文的主旨。第12題，豎讀后發(fā)現(xiàn)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)主語(yǔ)一致，均以they開(kāi)頭，且都是用的一般過(guò)去時(shí)，都用到了比較極形式，但均未明確出現(xiàn)被比較的對(duì)象，但常識(shí)告訴我們比較的對(duì)象無(wú)非是過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在兩種不同情況。再看中心詞nicer and gentler, appearance, clothes, fashion，雖各不相同，但通過(guò)歸納概括可以發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)A與眾不同，描述的是行為舉止方面等內(nèi)在氣質(zhì)的勝出，而其他選項(xiàng)的中心詞則同屬一個(gè)范疇，都是圍繞對(duì)衣著打扮等外在儀容的表述。由此可推測(cè)出這一題是就過(guò)去的某些人的內(nèi)在氣質(zhì)或外在特征較之當(dāng)前的情況有何區(qū)

6、別來(lái)設(shè)置問(wèn)題。第13題，各選項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)一致，均以By開(kāi)頭，后接動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，此題必是考察方式方法。與前兩題結(jié)合起來(lái)分析，選項(xiàng)A是美化家居的方法，B和D是使人儀表增輝的方式，而選項(xiàng)C是使人更具內(nèi)秀的方法。所以這個(gè)問(wèn)題可能會(huì)問(wèn)采取何種方法能使人們的形象更佳。關(guān)鍵詞提示 good manners, generous, nice, gentle聽(tīng)力原文Do you remember a time when people were a little nicer and gentler with each other? I certainly do. And I feel that much of the wo

7、rld has somehow gotten away from that. Too often I see people rushing into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first, or never saying “thank you” when others hold a door open for them. We get lazy and in our laziness, we think that something, like a simple “thank you” doesnt re

8、ally matter. But it can matter very much.The fact is that no matter how nicely we dress or how beautifully we decorate our homes, we cant be truly elegant without good manners because elegance and good manners always go hand in hand. In fact, I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret

9、. Havent you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting prettier? Its funny how that happens. But it does. Take the long-lost art of saying “thank you”. Like wearing a little makeup or making sure your hair is neat, getting into the habit of saying “thank you” can make you f

10、eel better about yourselves. Good manners add to your image while an angry face makes the best dressed person look ugly.11.What is the passage mainly about?12.What does the speaker say about people of the past?13.According to the speaker, how can we best improve image? 參考答案11. C12. A13. C技巧點(diǎn)撥這類關(guān)于現(xiàn)象與

11、問(wèn)題的短文通常都按問(wèn)題解決型修辭模式展開(kāi)：首先說(shuō)明情況，然后提出問(wèn)題，接著分析問(wèn)題，最后提出解決問(wèn)題的意見(jiàn)或辦法(問(wèn)題也可能沒(méi)有解決或沒(méi)有完全解決)，有時(shí)還會(huì)給予適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià)。即文章開(kāi)頭先描述一種現(xiàn)象，提出一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題或陳述某種觀點(diǎn)；短文第二部分分析原因，列舉事實(shí)，或介紹各種觀點(diǎn)；文章的結(jié)尾提出解決問(wèn)題的途徑、方法或呼吁人們采取相應(yīng)的行動(dòng)，有時(shí)還會(huì)對(duì)已采取的或?qū)⒁扇〉拇胧┘右栽u(píng)論。了解這類文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有助于把握短文脈絡(luò)，分清文中的客觀事實(shí)和主觀觀點(diǎn)。特別是短文的最后幾句話（即結(jié)尾部分）十分重要，經(jīng)常是文章內(nèi)容的總結(jié)或轉(zhuǎn)折，所以成為考點(diǎn)的可能性相當(dāng)大。比如，上文的最后一題，問(wèn)我們?nèi)绾问棺约旱男蜗筇?/p>

