情態(tài)動(dòng)詞havedone

1、五、瑪麗不可能偷你的錢，她回家去了譯成“可能做過嗎？”。屋里沒有燈，他們可能出去了嗎？到處找不到他們，他們可,意思是本來能夠做某事而沒有做本來他能通過考試，但他太粗心“可能已經(jīng)”或“也許已經(jīng)”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+done是歷年高考的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)之一，現(xiàn)將其用法總結(jié)歸納如下：一、must+have+done表示對過去事情的肯定推測，譯成“一定做過某事"，該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句1. Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨晚定下雨了,因?yàn)榈孛孢€是濕的2. Youmusthavebeenmadtospeaktotheservant.你和仆人說話

2、,一定是發(fā)瘋了二、"can't+have+done”表示對過去事情的否定推測，譯成“不可能做過某事”。1 .Mr.Smithcan'thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我剛才還在圖書館見過他。2 .Marycan'thavestolenyourmoney.Shehasgonehome.三、"can+have+done'表示對過去行為的懷疑，用于疑問句,1 .Thereisnolightintheroom.Cantheyhavegoneout?2 .Ther

3、eisnowheretofindthem.Wherecantheyhavegone?能到什么地方去呢？四、could+have+done'是虛擬語氣，表示對過去事情的假設(shè)Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless."may+have+done表示對發(fā)生過的事情的推測，意思是用于肯定句中。WhathashappenedtoGeorge?Idon'tknow.Hemayhavegotlost.一喬治發(fā)生了什么事？我不知道，他可能迷路了。六、"might+have+done"表示對過去事情的推測，might與

4、may®思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中。1.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasbusy.（MET90）他或許會多給你一些幫助，即使他很忙。2. Shemighthaveachievedgreaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.如果你多給她點(diǎn)機(jī)會，她可能已經(jīng)取得更大的成績。七、"would+have+done"虛擬語氣，表示對過去事情的假設(shè)，意思是"本來會做"。1. Iwouldhavetoldyouallabouttheboy'

5、sstory,butyoudidn'taskme.我本來會告訴你這個(gè)小男孩的故事，但是你沒有問我。2. Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thaveachievedsomuch.沒有你的幫助，我是不會取得如此大的成績。八、"should+have+done"意思是"本來應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際沒做。""shouldn't+have+done"表示本來不應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際做了.含有指責(zé)對方或自責(zé)的含意1. Tom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyes

6、terday.湯姆，你太懶惰了，這項(xiàng)工作本來應(yīng)該昨天就做完的。2. Look,Tomiscrying.Ishouldn'thavebeensoharshonhim.看，湯姆哭了,我本來不應(yīng)該對他如此嚴(yán)厲。九、"oughtto+have+done"表示過去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并沒有做，譯成"理應(yīng)做"，往往表示遺憾。與"should+have+done”用法基本一樣。IoughttohavegonehomelastSunday.我理應(yīng)上星期日回家。Yououghtnottohavegivenhimmorehelp.你不應(yīng)該幫助他那么多。十、&quo

7、t;need+have+done表示本來需要做某事而沒有做。"needn't+have+done”則表示"本來不需要做某事而做了"。Ineedn'thaveboughtsomuchwineonlyfivepeoplecame.我本來沒有必要買這么多酒，只來了五個(gè)人。Heneedhavehurriedtothestation.Inthatcase,bewouldn'thavemissedthetrain.他本來需要快點(diǎn)去車站，那樣的話，他就不會誤了火車。“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞十havedone"表示對過去情況的推測或估計(jì)，是歷年高考的熱點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)就

8、這一語言現(xiàn)象作如下歸納：1.should（oughtto）have:工：二El表示過去應(yīng)該做而（實(shí)際）沒有做的事情，含有責(zé)備或遺憾的語氣，意為“本應(yīng)該”；其否定形式為"shouldnot/oughtnottohave十過去分詞”，表示某種行為不該發(fā)生但卻發(fā)生了。Mr.Whiteat8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn't'showup.（04'廣西卷）A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving解析本題中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞but暗示了“Mr.Whi