12、彩，即使考生沒(méi)聽(tīng)到文章中“Havent you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting prettier? Its funny how that happens. But it does.”這幾句話，只要抓住了文章的最后一句話，就能輕松確定答案為選項(xiàng)B。另外，考生平時(shí)應(yīng)有意識(shí)地關(guān)注各種媒體上常提到的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。因?yàn)槿绻忌鷮?duì)材料的內(nèi)容或類似的內(nèi)容較熟悉，就能很容易地理解短文的具體內(nèi)容，大大提高答題的正確率?？破张c研究這類短文一般是以通俗易懂的語(yǔ)言，介紹自然科學(xué)領(lǐng)域里的新發(fā)明、新發(fā)現(xiàn)、新技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用，其

13、內(nèi)容涉及信息技術(shù)、天文地理、航空航天、生物技術(shù)、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)等方面。也可以是關(guān)于對(duì)某種事物的一種實(shí)驗(yàn)、研究，或某種事物的歷史演變與來(lái)源。近年來(lái)，有關(guān)健康生活的短文常常在四級(jí)聽(tīng)力中露臉。這類短文一般采用的是說(shuō)明文的文體，順序的寫(xiě)作手法，條理清楚、層次分明、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。由于介紹的是有關(guān)科學(xué)方面的內(nèi)容，專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)，而且往往是考生比較陌生的領(lǐng)域，或很少注意的話題，因此就文章本身的內(nèi)容而言，是最難聽(tīng)懂的一種短文。而這類短文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，用詞準(zhǔn)確，有時(shí)還會(huì)使用一些專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，無(wú)疑也增加了聽(tīng)的難度?？忌诼?tīng)這類短文時(shí)由于跟不上文章的思路或把握不了具體的細(xì)節(jié)而容易走神。其實(shí)，對(duì)于難懂的文章，題目一般較為簡(jiǎn)單

14、，較多細(xì)節(jié)題，往往只需要考生在聽(tīng)的同時(shí)從選項(xiàng)中找出相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容就可以了，不需過(guò)多的歸納推理。因此，手、眼、耳結(jié)合是關(guān)鍵。此外，由于文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，第一段涉及一個(gè)具體的方面，段首和段尾常是段落的主題句，成為題解的概率也相當(dāng)高。對(duì)于不懂的術(shù)語(yǔ)，如果上下文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)有關(guān)線索幫助推測(cè)其詞意，應(yīng)果斷放棄，不要因?yàn)橐恍o(wú)關(guān)緊要的細(xì)節(jié)影響了關(guān)鍵信息的把握，畢竟這類短文中絕大多數(shù)的信息對(duì)于考生答題來(lái)說(shuō)都是多余的。而關(guān)鍵信息出現(xiàn)在承上啟下，表明上下文邏輯關(guān)系的信息詞后的概率非常高，考生在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中需對(duì)這類信息詞尤為敏感，從而捕獲有用信息，正確作答。比如：2002年6月的四級(jí)考試的第二和第三篇短文分別是介紹的三種鳥(niǎo)筑

15、巢的特點(diǎn)以及樹(shù)的年輪對(duì)于科學(xué)家考察太陽(yáng)風(fēng)暴活動(dòng)的模式所具有的特殊意義。2001年1月第三篇短文介紹了造成車(chē)禍的原因及相應(yīng)的防范措施。請(qǐng)看2005年12月CET-4的第一篇短文：11. A) It has been proven to be the best pain-killer.B) It is a possible cure for heart disease.C) It can help lower high body temperature effectively.D) It reduces the chance of death for heart surgery patients.

16、12. A) It keeps blood vessels from being blocked.B) It speeds up their recovery after surgery.C) It increase the blood flow to the heart.D) It adjusts their blood pressure.13. A) It is harmful to heart surgery patients with stomach bleeding.B) It should not be taken by heart surgery patients before

17、the operation.C) It will have considerable side effects if taken in large doses.D) It should not be given to patients immediately after the operation.解題思路(1)主旨預(yù)測(cè)花幾秒種的時(shí)間瀏覽3題12個(gè)選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)都為以it為主語(yǔ)的短句，提供的信息相對(duì)較多。迅速找出幾個(gè)相互關(guān)聯(lián)的高頻詞或關(guān)鍵詞：heart disease, heart surgery patients, cure, recovery, blood vessels, blood pre