9、te按道理理應(yīng)到了，而他沒有到”.故答案選A2.needn'thave十過去分詞表示過去沒有必要做某事，但實(shí)際上做了某事。Asyouworkedlateyesterday,youhavecomethismorning.（06'陜西卷）A.mayn'tB.can'tC.mustn'tD.needn't解析Heneedn'thavecome,表示“他本沒有必要來（實(shí)際卻來了）"，根據(jù)句意，答案應(yīng)選D。注意Hedidn'tneedtocomeyesterday,意為“他昨天沒有必要來（實(shí)際也沒來）”。3. musthave十過

10、去分詞用于肯定句，表示過去一定做過某事，表示一種很有把握的推測注意對過去發(fā)生情況的否定推測常用can't/couldn'thave十過去分詞。Ihavelostoneofmygloves.Iitsomewhere.（05'北京春季）A.mustdropB.musthavedroppedC.mustbedroppingD.musthavebeendropped解析本題應(yīng)選Bo本題的前一句說明一個(gè)結(jié)果，后一句則表示一個(gè)原因。Ihavebeenmorethansixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened.（05'天津卷）A.shouldn

11、9;tB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't解析從題意上分析，本題的前一句陳述一個(gè)理由，后一句則是由前一句得出的結(jié)論。故本題選b:4. may/mighthave十過去分詞表示對過去情況的一種不太有把握的可能性推測，表示“過去可能/大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“過去可能還沒有做某事”。Wehaveprovedgreatadventurers,butwehavedonethegreatestmarchevermadeinthepasttenyears.（06'天津卷）A.needn'tB.maynotC.shouldn'tD.mu

12、stn'tKey:b5. can/couldhave+過去廿漏表示“過去本來可以做某事，但實(shí)際上沒有做"；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑問句表示“可能/也許已做了某事嗎？”。-IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.-Oh,didyou?YouA.couldhavestayedC.wouldstay鞏固性練習(xí)：從A、B、withBarbara|B. couldstayD.musthavestayedC、D中選擇最佳答案。(NMET98)Key:A1. -Youdidn，twaitforMr.Smithlastnight,didyou?-No,butwe

13、.Hedidn'treturnhomeatall.A.couldn'thavewaitedB.needn'thaveC.didn'tneedtoD.shouldwait2. HarryhavewonthePhysicscompetitioneasilyyesterday,buthegaveup.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.must3. -MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Smithatsixo'clocktonight?”-"I'msorry,Mr.Smithtoaconferencebeforeth

14、en.”A.willhavegoneB.hadgoneC.wouldhavegoneD.hasgone4. -Tomtookawayourteacher'scellphonewithoutbeingpermitted.-Really?Ican'timaginethathehavedonesuchathing.A.mustB.mayC.canD.should5. -Wasityouthatmadethesuggestion?-Ithavebeen.Ican'tremember.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.may6. Theweatherturnedoutt

15、obefineyesterday.Ithetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetakenC.needn'thavetakenD.mustn'thavetaken7. Hepaidforaseat,whenhehaveenteredfree.A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need8. Ididn'tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.A.mustn'thavespokenB.mightn'thave

16、spokenC.can'thavespokenD.shouldn'thavespoken9. -Hi,isthatPeterBrown?-Sorry.Youthewrongnumber.A.mustdialB.musthavedialedC.shoulddialD.shouldhavedialed10. Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.Theyatleast150kilometersanhour.A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC. couldhave

17、doneD.wouldhavedoneKeysforreference:1-5CAADD6-10CACBB高考“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞十havedone”考點(diǎn)解析“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”結(jié)構(gòu)是高考重要考點(diǎn)，也是較難掌握的語法項(xiàng)目之一，為了幫助同學(xué)們更好地掌握使用這一考點(diǎn)，下面結(jié)合近年高考試題談?wù)勂渲饕梅??？键c(diǎn)之一：在虛擬條件句中，如果表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，從句中用過去完成時(shí)，而主句中則用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)"，即：would/could/should/mighthavedone。例如：Iftheyhadfinishedtheworkontime,theywouldhavebeenpr

18、aisedbythemanager.Ifyouhadworkedhard,youcouldhavepassedtheexamination.高考題分析：1.Ifitforthesnow,wethemountainyesterday.(MET91)A.werenot;couldhaveclimbedB.werenot;couldC.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen;couldclimb2. -IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.-Oh,didyou?YouwithBarbara.(NMET98)A.couldhavestayB

19、.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestay3. YesterdayJanewalkedawayfordiscussion,otherwise,shesomethingshewouldregretlater.(96上海)A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid答案簡析：1.根據(jù)信息詞yesterday可以判斷該句是表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句，從句中應(yīng)該用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞十現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”，故答案選Co2.本句是一個(gè)含蓄虛擬條件句，意思是：Ifyouhadn'tstayatahotelwhileinNewYork,youcoul

20、dhavestayedwithBarbara.表達(dá)了與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，答案選A。3.本句考查的也是含蓄虛擬語氣，意思是：如果她參加了討論，她可能會說出一些后來令她后悔的話。表達(dá)了與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，故答案選Do考點(diǎn)之二：musthavedone表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況的肯定推測判斷，語氣較強(qiáng)，意思是“一定、肯定”。其否定形式分別用can't/couldn't和can/could。例如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因?yàn)榻癯康孛媸浅睗竦?。Shedidn'tatte

21、ndthelessonyesterday.Shemusthavebeenill.她昨天沒有上課，她一定是生病了。鞏固練習(xí)：Hehavecompletedhiswork,otherwise,hewouldn'tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.（05北京26題）A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn'tD.can'tThiscakeisverysweet.Youalotofsugarinit.（05遼寧26題）A.ShouldputB.couldhaveputC.mightputD.musthaveput-Tomisneverlatefor

22、work.Whyisheabsenttoday?Somethingtohim.（05江西22題）A.musthappenB.shouldhavehappenedC.couldhavehappenedD.musthavehappenedIwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.Theyatleast150kilometersanhour.（05重慶33題）A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedoneIhavebeenmorethan

23、sixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened.（05天津14題）A.shouldn'tB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn'tDoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn'tfindhimanywhere.（05湖北32題）A.shouldn'tB.mustn'tC.can'tD.wouldn't1. Ididn'thearthephone.Iasleep.（MET89）A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebe

24、en2. -Irangyourhomeyesterday.AmanansweredbutIdidn'trecognizethevoice.-On,itmybrother,Peter.A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.canhavebeenD.mightbe答案簡析：1.關(guān)鍵詞是didn't,說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，所以是對已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況的推測判斷.故答案選B2.本句的意思是：我昨天朝你家里打的電話。是對過去情況的推測判斷，應(yīng)該用musthavedone結(jié)構(gòu)。故答案選B.一、“must+have+過去分詞”表示對過去發(fā)生的事情或狀態(tài)進(jìn)行推測，語氣比較堅(jiān)定，通常只用于肯

25、定句.如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.Youmusthavebeenmadtospeaktotheservant.二、"can/could+have+過去分詞”表示對過去某種情況的懷疑或不確定。can和could一般用于否定句和疑問句，could的語氣較can弱。如：Ididn'tseeheratthemeetingthismorning;shecan't/couldn'thavespokenatthemeeting.Hecan'thavefinishedtheworksosoon.三、&qu

26、ot;may/might+have+過去分詞”表示對已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行不肯定的推測，might的語氣比may!一點(diǎn)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于肯定句和否定句，疑問句改用can或could。如：*Theymaynothaveknownitbeforehand.*Youmighthavereadaboutitinthepapers.四、“need+have+過去分詞”表示過去做了不必做或不需要做的事情，或過去做某事純屬多余。如：Needtheyhavedoneitlastweek?Ineedn'thaveboughtsomuchwineonlyfivepeoplecame.五、"