18、ssure, stomach bleeding, operation, doses。從而推測(cè)出短文中可能會(huì)介紹某種藥物對(duì)于心臟病或高血壓手術(shù)患者的作用或療效。(2)分測(cè)各題第11題四選項(xiàng)均是以it為主語(yǔ)的短句，又是本篇短文的第一題，很可能是測(cè)試文章的主旨大意，詢問(wèn)某種藥物的作用或療效。第12題四選項(xiàng)均又是以it為主語(yǔ)的短句，且都用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而且A，C，D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中分別出現(xiàn)了三個(gè)與blood相關(guān)的詞組blood vessels, blood flow和blood pressure，由此可推測(cè)出這一題是就這種藥物對(duì)于病人在血液方面的疾患有何幫助，聽(tīng)的時(shí)候可以著重辨別哪一個(gè)是短文中提到的內(nèi)容。第

19、13題，依然是以it為主語(yǔ)的四個(gè)短句，B，D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)的謂語(yǔ)均用到了否定式和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)should not be (done)，A，C兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)雖然用的是肯定句(It is harmful to及It will have considerable side effects)，但表達(dá)的同樣是負(fù)面的意義，通過(guò)分析可以推測(cè)出這道題會(huì)就這種藥物的副作用或是用藥禁忌來(lái)設(shè)問(wèn)。關(guān)鍵詞提示 heart surgery, blood vessels, operation聽(tīng)力原文A new study reports the common drug aspirin greatly reduces life threat

20、ening problems after an operation to replace blocked blood vessels to the heart. More than 800,000 people around the world have this heart surgery each year. The doctors who carried out the study say giving aspirin to patients soon after the operation could save thousands of lives. People usually ta

21、ke aspirin to control pain and reduce high body temperature. Doctors also advise some people to take aspirin to help prevent heart attacks. About 1015 percent of these heart operation end in death or damage to the heart or other organs. The new study shows than even a small amount of aspirin reduced

22、 such threats. The doctors said the chance of death for patients who took aspirin would fall by 67%. They claimed this was true if the aspirin was given within 48 hours of the operation. The doctors believe aspirin helps heart surgery patients because it can prevent blood from thickening and blood v

23、essels from being blocked. However, the doctors warned that people who have stomach bleeding or other bad reactions from aspirin should not take it after heart surgery.11. What is the finding of the new study of aspirin?12. In what way can aspirin help heart surgery patients according to the doctors

24、?13. What warning did the doctors give about the use of aspirin?參考答案11. D12. A13. A技巧點(diǎn)撥這篇科普短文篇幅適中，但因涉及的是醫(yī)藥類的內(nèi)容，生詞較多，對(duì)考生在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中理解信息造成了障礙。聽(tīng)力理解中內(nèi)容較難的短文，設(shè)題多遵循在段首、段尾的主題句及信息提示詞后設(shè)問(wèn)的規(guī)律，且問(wèn)題往往為細(xì)節(jié)題，所以有時(shí)即使沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂文章的內(nèi)容，但抓住這種規(guī)律，捕獲首尾句中及信息提示詞后的關(guān)鍵詞（通常是聽(tīng)到什么選什么），也能找到正確答案。比如，本文的第一句即主題句，第11小題也是針對(duì)短文的段首句提問(wèn)，聽(tīng)到“greatly reduces l

25、ife threatening problems after an operation to replace blocked blood vessels to the heart”這句話后，馬上就能綜合出reduce, problems, operation, heart等幾個(gè)詞表達(dá)是選項(xiàng)D所表明的信息，所以可以在該選項(xiàng)旁作上記號(hào)。而聽(tīng)到“The doctors believe aspirin helps heart surgery patients because ”和“However, the doctors warned that”兩句話時(shí)，則應(yīng)對(duì)because和however兩個(gè)信息提

26、示詞后的信息重點(diǎn)關(guān)注，而第12和13題的答案也正在其中。第12題選項(xiàng)A的“It keeps blood vessels from being blocked.”與because后聽(tīng)到的“prevent blood vessels from being blocked”如出一轍，而第13小題的選項(xiàng)A提到的“patients with stomach bleeding”也與聽(tīng)到的“people who have stomach bleeding”相符，所以根據(jù)聽(tīng)到什么選什么的原則，就能選出正確答案。又如2005年12月CET-4的第三篇短文：17.A) They wanted to follow