27、should/oughtto+have+過去分詞”表示過去本該做某事但沒做，其否定式表示過去不該做某事但做了，這種句式含有不滿或責(zé)備之意，oughtto的語氣比should強(qiáng)一些。如：Yououghtto/shouldhavestudiedharder.你本應(yīng)該更努力學(xué)習(xí)的。（但沒有）Heoughtn'tto/shouldn'thavedonethat.他本來就不該做那件事。（可是做了）六、“would+have十過去分詞”表示對過去的某種情況進(jìn)行猜測，或本來要做某事卻因某種原因未做成，通常用來說明某一情況，但不像用should或。ughtto那樣含有責(zé)備之意。如：Iguess

28、thepoetwouldhavebeenabouttwentywhenshewroteherfirstpoem.Anotherworkerwouldn'thaveactedlikethat.以上是我教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)的最全的“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”了，希望能幫助你并獲得你的采納！“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞十havedone”重點(diǎn)講解“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”結(jié)構(gòu)是高考重要考點(diǎn)，也是較難掌握的語法項(xiàng)目之一，下面結(jié)合近年高考試題談?wù)勂渲饕梅?。一、在虛擬條件句中，如果表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，從句用過去完成時(shí)，而主句中則用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)"，即would/could/should/mi

29、ghthavedone例Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheCollageEntranceExamination.如果他學(xué)習(xí)努力，他就會通過高考了。鞏固練習(xí)1. -IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.-Oh,didyou?YouwithBarbara.（NMET98）A.couldhavestayB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestay2.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfordiscussion,otherwise,shesomethingshewouldregretlater.（9

30、6上海）A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid答案簡析1 .答案A本句是一個(gè)含蓄虛擬條件句，意思是：Ifyouhadn'tstayatahotelwhileinNewYork,youcouldhavestayedwithBarbara.表達(dá)了與過去事實(shí)相反的情況。>2.答案D本句考查的也是含蓄虛擬語氣，意思是：如果她參加了討論，她可能會說出一些后來令她后悔的話。表達(dá)了與過去事實(shí)相反的情況。二、musthavedone表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況的肯定推測判斷，語氣較強(qiáng)，意思是“一士上士»7E、R7E例Itmusthaveraine

31、dlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.昨天晚上定是下雨了，因?yàn)榻癯康孛媸浅睗竦?。鞏固練?xí)1.Ididn'thearthephone.Iasleep.(NMET89)A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen2. -Irangyourhomeyesterday.AmanansweredbutIdidn'trecognizethevoice.-On,itmybrother,Peter.A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.canhavebeenD.mightbe答案簡析1 .答

32、案B關(guān)鍵詞是didn't,說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，所以是對已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況的推測判斷。2 .答案B本句的意思是：我昨天朝你家里打的電話。這是對過去情況的推測判斷，應(yīng)該用musthavedone結(jié)構(gòu)。三、may/mighthavedone也用于對已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況的肯定推測判斷，但語氣稍弱，意思是“可能，或許"。例如：Shedidn'tgetthereintime.Shemayhavemissedthebus.她沒能及時(shí)到達(dá)那兒。她可能沒趕上汽車。Hedidn'tcometoschooltoday.Hemighthavebeenill.他今天沒來上課，他可能病了。鞏固

33、練習(xí)：1. Sorry,I'mlate.Ihaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.（2000春）A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will2. Thewindowwasbroken.Tomhavedonethat,forhewasalittlenaughty.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.oughtto3. Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shesomethingshewouldregretlater.（1996上海）A.had

34、saidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid答案簡析：這三句表達(dá)的都是對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況的推測判斷，意思是“可能、或許”，應(yīng)該用may/mighthavedone結(jié)構(gòu)。答案分別選ABD三、如果對過去情況推測判斷的句子是疑問句和否定句，只能用can/could和can't,/couldn'to例如：Hecan'thavegoneabroad;Isawhimanhourago.他不可能去國外，我一個(gè)小時(shí)前還見到他呢。-Canhehavepassedtheexam?No,hecan'thave.Hedidn'tworkhard.他