27、his example. B) They fully supported his undertaking. C) They were puzzled by his decision.D) They were afraid he wasnt fully prepared.18. A) It is more exciting than space travel. B) It is much cheaper than space travel. C) It is much safer than space travel. D) It is less time-consuming than space

28、 travel.19.A) They both attract scientists attention B) They can both be quite challenging C) They are both thought-provoking. D) They may both lead to surprising findings.20.A) To show how simple the mechanical aids for diving can be. B) To provide an excuse for his changeable character. C) To expl

29、ore the philosophical issues of space travel. D) To explain why he took up underwater exploration. 解題思路(1)主旨預(yù)測(cè)全文相關(guān)的16個(gè)選項(xiàng)開(kāi)頭都非常有規(guī)律，第17題和第19題都是以They開(kāi)頭的句子，第18題是以It開(kāi)頭的四個(gè)含比較級(jí)的句子，而第20題是以To開(kāi)頭的目的狀語(yǔ)。在這些選項(xiàng)中頻率最高的詞非space travel莫屬，而且它是作為一個(gè)被比較對(duì)象出現(xiàn)的，由此可以初步判斷將要聽(tīng)到一篇關(guān)于人物對(duì)space travel的興趣發(fā)生變化的文章，結(jié)合diving及water explorati

30、on，多半會(huì)講述他比較space travel及water diving/exploration之后所形成的觀點(diǎn)及興趣問(wèn)題。(2)分測(cè)各題第17題，四選項(xiàng)均以They開(kāi)頭，且四選項(xiàng)謂語(yǔ)均為對(duì)he（文章中的某個(gè)人，可能是作者本人）的某種行為所持的一種評(píng)價(jià)或態(tài)度，所以此處的They指代的對(duì)象應(yīng)該是人。由此可猜測(cè)這個(gè)問(wèn)題可能是問(wèn)：文章的主人公干了某件事或作出了某個(gè)決定后，旁人對(duì)此有何反應(yīng)。又是本篇文章的第一題，它們提醒考生要注意短文開(kāi)頭的某個(gè)有關(guān)他人觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的細(xì)節(jié)。第18題，四個(gè)以It開(kāi)頭的四個(gè)含比較級(jí)的句子，被比較對(duì)象相同都是space travel，可在四個(gè)形容詞下劃線，在聽(tīng)的時(shí)間就一定要注意某

31、項(xiàng)工作或研究與space travel相比較的究竟有何不同之處。第19題，四選項(xiàng)同第17題的主語(yǔ)一樣，均以They開(kāi)頭，但此They非彼They，結(jié)合上一小題看，此處所指代的應(yīng)是與上一小題中space travel相比較的另一種工作或研究。此外各選項(xiàng)都有both一詞，與上題銜接，應(yīng)該是描述兩者的相同（似）之處。第20題，四選項(xiàng)均為以To開(kāi)頭的目的狀語(yǔ)，又是短文的最后一小題，是概括文章主旨的可能性很大。多半會(huì)問(wèn)作者說(shuō)這番話的目的是什么。關(guān)鍵詞提示 space travel, diving, underwater exploration聽(tīng)力原文When my interest shifted fr

32、om space to the sea, I never expected it would cause such confusion among my friends, yet I can understand their feelings. As I have been writing and talking about space flight for the best part of 20 years, a sudden switch of interest to the depth of the sea does seem peculiar. To explain, Id like

33、to share my reasons behind this unusual change of mind. The first excuse I give is an economic one. Underwater exploration is so much cheaper than space flight. The first round-trip ticket to the moon is going to cost at least 10 billion dollars if you include research and development. By the end of

34、 this century, the cost will be down to a few million. On the other hand, the diving suit and a set of basic tools needed for skin-diving can be bought for 20 dollars. My second argument is more philosophical. The ocean, surprisingly enough, has many things in common with space. In their different ways, both sea and space are equally h