35、通過考試了嗎？不，他不可能通過考試。他學(xué)習(xí)不努力。鞏固練習(xí)：1. -Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.-Itacomfortablejourney.（MET95A.can'tbeB.shouldn'tbeC.mustn'thavebeenD.couldn'thavebeen2. MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterday,soheyourlecture.（2002上海）A.couldn'thaveattendedB.needn

36、'thaveattendedC.mustn'thaveattendedD.shouldn'thaveattended3. MyEnglish-Chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared.Whohavetakenit?（2003上海春招）A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would4. Ididn'tseeherinthemeeting-roomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.（1995上海）A.mustn'thavespokenB.shouldn'thavespokenC.needn'

37、;thavespokenD.couldn'thavespoken答案簡析：1、根據(jù)Theywerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.一句中的時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)該是對過去情況的推測判斷，因?yàn)檐嚿弦呀?jīng)有5位人了，在帶上我一個(gè)，可以斷定這一定是一次不舒適的旅行。所以，本句表達(dá)的是對過去否定的推測判斷，應(yīng)該用can't/couldhavedone來表達(dá)。故答案選D。2、根據(jù)句意“我妹妹昨天在大劇院見過他”所以，一定是對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的否定的判斷，答案選A3、本句表達(dá)的是對過去發(fā)生過的情況的疑問，所以應(yīng)該用couldhave

38、done,答案選a4、本句表達(dá)的是過去已發(fā)生情況否定的推測判斷，應(yīng)該用couldn'thavedone,故答案選D。四、含有must/may/might表示對過去情況推測判斷的句子，如果變成反意疑問句，反意疑問句中動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must等后的動(dòng)詞形式保持一致，用一般過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：Hemusthavebeenlivinghereforyears,hasn'the?他一定是在這兒住了好幾年了，是嗎？Youcan'thavesleptwelllastnight,didyou?你昨天晚上沒睡好，是不是？鞏固練習(xí)：1:Greatchangesmusthavetake

39、nplaceinthevillageinthepastfewyears,they?A.mustn'tB.haven'ttheyC.can'tD.didn't2.Hemusthavelivedahappyafewyearsago,he?A.didn'tB.hasn'tC.mustn'tD.can't答案簡析：1.含有must表示推測判斷的句子，其反意疑問句的動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)與must后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)保持一致?？梢岳斫獬扇绻槐硎就茰y判斷，該句應(yīng)該說成：Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthevillageinthepast

40、fewyear.變成反意疑可句后應(yīng)該說成：Greatchangeshavetakeplaceinthepastfewyears,haven'tthey?所以，該題選B。2.本句中must后的動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)為did,所以，反意疑問句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為didn't。故答案選A五、should/oughttohavedone表示“本來應(yīng)該做的，而實(shí)際上沒有做的事情"，其否定形式則表示“已經(jīng)做了不該做的事情”，含有責(zé)備的意思。例如：Theflowershavedied.Ishouldhavewateredthemoften.這些花兒都死了。我本來應(yīng)該常給他們澆水的。（其實(shí)沒澆水）Youo

41、ughtnottohavetoldthemthetruth.你本不應(yīng)該告訴他們真相的（其實(shí)你告訴他們了）鞏固練習(xí)：1. Therewasalotoffunatyesterday'sparty.Youcome,butwhydidn'tyou?（99上海）A.musthaveB.shouldC.needhaveD.oughttohave2. Oh,Iamnotfeelingwellinthestomach,Isomuchfriedchickenjustnow.A.shouldn'teatB.mustn'thaveeatenC.shouldn'thaveeat

42、enD.mustn'teat3. Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youhomewithoutaword.（NMET2001）A.mustn'tleaveB.shouldn'thaveleftC.couldn'thaveleftD.needn'tleave一I'lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.-Youherlastweek.（04福建）A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetoldMr.Whiteat8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn'tshowup.（04全國）4. Mr.Whiteat8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn'